íEíCfÃçü       Initializing Media       the Feb. l990 STARLINK NEWS, Starlink states among other things the    following:l. Because TYMNET's network is primarily designed and intended for        communications between mainframes and terminals, ^Ithe disconnect  codes  sent from a PC do not always tell the network to hang up the call.        Because of this, you might sometimes see a long call on your statement    that you don't recognize.^F^J2. Commencing in ^INOVEMBER^F^J TYMNET started charging us a telco charge for ^Ialmost every outdial 9004ANN2   Uªÿ BOOT       DIRECTORY  ØAdShop.HR2H4‡&AdShop.HR3H7‡&AdShop.HR4H:‡&AdShop.HRPH1‡&anet1A	anet2A€ANN_AGENDAHTautobootAi?Bios_MarchH@×Buffer_RvuHOìBUSINESSHTŒ¿CLARIFYHFTŠÌCONTEST_GHŽƒCONTESTSHT‡³DreamerAED=?DRIVE_REPRAET_LefkoHTJtted the  data.   They regret the error but then blame it on TYMNEWT saying they    have no control over the preparation of the data.  When the error was     brought to their attention they corrected the mistake.What all of this is saying is THAT YOU HAD BETTER CHECK YOUR STARLINK     BILLS VERY CAREFULLY AND KEEP VERY GOOD RECORDS as they are aware of at   least the 3 above problem areas but put the burden upon you to see that   you are credited for incorrect charges made to your account.BE WARNED, BEWxO                            l566 ood Lak Dr.                                        Chesterfield Mo. 630l7                                                 STARLINK WARNING:I would like to suggest that you carefully log and monitor your calls     on Starlink and then very carefully compare your Starlink bill (which     will most likely arrive several months AFTER the service) with your       records.Incall^F^J made through the network.  They       indicate that they will not pass on charges IF they know that the city    involved has no telco charge.  However, if they don't know, they will     pass the charge onto you whether it is legitimate or not.  You must make  a request for credit for each call you feel is incorrect. If you do not,  you pay the incorrect charge.3. In the Novemeber billing (note they are first telling you about this   in February) they discovered a problem with the way TYMNET formagraphics02HEüLovHat.HR2H(‡&LovHat.HR3H+‡&LovHat.HR4H.‡&LovHat.HRPH%‡&POWERMATEHgüPROMOTIONHc*STARLINK_IHekSTARTA_AUGH‘šWARNING_SLH&WINNERHDAH=xyzmodemA  j¡zmodemAEFTvèREADMETWOA˜
BLOCKS LEFTœARE, BE SMART , SAVE MONEY.ALWAYS QUESTION EVERY THING ON THEIR BILL YOU DO NOT FEEL IS RIGHT.Unless you are using the Starlink system for business purposes only, you  are a consumer of their product and have rights to have a correct bill,   your questions answered, etc.Barry A. Wilsoneach call you feel is incorrect. If you do not,  you pay the incorrect charge.3. In the Novemeber billing (note they are first telling you about this   in February) they discovered a problem with the way TYMNET formaost as soon as I receive new prices. Ship to: Ed. Jorgensen 2609 SW 13th Place Ft. lauderdale,Fl. 33312 these will be    adam 160's that you want converted. they have to be working  drives. other wise it is plus repair. which I also do. SUBJ: drive repairs       As of last message I also want to announce that I also       repair disk drives. this includes the Adam 160's. Also we    repair 320's,360's.720,s Prices are labor $36.00 plus parts. Send to: Ed. Jorgensen 2609 SW 13th Place Ft.                LFROM THE AWAUG BBS, 24 hrs. 202-56l-2475.A9958 09:25 Mar-08-1990TO: ALL                 FROM: EDWARD JORGENSEN  SUBJ: DRIVE CONVERSIONS    AS OF 03-07-90 I WILL BE DOING CONVERSIONS OF DISK DRIVES! I talked it over with Ron collins and through him I have       permission from B.J. I will be doing all drives conversions  320,360,720. Price will be $36.00 labor, plus part and       mechanics. At present I have a good sorce for                mechanics,reasonable. I am waiting on present prices. will   p2247 lbs.  LOLA COWAN OF PSAN guessed  2250 lbs. for a WINNING 3 lbs. off.    JEFF JODOIN new SYSOP of AWAUG guessed 2235 lbs. for a SECOND PLACE 12   lbs. off.JEFF WILSON of STLAUG (YES HE IS RELATED, NO I DIDN'T GIVE HIM THE       ANSWER---IF I HAD HE WOULD HAVE WON, NOT COME IN THIRD;  YES HE DID HAVE A SLIGHT ADVANTAGE AS HE KNEW MYSELF, MY CAT & AL FITZGERALD----NO HE    DID NOT LIFT US UP AND GAIN AN ADVANTAGE THAT WAY).   Anyway Jeff's      guess was a THIRD PLACE 2260 lbs. or l3 lbs. off .DEauderdale,Fl.33312 all repairs and conversion are plus      shipping. I will supply mechanics and parts when requested.  phone -305-584-9239 AS OF 03-07-90 I WILL BE DOING CONVERSIONS OF DISK DRIVES! I talked it over with Ron collins and through him I have       permission from B.J. I will be doing all drives conversions  320,360,720. Price will be $36.00 labor, plus part and       mechanics. At present I have a good sorce for                mechanics,reasonable. I am waiting on present prices. will   ptted the  data.   They regret the error but then blame it on TYMNEWT saying they    have no control over the preparation of the data.  When the error was     brought to their attention they corrected the mistake.What all of this is saying is THAT YOU HAD BETTER CHECK YOUR STARLINK     BILLS VERY CAREFULLY AND KEEP VERY GOOD RECORDS as they are aware of at   least the 3 above problem areas but put the burden upon you to see that   you are credited for incorrect charges made to your account.BE WARNED, BEWxO90 and I waited till Mar. l5, l990   to see if any more guesses (post-marked before Mar. lst ) would wander   in.THE OFFICIAL WEGIHT OF THE GROUP IN QUESTION WAS:  2247 ^AWINNER...............WINNER..............WINNERTHE WEIGHT CONTEST ENDED Feb. 28, l990 and I waited till Mar. l5, l990   to see if any more guesses (post-marked before Mar. lst ) would wander   in.THE OFFICIAL WEIGHT OF THE GROUP IN QUESTION WAS:  ost as soon as I receive new prices. Ship to: Ed. Jorgensen 2609 SW 13th Place Ft. lauderdale,Fl. 33312 these will be    adam 160's that you want converted. they have to be working  drives. other wise it is plus repair. which I also do. SUBJ: drive repairs       As of last message I also want to announce that I also       repair disk drives. this includes the Adam 160's. Also we    repair 320's,360's.720,s Prices are labor $36.00 plus parts. Send to: Ed. Jorgensen 2609 SW 13th Place Ft.                LNNIS DESMET OF SLAUG guessed 2275 lbs. for a NO PRIZE FOURTH PLACE     being 28 lbs. off.IF YOU GUESSED A CLOSER GUESS, CHEW OUT YOUR SYSOP, EDITOR, AUG OFFICER, ETC. WHO DID NOT REPORT IT TO ME IN TIME.LOLA will get her choice of:  l) PIA2  (which AWAUG will donate if I cannot find BJ in Japan).   2) $20.00 software from Softworks Factory.OR  3) l year membership from AWAUG. 2nd place chooses from remaining prizes;  3rd place gets whatever prize  is left.NEW CONTEST IS STARTING.  WATCH FOR IT, ç tï thió softwarå ió becauså iô 
ió thå simplesô tï uså foò aî ADAÍ owneò 
whï haó neveò useä á modeí before® Therå 
arå  manù  differenô  telecommunicationó 
programó  currentlù  availablå  foò  thå 
ADAM®  Iæ yoõ arå usinç onå oæ these¬  É 
suggesô  thaô yoõ becomå  familiaò  witè 
thå generaì workingó oæ thå softwarå yoõ 
wilì  bå usinç tï calì thå BBÓ (REAÄ THÅ 
MANUAL!©  beforå attemptinç tï uså  youò 
modeí  foò thå firsô time®  Iæ  yoõ  arå 
usinç  á telecommunicatioî prograí otheò 
thaî.pl 60
.mt 0
.mb 0
.op
.po 47
.. Telecommunications WorkSHOP


&Using the SLC ADAM-LINK BBS
.po 51
      (Part 1)
  By Alan Neeley&
@&
É  havå  haä severaì requestó  bù  thoså 
memberó  whï  havå modemó tï gï  througè 
anä   discusó  thå   optionó   availablå 
througè thå BBÓ thaô É operate® Thió BBÓ 
systeí  haó  sï manù  optionó  availablå 
througè   iô  thaô mosô ne÷ useró  ofteî 
becomå  confuseä (especiallù iæ  they'vå 
neveò useä theiò modeí before)®  Anotheò 
thinç ió thaô yoõ arå callinç 
withiî  thå Salô Lakå Citù  locaì  area¬ 
leavå  ouô  thå 80±  part..®  No÷  presó 
SmartKEÙ  VÉ  (DONE© tï  actuallù  starô 
dialinç   thå   numbeò  yoõ  havå   jusô 
entered®  Yoõ wilì seå thå numbeò dialeä 
anä iî á momenô yoõ wilì seå á  greetinç 
welcominç  yoõ tï thå BBÓ (provideä  yoõ 
havå  calleä thå BBÓ durinç houró anä nï 
onå  elså  ió usinç iô aô thå  timå  yoõ 
call)®  Iæ yoõ dï noô connecô thå  firsô 
time¬  trù  callinç  á  fe÷  morå  timeó 
beforå yoõ givå up.
 tï uså thå Maiì system¬  thå 
Publiã messagå system¬ ho÷ tï Uploaä anä 
Download¬ anä á loô oæ otheò things...

Durinç thå serieó oæ articleó É wilì  bå 
writing¬  É  wilì  bå referrinç  tï  thå 
ADAMLinë  IÉ softwarå thaô waó  designeä 
foò thå originaì ADAÍ modem®  Thió ió aî 
updateä versioî oæ thå ADAMLinë softwarå 
thaô  camå witè youò modeí anä thå  onlù 
reaì  differencå betweeî thå twï ió thaô 
ADAMLinë  IÉ provideó foò Uploadinç  anä 
Downloading®  Thå  Reasoî whù É wilì  bå 
referrinPARTICIPATE.VOTE FOR UGLIEST SYSOP/EDITOR.Thanks A.N.N.ING 3 lbs. off.    JEFF JODOIN new SYSOP of AWAUG guessed 2235 lbs. for a SECOND PLACE 12   lbs. off.JEFF WILSON of STLAUG (YES HE IS RELATED, NO I DIDN'T GIVE HIM THE       ANSWER---IF I HAD HE WOULD HAVE WON, NOT COME IN THIRD;  YES HE DID HAVE A SLIGHT ADVANTAGE AS HE KNEW MYSELF, MY CAT & AL FITZGERALD----NO HE    DID NOT LIFT US UP AND GAIN AN ADVANTAGE THAT WAY).   Anyway Jeff's      guess was a THIRD PLACE 2260 lbs. or l3 lbs. off .DE ADAMLink¬  mosô oæ thå  informatioî 
iî  theså articleó wilì stilì bå helpfuì 
tï you.

So¬   you'vå  finallù  goô  youò   modeí 
pluggeä  iî (correctly)¬  you'vå  loadeä 
youò ADAMLinë softwarå anä youò thinkinç 
"É shoulä calì thå SLÃ ADAM-LINË BBÓ anä 
seå  iæ thió thinç works!¢ What'ó  next¿ Š.po 4
Welì  iæ you'rå reallù ready¬  yoõ  wilì 
wanô tï telì youò modeí tï calì thå BBS® 
Thió  ió  donå  bù pressinç  SmartKEÙ  É 
(DIAÌ  NUMBER©  anä  theî  enterinç  thå 
numbeò (801)484-5114® Iæ thoså useró whï calì  lonç 
distancå  woulä  likå tï havå  á  betteò 
ideá  oæ ho÷ thå systeí runó beforå theù 
calì  anä uså iô sï thaô theù  won'ô  bå 
wastinç  moneù tryinç tï figurå ouô  ho÷ 
tï  uså thå BBS®  Welì É havå decideä tï 
writå á serieó oæ workshopó designeä  tï 
dï jusô that¡ É wilì starô aô thå begin
ninç  bù tellinç yoõ ho÷ tï calì thå BBÓ 
anä geô logged-oî aó á ne÷ user® Theî iî 
lateò Telecommunicatioî Workshops¬  I'lì 
progresó  intï  otheò areaó oæ  thå  BBÓ 
sucè aó ho÷
Upoî successfullù connectinç tï thå BBS¬ 
thå  firsô  thinç  yoõ arå askeä  tï  dï 
afteò thå greetinç haó beeî displayeä ió 
presó  RETURÎ  (whicè yoõ shoulä  dï  tï 
continuå on)® Afteò pressinç RETURN¬ yoõ 
wilì  bå giveî anotheò  welcomå  messagå 
anä theî yoõ wilì bå asked:

ENTER HANDLE or LOGIN ID#:

Thå  firsô  timå yoõ calì thå  BBS¬  yoõ 
wilì neeä tï opeî á ne÷ accounô sï  herå 
yoõ shoulä typå iî NE× anä presó RETURN® 
Yoõ  wilì  theî  bå  takeî  througè  thå 
Newuseò  log-iî  pr bacë tï  thå  starô 
again®  Noticå wheî youò typinç iî  youò 
passworä thå seconä time¬  youò passworä 
isn'ô  displayeä  buô X'ó  arå  instead® 
Thió  ió  thå  waù iô wilì bå  wheî  yoõ 
enteò  youò passworä froí theî  oî  wheî 
logging-oî  tï thå BBS®  Thió ió jusô aî 
addeä securitù measurå foò youò behalf.

Afteò yoõ havå gonå througè thå passworä 
procedurå yoõ wilì bå asked:

ENTEÒ  YOUÒ  PHONÅ NUMBEÒ IÎ  THIÓ  FORÍ 
(XXX)/XXX-XXXX:

Enteò  youò phonå numbeò payinç  speciaì 
attentiotinuå oî tï thå nexô ques
tion®  Makå surå thaô yoõ carefullù reaä 
eacè  questioî  sï thaô yoõ  wilì  fullù 
understanä whaô ió beinç askeä oæ you.

The first question you are asked is:

ENTER A HANDLE YOU WISH TO USE ON
THIS SYSTEM:

Á  handlå  ió likå á nicknamå  thaô  yoõ 
wisè  tï bå knowî bù oî thå BBS®  Iô caî 
alsï  bå  useä tï loç bacë  oî  thå  BBÓ 
agaiî  afteò thå ne÷ useò log-iî procesó 
haó beeî completed® Iæ yoõ don'ô wisè tï Š.po 51
uså  á handle¬  yoõ caî uså  youò  firsô Ç 
FROM® JUSÔ THÅ CITY:

Thió  parô ió prettù  straighô  forward® 
Jusô  enteò youò citù anä presó  RETURN® 
Makå   surå   thaô   iæ  yoõ   havå   tï 
abbreviate¬ thaô otheò peoplå wilì stilì 
bå ablå tï understanä whaô citù iô is!

Nexô   yoõ   arå  askeä  tï  enteò   thå 
abbreviatioî   oæ  thå  statå  yoõ   arå 
callinç  from®  Herå  yoõ shoulä  uså  ² 
characteró onlù likeº  UT¬  FL¬ MA¬ etc® 
Presó RETURÎ tï continuå on.

No÷  yoõ arå giveî á chancå tï  looë  aô 
alì  thå answeró yoõ haä  thå morå characteró  yoõ  use¬  thå 
betteò securitù yoõ havå againsô someonå 
guessinç  it®  Yoõ shouldn'ô leô  anyonå 
elså  kno÷ whaô youò secreô passworä  ió 
anä  iæ  someonå doeó finä  iô  out¬  iô 
shoulä  bå changed®  ENTEÒ youò Passworä 
anä presó RETURN.

Nexô  yoõ  wilì bå askeä  tï  enteò  thå 
passworä  agaiî  tï verifù  correctness® 
Yoõ  shoulä  typå iî  thå  passworä  anä 
presó returî again® Iæ yoõ haven'ô typeä 
iô iî exactlù aó yoõ diä thå firsô time¬ 
yoõ  wilì  bå  takeîocesó whicè  MUSÔ  bå 
completeä beforå yoõ caî continuå on®  É 
shoulä  stresó thå facô thaô yoõ neeä tï 
completå  thió  procesó  aó  quicklù  aó 
possiblå  becauså therå ió á timå  limiô 
thaô yoõ arå giveî tï geô logged-on®  Iæ 
yoõ exceeä thió time¬  yoõ wilì bå  dis
connecteä anä you'lì havå tï trù again® 

Thå  ne÷ useò procesó involveó yoõ goinç 
througè  anä answerinç á fe÷  questions® 
Therå arå certaiî requirementó thaô youò 
answeró  musô  meeô beforå yoõ  wilì  bå 
alloweä tï conî  thaô yoõ includå thå  speciaì 
characteró  "(/-¢ showî iî thå  example® 
Iæ  yoõ leavå theí ouô oò faiì tï  enteò 
thå  numbeò correctly¬  yoõ wilì noô  bå 
alloweä tï continuå on.

The next question you are asked is:

PLEASE ENTER YOUR TERMINAL TYPE:

Š.po 4
Thió  questioî ió  askinç foò whaô  typå 
oæ  computeò yoõ arå using®  Iô ió  mosô 
likelù  thaô  yoõ arå usinç aî  ADAÍ  sï 
enteò ± anä presó RETURN.

The sixth question you are asked is:

PLEASÅ  ENTEÒ  THÅ CITÙ YOÕ ARÅ  CALLIN
namå   oò  jusô  enteò  NONÅ  anä  presó 
RETURN® 

The second question you are asked is:

ENTER THE NAME YOU USE IN REAL LIFE:

Herå  yoõ  shoulä enteò youò  firsô  anä 
lasô namå anä presó RETURN.

The third thing you are asked to do is:

ENTEÒ Á PASSWORÄ THAÔ YOÕ WISÈ TÏ USÅ OÎ 
THIÓ SYSTEM®  YOÕ WILÌ NEEÄ  THIÓ TÏ GEÔ 
OÎ THÅ SYSTEÍ THÅ NEXÔ TIMÅ YOÕ CALL:

Á  passworä  ió á worä thaô  yoõ  chooså 
thaô  wilì bå easilù remembereä bù  you® 
Iô  shoulä bå aô leasô ´ characteró lonç 
anvå jusô giveî  tï 
makå surå thaô yoõ havå entereä theî thå 
waù thaô yoõ wanted® Iæ yoõ seå onå thaô 
ió  incorrecô  oò  decidå  yoõ  wanô  tï 
changå one¬ enteò thå numbeò nexô tï thå 
questioî  anä yoõ wilì bå alloweä tï  dï 
so®  Iæ  everythinç  lookó correcô  thaî 
jusô presó RETURÎ tï continuå on.

Thå nexô thinç thaô yoõ arå askeä tï  dï 
ió  enteò  á  littlå  informatioî  abouô 
yourselæ    sucè   aó   youò    hobbies¬ 
interests¬  anä sï forth®  Thå areá thaô 
yoõ  enteò thió informatiteò .È (yoõ wilì 
seå  >>Help© anä presó RETURN®  Buô  foò 
no÷  É suggesô thaô yoõ geô oî witè  thå 
resô oæ thå newuseò log-iî procesó (youò 
almosô through)!

Afteò thå BBÓ haó saveä thå  informatioî 
yoõ  entereä  iî thå Texô Editoò tï  thå 
FEEDBACË filå foò thå SYSOÐ tï read¬ thå 
BBÓ  wilì searcè foò aî  accounô  numbeò 
thaô  yoõ  wilì bå given®  Wheî  iô  haó 
founä  thå nexô availablå account¬  Youò 
PASSWORÄ anä thå accounô £ wilì bå  dis
playeä  oî thå screen®  Yoõ wilì theî bå 
antereä thå Texô  Editor¬  typå 
iî  á littlå informatioî abouô yourself® 
Nï neeä tï gï intï greaô detaiì  (unlesó 
yoõ  wanô  to)®  Oncå yoõ  arå  finisheä 
enterinç thå informatioî abouô yourself¬ 
yoõ  wilì neeä tï telì thå BBÓ  computeò 
thaô  yoõ arå readù tï SAVÅ youò newuseò 
information® Somå peoplå havå difficultù 
witè  thió  parô sï makå surå  thaô  yoõ 
reaä iô carefully® Tï SAVÅ youò message¬ Š.po 51
yoõ musô puô thå cursoò oî á linå alì bù 
itselæ bù pressinç RETURN® Nexô yoõ typå ticå 
thå  log-oî routine®  Firsô yoõ wilì  bå 
askeä tï enteò youò accounô #® Enteò thå 
numbeò  yoõ havå beeî giveî (includå thå 
twï  characteró yoõ werå giveî too©  anä 
theî  presó  RETURN®  Nexô yoõ  wilì  bå 
askeä  foò  youò  PASSWORD®   Enteò  thå 
PASSWORÄ anä presó RETURN.

Congratulations¡  You'vå  completeä  thå 
newuseò log-iî procedure¡  Therå wilì bå 
anotheò  smalì delaù untiì thå  computeò 
getó  thå  maiî parô oæ thå  BBÓ  loadeä 
intï memorù again®  Afteò thå delay¬ yoõ 
wie

No÷ yoõ caî presó RETURÎ tï continuå  oî 
witè  thå  ne÷ useò log-iî procesó  (yoõ 
wilì noticå thaô thå BBÓ wilì displaù  á 
messagå tellinç yoõ thå messagå ió beinç 
saved).

Iæ   yoõ  havå  á  probleí  savinç  youò 
message¬  It'ó probablù becauså yoõ havå 
youò  UPPEÒ  CASÅ  LETTERÓ  lockeä   on® 
Simplù  presó thå LOCË keù oî youò  key
board¬ Presó RETURN¬ anä trù tï enteò .Ó 
again® Iæ yoõ woulä likå á lisô oæ otheò 
commandó thaô arå availablå tï yoõ whilå 
iî  thå Texô Editor¬  enoî iî ió calleä 
thå TEXÔ EDITOR® Thå Texô Editoò ió useä 
á  loô  througè ouô thå BBÓ  anä  iô  ió 
kindá  likå  á mini-worä processoò  thaô 
allowó yoõ tï TYPÅ iî youò message¬ EDIÔ 
mistakeó  yoõ havå made¬  anä sï  forth® 
Withiî   timå  yoõ  wilì   becomå   morå 
familiaò  witè  thió Texô Editoò aó  yoõ 
uså iô morå anä morå througè ouô thå BBÓ 
system.

Foò  no÷ É wilì jusô discusó thå  basicó 
yoõ  wilì  neeä tï kno÷ tï  continuå  oî 
witè  thå newuseò log-iî  process®  Oncå 
yoõ havå eskeä  tï  writå thió  informatioî  dowî 
(whicè  É  suggesô yoõ dï anä puô  iî  á 
safå  placå wherå yoõ wilì  remembeò  sï 
yoõ  caî geô bacë oî tï thå BBÓ thå nexô 
timå yoõ call)®  Afteò yoõ presó RETURN¬ 
alì  thå  informatioî yoõ  havå  entereä 
abouô  yourselæ likå youò  passworä  anä 
name¬  wilì  bå saveä intï thå  Passworä 
filå foò futurå reference® Thió maù takå 
á couplå oæ minuteó sï bå patient.

Š.po 4
Oncå   alì  thió  informatioî  haó  beeî 
filed¬  yoõ wilì bå alloweä tï  prac
iî  á perioä (.© followeä bù aî  S®  Yoõ 
wilì  noticå  wheî  yoõ  enteò  thå  '.§ 
characteò thaô yoõ wilì seå '>>§ oî  thå 
screen®  Theî  wheî  yoõ enteò  thå  'S§ 
character¬ thå worä 'Save§ wilì bå typeä 
oî  thå screen®  Iæ yoõ havå donå every
thinç right¬  yoõ caî theî presó  RETURÎ 
anä youò messagå wilì bå saved®  Herå ió 
aî examplå oæ ho÷ tï savå youò message:

Yoõ  typå  thió  iî froí  youò  keyboarä 
afteò FIRSÔ pressinç RETURN:

 .S

Yoõ wilì seå thió oî youò SCREEN:

>>Savlì bå alloweä tï checë thå BBÓ ouô foò 
á  limiteä timå (untiì É oò onå  oæ  thå 
otheò  SYSOP'ó  geô á chancå tï  upgradå 
youò accesó level)®  Thå firsô thinç yoõ 
wilì  bå  showî  ió  á  serieó  oæ  newó 
bulletiî fileó thaô wilì inforí yoõ whaô 
haó  beeî goinç oî througè ouô thå  BBS® 
Oncå theså fileó havå beeî displayeä  tï 
you¬  yoõ  wilì  bå giveî á prompô  likå 
this:

 TC/MAIN:

Á prompô ió á serieó oæ characteró  thaô 
thå  BBÓ displayó tï yoõ thaô helpó  re
minä  yoõ  wherå  yoen¬ bå 
surå  tï  notifù uó anä iô wilì bå  donå 
righô away)®  É shoulä alsï mentioî thaô 
iæ yoõ arå á membeò oæ thå ADAM-LINË  oæ 
Utaè user'ó group¬  bå surå tï notifù uó 
bù  leavinç  á messagå iî  thå  feedbacë 
area®  Upoî  verification¬  youò  accesó 
leveì  wilì  theî bå raiseä tï á  membeò 
statuó (allowinç yoõ morå accesó tï  thå 
BBS).

Remembeò eacè timå yoõ geô readù tï calì 
thå  BBS¬  Tï  havå youò accounô  £  anä 
Passworä  readù  sï  thaô  yoõ  caî  geô 
logged-oî  withouô waablå tï  yoõ 
anä seå whaô yoõ caî discover¡ Iî futurå 
Telecommunicationó  workshops¬  wå  wilì 
discusó  thå  manù  otheò  featureó  anä 
optionó  thaô arå availablå througè  thå 
SLÃ ADAM-LINË BBS...
YSGEN  COMTECH    WSPBUNSCR   COM)ís¨1©•	Í:æ2‰	÷	ÍÍtÍa<(î~æßþA?0æþE0â2‡2	ÖAO2‡	!O®!¤	_~2ˆ	;#¯ü<> üã	ÍÍtÍa<(îT]þ: æßþA?0ÆþQ0ÂÖA<2;##<~#þ. :Œ	<(C>ÿ2Œ	5þ 8µþ98þ@8­þ^8
þ`8¥æßþ_(Ÿ(Ì~å  longer)®  Nexô  yoõ arå askeä  foò 
youò password® Enteò iô anä presó RETURÎ 
(remember¬  yoõ wilì seå X'ó printeä  oî 
youò  screeî eacè timå yoõ enteò á pass
worä character)®  Thå computeò wilì theî Š.po 51















Verifù  tï  makå surå yoõ  havå  entereä 
everythinç correct®  Iæ yoõ haven't¬ yoõ 
wilì  bå askeä tï trù agaiî (checë  whaô 
youò passworä anä accounô £ arå supposeä 
tï  bå anä trù agaiî -- remembeò  tï  bå 
careful)® Iæ yoõ havå entereä everythinç 
corre.pl 59
.mt 0
.mb 0
.op
.po 4
..TELECOMMUNICATIONS WORKSHOP















  Usinç thå SLÃ ADAM-LINË BBS
           (Part 2)
        By Alan Neeley
@
Iî parô ± oæ thió serieó oæ articles¬ wå 
talkeä  abouô  ho÷ tï 'log-on§ aó á  ne÷ 
useò  bù goinç througè thå newuseò  pro
cesó anä creatinç aî accounô sï thaô yoõ 
caî geô bacë oî iî thå future®  Oncå yoõ 
havå createä thió account¬  á SYSOÐ wilì 
sooî  upgradå youò statuó tï  aî  activå 
accesó leveì (iæ thió doesn'ô happõ  arå  iî  thå  BBÓ 
system®   Wheî   yoõ  seå  thå  TC/MAINº 
prompt¬  yoõ  wilì kno÷ thaô yoõ arå  iî 
thå  'center§ oæ thå  BBÓ  system®  Froí 
literallù anù prompô througè ouô thå BBÓ 
system¬  yoõ  caî calì uð á menõ  oæ op
tionó  availablå tï yoõ bù enterinç á  ¿ 
followeä  bù RETURÎ (ne÷ useró arå  dis
playeä á messagå remindinç theí oæ  thió 
aô  firsô  -- buô lateò oî thió  messagå 
wilì nï longeò bå displayed).

Gï aheaä anä experimenô witè thå variouó 
optionó  (oò commands© availstinç timå  (espec
iallù  iæ  youò callinç lonç  distance)® 
Oncå connecteä tï thå BBS¬ yoõ arå askeä 
tï presó RETURN®  Á brieæ log-oî messagå 
ió displayed®  Iæ yoõ arå familiaò  witè 
thió  messagå anä don'ô wisè tï reaä it¬ 
Enteò  aî  Á anä presó RETURÎ  tï  aborô 
this®  Otherwise¬  jusô presó RETURÎ  tï 
continuå on.

Nexô  yoõ arå askeä tï enteò youò handlå 
oò Log-iî ID#®  Aô thió poinô enteò youò 
accounô £ (yoõ caî jusô enteò youò  han
dlå  iæ  yoõ wanô buô thå  procesó  wilì 
takþ. :Œ	<(>ÿ2Œ	#(D±¯2Œ	p	¯üÎ	ÍÍtÍa<(ãp	~#þ[(1þ/8Ôþ:8þ@8ÌþZ8þ`8Äþ{0Àõ>
¸(	ñ(!Óñ(~þ[# ö(£( ~æßþA(þH •~>A2‚	>x2o	Í;ø	ÍÍtÍa<(î~æßþYÊþN âí{¨ÉíC	¨	:ˆ	ÍŽ<ÊpÝ!¨	Ý~Ë¿2	Ý	>&2Š	Ýåýáý~Ë_ XË TËWÊÚÍœ< jý~ËG(Íœ<(X:Š	=(WÝåáT]	ëÕí°ÑÍD!p	:o	_ý~G~ý##¸  òÍœ< )ý~Ë×ýwÝ	:Š	=2Š	 :	íK	¹(Ã–¯=ÃB¯É;#ÍíK\x§ y§ =Ã›Å! HýÁ"ƒ	AyË?Ë?Ë?(
_‡‡‡Wy’(GÕ!€ý"8Ñ*ƒ	"ƒ	¯ÉÝåÑ!^#V*ƒ	ë¯íR0=ÉÝåÑ!p	:o	í°ÝåÑ!~ËG(ÝåÑ!ctly¬   yoõ   wilì  bå  alloweä  tï 
continuå on.

Nexô  yoõ arå takeî tï thå welcomå  areá 
oæ thå BBS®  Yoõ arå tolä ho÷ manù calló 
yoõ  caî makå tï thå BBÓ oî thå  currenô 
daù  (thió  numbeò varieó  dependinç  oî 
youò accesó leveì anä ho÷ manù timeó yoõ 
havå calleä durinç thå currenô  day)®  Á 
messagå  ió theî displayeä askinç yoõ iæ 
yoõ woulä likå tï skið thå welcomå file® 
Enterinç  á  Î herå wilì causå  á  brieæ 
messagå  tï bå displayeä  informinç  yoõ 
whï youò SYSOÐ is¬  thå tota 
guidå  yoõ arounä thå BBS®  Remember¬  á 
menõ  caî bå displayeä froí  anù  prompô 
(oò  area© oî thå BBÓ bù simplù enterinç 
á  questioî  marë  anä  pressinç  RETURÎ 
(NOTEº  menuó  wilì varù  slightlù  froí 
areá tï area).

É  wilì no÷ gï througè anä brieflù  dis
cusó  eacè  commanä availablå  froí  thå 
TC/MAINº  prompt®  Á  RETURÎ  ió  alwayó 
entereä  afteò  á commanä (thió waù  yoõ 
caî  makå changeó oò correctionó  beforå 
actuallù issuinç thå command)®  Somå  oæ 
theså  commandó  wi Ne÷ newó sec
tion®  Iæ  yoõ  alreadù  havå  reaä  thå 
bulletinó anä wisè tï continuå on¬  sim
plù presó thå SPACEBAÒ anä thió functioî 
wilì bå aborted.

Continuinç oî yoõ reacè thå centraì areá 
oæ thå BBS®  Á prompô wilì bå  displayeä 
remindinç  yoõ wherå yoõ arå iî thå BBS® 
Thå prompô foò thå centraì areá is:
TC/MAIN: 
Froí  thió prompt¬  yoõ arå  alloweä  tï Š.po 4
enteò  severaì  commandó thaô wilì  takå 
yoõ tï otheò areaó oæ thå BBS®  Tï brinç 
uð á lisô oæ theså commands¬  á que  prompô  beforå  yoõ caî  visiô 
anotheò areá (thió ió donå bù enterinç á 
Ñ followeä bù á RETURN).

        THE UPLOAD/DOWNLOAD AREA

Thå firsô commanä wå wilì discusó ió thå 
UÄ command®  Thió commanä wilì takå  yoõ 
tï thå Datá Librarù subsystem®  Á numbeò 
caî follo÷ thió commanä  (Ex® UD3© whicè 
wilì  allo÷  yoõ  tï gï  directlù  tï  á 
specifiã  datá librarù section®  Curren
tly¬  thå UÄ commanä caî bå followeä  bù 
anù  numbeò  ± thrõ 6®  Iæ nï numbeò  ió 
entereä afteò thå UÄ comman
 BBS      Local BBS listings
 ADAM     ADAM BBS listings
 HELP     Displays Help file

 Commands available from any level:

 F        Feedback to System Operator
 O        Log-Off system
 +        Fast Log-Off
 Ã        Chaô witè System Operator
 U        Re-Read System Rules
 I        System Configurations
 Q        Quit from any subsystem
 TD       Local Time/Date information
 ST       Your current call status

 SPACEBAR aborts most text reading

Thió  menõ ió likå á mað thaô wilì  helðì calló madå 
tï  BBS¬  whï thå lasô calleò  was¬  thå 
lasô  datå  yoõ calleä thå BBS¬  anä  sï 
forth®  Enterinç á Ù wilì skið thió mes
sagå anä continuå oî tï thå nexô step.

Iæ  therå  ió anù speciaì  bulletinó  oò 
importanô  informatioî thaô É  wisè  alì 
user'ó callinç thå BBÓ tï see¬ theù wilì 
bå  displayeä  next®  Informatioî  founä 
herå   maù   includå  sucè   thingó   aó 
announcementó  oæ contests¬  changeó  tï 
thå  BBS¬  oò otheò relateä  happenings® 
Thió  areá ió knowî aó thålì takå yoõ tï  otheò 
areaó  oæ thå BBÓ whilå somå  wilì  jusô 
perforí á quicë littlå task® Thå differ
enô  areaó  thaô caî bå visiteä wilì  bå 
describeä  iî  morå detaiì  iî  upcominç 
Telecommunicatioî WorkSHOPs® Foò now¬ wå 
wilì  jusô  concentratå oî whaô  caî  bå 
donå  froí  thå  TC/MAINº  prompô  (alsï Š.po 51
knowî aó thå MAIÎ oò CENTRAÌ  area)®  Iô 
shoulä  bå noteä thaô wheî visitinç  anù 
oæ thå differenô areaó availablå througè 
thió BBS¬ yoõ wilì neeä tï returî tï thå 
TC/MAINºstioî 
marë  (?© caî bå entereä followeä  bù  á 
RETURN®  Enterinç thió commanä afteò thå 
TC/MAINº  prompt¬ wilì causå thå follow
inç menõ tï bå displayed:

 A-NET BBS v4.0 Subsystems & Options:

 UD, UDx  Data Library subsystem
 B, Bx    Public Message subsystem
 M        Private Mail subsystem
 G, Gx    General Bulletin files
 P, Px    Other subsystems (special)
 SM       System Maintenance
 E        Terminal Parameters Editor
 PW       Change your PASSWORD
 W        The Electronic Walld¬  thå  useò 
ió takeî tï sectioî 1®  Thå Datá Librarù 
ió  aî  areá oæ thå BBÓ wherå  yoõ  wilì 
finä  programó  anä  fileó thaô  caî  bå 
downloadeä bù youò computeò sï thaô  yoõ 
caî makå uså oæ them®  Thió areá wilì bå 
discusseä   iî  greateò  detaiì  iî   aî 
upcominç issue.

        The PUBLIC MESSAGE AREA

Thå  Â  commanä takeó yoõ tï thå  Publiã 
Messagå Subsystem® Thió commanä caî alsï 
bå followeä bù á numbeò sï thaô yoõ  caî 
gï  directlù  tï á specifiã  sectioî  oæ 
thaô area®  alsï aborô thå readinç oæ  theså 
texô  fileó bù pressinç thå SPACEBAÒ  aô 
anù   timå   (likå  mosô  otheò   placeó 
throughouô thå BBS).

Yoõ dï havå á fe÷ otheò commandó  avail
ablå  tï  yoõ whilå iî thå Generaì  Bul
letiî  areá (remembeò tï uså thå '?§  tï 
seå  á menu)®  Thå Ñ commanä ió useä  tï 
Quiô   thió  areá  anä  returî  tï   thå 
TC/MAINº  prompt® Thå Ì commanä re-Listó 
thå filenameó thaô yoõ havå availablå tï 
you®  Thå  Á commanä ió useä tï Adä  en
trieó  tï thió areá anä  cIL AREA

Thå  Í  commanä  ió useä tï geô  tï  thå 
Privatå Maiì subsystem® Anù useò whï haó 
aî  activå accounô througè thió BBÓ  haó 
theiò owî privatå mailboø iî thió  area® 
Eacè  useò ió notifieä iæ theù havå  anù 
maiì  waitinç  wheî firsô logging-oî  tï 
thå BBÓ (yoõ arå notifieä iî thå welcomå 
area)®  Iæ yoõ havå maiì waiting¬ simplù 
enteò  thå Í commanä froí  thå  TC/MAINº 
prompô (yoõ musô makå surå iô ió entereä 
froí  thió prompt© anä yoõ wilì bå takeî Š.po 4
tï thå maiì area® OncNº prompô aó welì (É havå jusô 
includeä  theí herå tï givå yoõ aî  ideá Š.po 51
oæ  whaô thió areá ió useä for)®  É plaî 
tï creatå somå speciaì gamå sectionó  iî 
thå   futurå   anä  theù   wilì   becomå 
availablå througè thió area.

Onå prograí availablå herå ió calleä thå 
Disë  Utilities®  Thió prograí neeä  noô 
ordinarilù  bå  ruî  unlesó yoõ  geô  aî 
ERROÒ  ¹ statemenô anywherå iî thå  BBS® 
Whaô thió prograí doeó ió cleaò ouô  alì 
thå  deleteä fileó oî thå systeí disë sï 
thaô therlevel®  Onå filå thaô ió locateä iî thió 
areá containó speciaì bargaiî priceó  oî 
ADAÍ  productó  (availablå onlù  iæ  yoõ 
reaä thå filå oî thå BBS)® Iô ió wiså tï 
checë  iî oî thió areá froí timå tï timå 
tï seå iæ anythinç ió new® 

Wheî iî thå G± area¬ thå prompô yoõ wilì 
seå  ió "G1:¢ Upoî firsô  enterinç  thió 
areá  á  lisô oæ filenameó availablå  tï 
yoõ wilì bå displayed®  Yoõ caî reaä anù 
oæ  thå  fileó bù  enterinç  thå  numbeò 
showî  nexô  tï iô anä pressinç  RETURN® 
Yoõ caî Currently¬ anù numbeò ± thrõ 
¶  wilì  geô yoõ tï thå desireä  sectioî 
(provideä  yoõ havå thå  correcô  accesó 
level)®  Thå  Publiã  Messagå areá ió  á 
placå  wherå  informatioî ió  shareä  bù 
ADAÍ  useró alì acrosó thå  country®  Bå 
surå  yoõ visiô thió areá anä makå  youò 
presencå  known®  Yoõ wilì finä mosô  oæ 
thå  messageó thaô caî bå reaä herå  arå 
verù helpfuì anä educational®  Thió areá 
toï  wilì alsï bå discusseä  iî  greateò 
detaiì iî aî upcominç issue.

             The MAurrentlù  onlù 
SYSOP'ó  caî dï thió correctlù sï pleaså 
don'ô trù tï uså thió command.

        The SPECIAL PROGRAM AREA

Thió   areá  ió  accesseä  witè  thå   Ð 
command® Thió commanä ió verù similaò tï 
thå  Ç  commanä sï É wilì  onlù  brieflù 
definå thå differences® 

Thå  Speciaì  Prograí areá  ió  aî  areá 
whicè   allowó  yoõ  tï  accesó  ne÷  oò 
speciaì areaó oæ thå BBS®  Somå oæ theså 
areaó  wilì  alsï  havå  aî  appropriatå 
commanä  thaô wilì takå yoõ  therå  froí 
thå TC/MAIå iî thå maiì area¬ 
jusô presó RETURÎ anä youò maiì wilì  bå 
displayed®  Thió  areá alsï haó á loô oæ 
otheò  optionó anä iô wilì bå  discusseä 
morå iî thå future.

       The GENERAL BULLETIN FILES

Thió areá ió accesseä bù enterinç thå  Ç 
command®  Herå  yoõ wilì finä TEXÔ fileó 
thaô  contaiî generaì  typå  informatioî 
thaô  ió meanô tï bå shareä witè alì thå 
users® Somå fileó wilì requirå á certaiî 
accesó  leveì anä won'ô bå displayeä  tï 
thoså  whï  don'ô havå  thå  appropriatå 
å wilì bå enougè spacå tï  con
tinuå  on®  Wheî thió prograí ió ruî yoõ 
wilì  seå nothinç  happening®  Yoõ  wilì 
jusô  havå tï siô bacë anä waiô untiì iô 
haó completeä itó job.

      The SYSTEM MAINTENANCE AREA

Thió areá caî noô bå accesseä unlesó yoõ 
havå  aî  accesó  leveì  oæ  1°   (SYSOÐ 
status)®  Thereforå  É wilì noô gï  intï 
detaiì oæ thió area® É wilì jusô leô yoõ 
kno÷ thaô thió ió thå areá wherå á SYSOÐ 
caî checë oî thå statuó oæ thå BBS¬ reaä 
FEEDBACË anä LOÇ files¬ anä o All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any sou  ió 
wiså  tï  changå iô froí  timå  tï  timå 
especiallù  iæ  yoõ thinë  thaô  someonå 
elså  mighô kno÷ it®  Remember¬  yoõ arå 
responsiblå  foò whateveò ió donå  undeò 
youò accounô sï ONLÙ YOÕ shoulä uså it.

Oncå  thió commanä ió entered¬  yoõ  arå 
askeä  tï enteò thå ne÷  PASSWORÄ  (youò 
PASSWORÄ  musô bå aô leasô ´  characteró 
long)®  Enteò  iô anä presó RETURN®  Yoõ 
wilì theî bå askeä tï enteò iô agaiî  tï 
makå  surå  thå computeò haó  iô  right® 
Afteò yoõ havå entereä iô á seco All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.  theò thingó 
thaô SYSOPó arå supposeä tï do.

     The TERMINAL PARAMETERS EDITOR

Thå  Å  commanä takeó yoõ tï thió  area® 
Currently¬  alì thió areá doeó ió  allo÷ 
yoõ  tï  seô characteò displaù tï  UPPEÒ 
CASÅ ONLÙ oò tï Normaì Mode®  É hopå  tï 
makå  otheò  optionó availablå  iî  thió 
areá  iî thå futurå sucè aó linå  lengtè 
parameteró  foò differenô typå  terminaì 
displays.

             The PW COMMAND

Thió  commanä allowó yoõ tï changå  youò 
PASSWORÄ  foò  securitù reasons®  IôI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.  nä time¬ 
thå changå ió instantlù made®  Makå surå 
thaô  yoõ  makå  notå  oæ  thå  PASSWORÄ 
change!Š.po 4
                The WALL

Thå  × commanä takeó yoõ tï á kindá uni
quå areá oæ thå BBS®  Herå user'ó inter
acô witè eacè otheò bù leavinç onå  linå 
messages®  Thå  thinç thaô ió fuî  abouô 
thió placå ió thaô yoõ neveò kno÷ whï ió 
leavinç theså messageó (unlesó theù typå 
iî theiò name)® Yoõ mighô calì iô á sorô 
oæ  Graffité board®  Yoõ havå threå  op
tionó availablå tï yoõ iî thióI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.   All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.   All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.   All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.   All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.   All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.   All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.   All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.   All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.  îîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîI WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are NO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.  îîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîtîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîî All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîî All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I would not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any souîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîøD@p@DøLsLsLsLsÌ3Ì3Ì3Ì3Ì3Ì3Ì3Ì3È8È8È8È8€€€€€€€€H\H@_P:ú
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ðÐPPÐÐù	©	ùÿüTüÿLªªªêª¬ÿJ®ªªêªªÿ       à| 0`xÌÌx?xxxx€Ààðxxxxxxxxxxàðxx8888?xxxx€ÀàðxxxxÀàðøüÿßÏ<|üüìÌ?x|~?øøÀðxxxxxxxxxxøøø?|xxxxxàðøxxxxx<<<<??ðø8888øð<<<<??ðø8888øðxxxyøø8€€€<<<<??ðø<<<<øð`    (0xÌ8Ìxxxxxøøxxxxxxxx88xxðàxxxxøøxxxxÇÃÃÀÀÀŒ`pøøxøðàxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|?xxxøðà<<<<~~<<<<~~yxxx€8øø=<<<||àðx<<t`    (0ÿmUUÿ¶UUÿÅUUÿ))]P]@uÝUÝWTü8@@@þþþÿmUUÿ¶UUÿÅUUÿ))xˆ€€€ˆpUÿUÿUÿ9ÿUÿUÿUÿ9ÿøDDxPHÆøD@p@Dø0`xÌÌx| ÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿÿ’’ÿ’’ÿÿIIÿIIÿˆˆˆˆˆˆ|ttms and others that utilize graphics.  My problem is, I don't use them often enough to remember which graphic formats work with which programs.  Clip art for PowerPaint must be re-formatted for PrintWorks, but which format works with LabelWorks?  Font sets for PowerPaint can't be used in Printworks.  PowerPaint can save picture in 10k and SmartPAINT format.  SpritePower can save sprites in 3 formats.  Which one is for PowerPaint?  The list goes on and on.  What I would like to see is a reference chart, (all The following column appeared in the 3/90 issue of the 463 ADAM User Group newsletter.THE DREAMERby Dean RoadesEver have an idea and thought it was impossible or just plain silly?  Is there a topic you would like to see covered with an article or workshop?  Is there a program that would be easier to use if you had a 'help' sheet?  In short, is there anything you would like to see to make working with your ADAM easier or more productive?  Write or call with your requests.  There may already be somethiOGO?While programming a chess game in logo, I had things working quite nicely.  The piece chosen for a move would flash, then appear at the new location.  Them I ran out of memory!  Can a memory expander be used in LOGO?Responses to any of the above can be directed to:463 ADAM8522 Hohman Ave.Munster, IN  46321e picture in 10k and SmartPAINT format.  SpritePower can save sprites in 3 formats.  Which one is for PowerPaint?  The list goes on and on.  What I would like to see is a reference chart, (all allowing me to load an entire disk into memory, then make as many copies as I need without reading the source disk each time.  This not only saves time, but also wear and tear on the drives.  BUT - the more speed you have, the more you want.  While making a copy, the other disk drive is sitting there, doing nothing.  You can format disks in two drives at once, why can't you copy from RAM to two drives at once?ADAM programmers, I await your reply.GRAPHIC REFERENCEI have a number of graphic design prograon one page??)  to help keep things in order.Graphics experts - HELP!!From Pat Herrington - MOAUGHARDWARE REQUIREMENTSI would like to see a software requirements chart.  Many of the new programs released will not work with the base ADAM.  Some will work, but not to their full advantage.  I would like to see a concise reference on hardware requirements for ADAM software.  Catagories could include: Required hardware, Beneficial hardware, Recommended hardware, etc.From Joe Alford - 463 ADAMEXPANDED Lng out there that will fill the bill.  If not, perhaps one of the experts in the ADAM community will see your idea and create something to do the job, or at least tell us that it is, indeed, impossible.  What would you like to see?  Don't be shy, hardware, software, articles, etc.Here are a couple of ideas I have been thinking about:DOUBLE DISK COPIES?As a distribution link and Librarian for the ADAM News Network, I make a lot of disk copies.  The MegaRam 256k memory expander has helped tremendously by |	E how you play!  I need a few idea siggestions on what  everybody out there wants to hear about.  I'm planning a     Starter Pak II but, c'mon guys, doesn't it get a tad teMarch, 1990 BIOS CALL by MOAUG CP/M librarian Jerome Hess    (as printed in MOAUG newsletter)Welcome to March!^MOkay, this starts BIOS CALL's first-ever contest!!!^Here's how you play!  I need a few idea siggestions on what  everybody out there whe current listing (rather quickly; you might want to keep  your fingers poised on Control-S in case you want to stop    scrolling at some point.)^The program will then ask you if it looks right.  Just type  "Y" for "yes", then go on to the modification stage.^There are several things you can do now, such as: Print the  listing (the easiest way to see what you've got), Save the   listing, Delete the listing, or Change the listing.^The most important function, after you've printed a copy to  see what yu send a DDP    along with your suggestion.  Disks I've got.  DDPs, well,    that's another story entirely.^Last month I got started with telecommunications on the ADAM via MADAM7.  I also hinted that there were a few extras that aren't quite so obvious.^This month, we're going to talk about the most often used of these, and that is: The Phone Library!^Now if you're trapped in the outback and have only one BBS   to call or Ma Bell doesn't quite reach that far, then this   won't do you too much good.  r to    SAVE the changes.  I can tell you from personal experience   that there are few things MORE FRUSTRATING than typing in a  dozen changes only to find that you've forgotten to save     them.^NOTES:  If you make changes to the library, it's best to     print out a new copy of the list each time you change it.    This will prevent you from calling what you thought was a    BBS across town when actually it's cross-country.^Looking at your printed copy, you will note that there are   numbers or letterou will be faced  with the current listing of BBS numbers in the library.      Chances are this is the same library that John Moore sent me a LONG time ago, and that most of those Bulletin Board       Systems have become defunct, as BBSes are wont to do.  But   if you've got some extra long distance credit you might try  a few of them.^In any case!  M7LIB will allow you to customize the library  to suit your needs, and this is how you do it.^When ADAM is done loading, the program will scroll through   tants to hear about.  I'm planning a     Starter Pak II but, c'mon guys, doesn't it get a tad tedious reading program descriptions month after month?  So what you need to do is send me some suggestions on what you'd like me to write about, questions or ideas.  Include your name and a FULL return address, and if I use your idea I'll send you a  PD disk full of CP/M stuff (please specify games or          utilities.)  Now, the disks are free, but if you're diskless and still want to play, I have to ask that yoou'be got, is to C)hange an entry.  It's really    quite easy.              ^ Merely type ^N C <RETURN> ^MThen tell ADAM which entry you want changed.  Type in the    BBS name (parameters are optional.)  Dot out to the phone    number space and enter the number.  You can do this for as   many or as few of the numbers as you like.  As you can see   from the listing, there is room enough to fit all but the    most ardent hackers' lists in completely.^No matter what options you choose, PLEASE!!!! remembeBut if you are good buddies     with Sprint like I am, then this might help those poor weary hacking fingers (sorry I can't do anything about the long    distance bills.)^On your Starter Pak there is a program called M7LIB.COM, and it's rather perplexing when used by itself.  But in reality, it is a VERY useful program that will allow you to store     many of your most often-called BBS numbers.^Here's how it works!    ^Type ^N M7LIB MADAM7.COM  <RETURN> ^M^ADAM should buzz and hum for awhile, then ys representing each entry.  This is how     that will help you from MADAM7.^Let's say that you use The Midas Touch as Entry A.  Well,    from now on, instead of typing 648-1133, just type in ^N            CALL A ^M...and MADAM7 will do the dialing FOR you!  But, let's       further assume that you have entered John Lingrel's Classic  ADAM BBS as entry B.  If you decide to call both THE MIDAS   TOUCH and John's board, but you think one of them might be   busy, you can use: ^N^         CALL A,B#   ^Mturned on            (foreground) or turned off          (background).  Also note that to    print these graphics you need a dot matrix printer with at least an     8-pin printhead; and, it should be  IBM 5152 or Epson FX (or RX)        graphics compatible (virtually all  DMP's manufactured in the last few  years have this compatibility.)ADAM'S GRAPHICS PRINT PROGRAMS:We have six WYSIWIG graphics print  programs for ADAM.  Each of these   programs requires a Centronics      compatible parallel interfaceœ	, (Printed in slightly different     form in MOAUG March '90)----------------------------------BIT IMAGE GRAPHICS:One of the typical reasons for      drawing graphics I'M NO ARTIST  (part two)      by Solomon M. Swift                                  (Printed in slightly different     form in MOAUG March '90)----------------------------------BIT IMAGE GRAPHICS:One of the typical reasons for      drawing graphiunction is written in BASIC rather than Z80 machine code; but the      program does allow you to enlarge a fourth of the screen to fill the    entire screen and then save it."ShowOFF I", by Digital Express,    prints screen graphics in various   sizes and allows you to design the  graphics within the program.  It    offers design conveniences such as  displaying screen coordinates,      automatic polygon functions, and    easy color changes. It will store   and retrieve pictures in its own    file format. acronym      WYSIWYG (pronounced WIZ-EEE-WIG)    was coined to describe those        exceptional programs that allowed   you to print in exact proportion to the screen images, What You See Is  What You Get.Note that ADAM's video chip is      capable of designing graphics in    both the background and the         foreground.  However, you can only  print one of these.  If you tried   to print both, the result would     just be a large shaded box; every   dot on the screen would be printed  whether it was ^The comma (,) separating the two letters tells ADAM to first try BBS A and then BBS B.  The pound or number sign (#)      tells ADAM to keep repeating that sequence until it connects with one of the boards.^Pretty NEAT, huh?  And it saves a lot of wear and tear on    the fingers, too!^Questions, Comments?  Remember, for best response time,      include an SASE.      Jerome Hess PO Box 678203 Orlando, FL 32867Next Month: ++++PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTION KEYS++++l note that there are   numbers or letter       (available from several ADAM        vendors) and a dot matrix printer.  "GraphixPAINTER" by Wayne Motel of  NIAD was the first.  It offers both landscape and portrait options      (horizontal and vertical printing). "SimplePAINTER" (a public domain    contribution by me) and "IMAGE 2.0" (by Vihn Lee) also do only printing of existing graphics.  Both IMAGE   2.0 and GraphixPAINTER offer        inverse and mirror image printing.  SimplePAINTER is not as fast in     printing because part of the print  fcs on the monitor     screen is to print your creation    out on paper.  With some graphics   print programs on just about every  system there is a problem in        translating the screen graphics     proportionally (dot for dot) to the printed hardcopy; the printed       rendition will be either stretched  or squeezed horizontally.  This can be the result of the graphics card, the dot matrix printer, and/or the  software generating the hardcopy.   Because this inconvenience was      rather widespread, the"PowerPAINT", also by Digital       Express, is, by far, the most       versatile graphics printing or      design program available for the    ADAM.  But, all this power comes    with a price; it costs more than    any of the others and it requires   at least a 64K memory expander.     PowerPAINT lets you print one       screen, two screens (joined         horizontally) for a printed         letterhead, four screens (two       horizontally, two vertically) for a half a printed page, and eight      screenis getting better, though, and   some of the credit goes to ExperType (ET.)     ET is COLECO's original typing tutor software program. It can improve the performance of any typist, ages 10 to adult, and is SmartKey driven    for ease of use.     ET comes on a data pack but is easily copied to disk format.  Placing either medium in the proper drive and pulling RESET causes ET to autoload. After the opening screen you are asked to type in your name, and if this   is your first time, your age.  ET creates yoy design and print capabilities  a wealth of support software has    grown up around it (both utilities  and pre-drawn pictures).  In fact,  most software writers for ADAM      today use PowerPAINT to design      their games' colorful, graphics     screens.  We'll discuss this        program in a little more detail     next month when we take a look at   the various graphics design         programs for ADAM.  Also next month we'll examine "SwiftPRINT", the     sixth graphics print program for    ADAM.reentouch typing lessons, ADAM presents your report card (which will be discussed later.)  Once you are done touch typing, which can be any     time you decide, pressing DONE (SmartKey VI) will display a whole new set  of SmartKey options.  These are: Characters, Words, Free Style, Dictation, Touch Typing and Sign Off.                 Let's take a look at each of these:     Pressing the Characters SmartKey will take you into a lesson where    you will have the opportunity to practice your problem keys.  How dœMf the credit goes to ExperType (ET.)     ET is COLECO's original typing tutor software program. It can improve the performance of any typist, ages 10 to adult, and is SmaExperType Review by Richard Lefko, as it appeared in his March '90 MOAUG   column  (warning to editors: contains some hyphenated lines.)------------------------------------------------------------------------     How's your typing?  Mine stinks!  It s (two horizontally, four     vertically) for a full printed      page.  It also has an option to     print the upper half of a screen to print graphic disk labels.  And     there are numerous options such as  background or foreground printing,  vertical stretching (two or four    times standard proportion), and     mirror image.  Even though the      program offers a wide range of      typefaces and sizes, it does not    have any other word processing      features.Because PowerPAINT does have so     manur lessons, in part, based on  your age!  This is the only time you will be asked for your age, unless    you use another name.  You see, ET saves your own personal profile at the  end of each session!     After you press <RETURN>, ET will go directly into touch typing mode. ET will then teach you where the home keys are, while your instructions on what to type appear at the top of the screen.  As you type, ADAM under-    lines in red any mistakes you might make as you go along.  After comple-   ting five s (two horizontally, four     vertically) for a full printed      page.  It also has an option to     print the upper half of a screen to print graphic disk labels.  And     there are numerous options such as  background or foreground printing,  vertical stretching (two or four    times standard proportion), and     mirror image.  Even though the      program offers a wide range of      typefaces and sizes, it does not    have any other word processing      features.Because PowerPAINT does have so     mano you   know what your problem keys are, you ask?  That's one of the great things  about ET.  IT keeps track of the keys you're having problems with from     your touch typing lessons!     Pressing the Words SmartKey will give you practice typing words that  contain your problem keys.     Pressing the Free Style SmartKey will cause ADAM to choose one of two different freestyle lessons.  The first will ask you to type something off the top of your head (a story, poem, whatever.)  In the second, ADAM       t it was fun!^Jso show your typing speed in   words per minute, AND it will display any keys you are still having        problems with!     Once you are finished with your lesson, you MUST press the Sign-off   Key.  This will allow ET to store your profile on the DDP/disk and it will be called up the next time you log on so your lessons will once again be   tailored to your problem keys!   Overall, ExperType is a well thought-out and useful program.  It can    help those just beginning typing to get ahis information in your profile as well.     Your performance report is displayed after each Free Style or Dicta-  tion  exercise.  It is shown as a typewriter keyboard with your problem    keys  in red.  After viewing this you may choose any other lesson, and     that lesson will be geared toward helping you with those problem keys!     At the end of every fifth lesson, ET automatically displays your      report card.  (See, I remembered!)  The report card screen displays one    line EXACTLY as you typedortance.  After  much hair pulling and re-working to get everything just right...  you are      finally ready to print out all of that wonderful prose for the world to see,   but there is just one more thing that you have to do before print time... get  the coffee.  You spent plenty on that great new dot matrix printer because of  its incredible speed, so why do you find yourself going to get a cup of coffee to drink while your letters print out?  Because you still have to wait for the printer to finish and good start, and I think even     those who type well can get some good practice using ExperType.  In fact,  even if you do type well, you may consider using ET to gauge your words    per minute speed.     ExperType is available from American Design Components for $7.95,     item # 20864, 1-800-524-0809.^IEditor's Note: I did not know how to type when I got my computer and, in   fact, did not believe I was capable of learning after all those years of   hunt-and-peck.  ExperType not only worked for me, bustarts a thought and asks you to finish several lines beyond.  The results of both these exercises are stored in your personal profile.     Pressing the Dictation SmartKey will display a READY or PRINT         SmartKey.  When the READY SmartKey is pressed, the dictation lesson begins and you type the lines as they appear at the top of the screen.  Pressing  the PRINT SmartKey will allow you to put a piece of paper in the ADAM      printer.  Then ET will print out the passage for you to type.  ADAM stores txOrtance.  After  much hair pulling and re-working to get everything just right...  you are      finally ready to print out all of that wonderful prose for the world to see,The following article is a hardware review of a 256k buffer: It was written by Tony Patterson, and first appeared in the March, '90 MOAUG.  Distributed here  by permission of author--- PJHYou've spent the last half hour typing in a letter of some imp it, and it will also show your typing speed in   words per minute, AND it will display any keys you are still having        problems with!     Once you are finished with your lesson, you MUST press the Sign-off   Key.  This will allow ET to store your profile on the DDP/disk and it will be called up the next time you log on so your lessons will once again be   tailored to your problem keys!   Overall, ExperType is a well thought-out and useful program.  It can    help those just beginning typing to get a return control of your computer back to you for another  letter or that great new game that just came in.      ^                            TECHNOLOGY TO THE RESCUE!    A print buffer can take that letter from your computer as fast as lightning    and feed it to the printer at just the right speed, thus freeing up the compu- ter  to do other things besides feeding ASCII values to the printer.  Many     buffers even have a copy function that will let you print a second copy of the same letter at the toucand the printer, sitting on end so that I    can see the light and get to the button.    ^Testing out the unit on a two page document using form feeds between the pages gave me control of the computer in about 20 seconds, now that is FAST!  The    major drawback is in graphics printing.  I do all of my graphics within        PowerPAINT, and this program does not send the graphics to the printer very    quickly at all.  I doubt that there  is any savings when printing out detailed graphics...  but turn thhile waiting for the coffee to brew, I was thumbing through my last (Yes... I dropped it too) issue of Computer Shopper, I noticed a small sidebar Ad for    Printer Buffers.  Two things caught my eye... The strange-looking machine      pictured and the listed price for a 256k buffer, $99.95. The machine had a     button, L.E.D. and cable connection on the face of the unit.  I later found    out that this was the input connection and there was an output connection on   the other side.  Talk about throughput,and the printer, sitting on end so that I    can see the light and get to the button.    ^Testing out the unit on a two page document using form feeds between the pages gave me control of the computer in about 20 seconds, now that is FAST!  The    major drawback is in graphics printing.  I do all of my graphics within        PowerPAINT, and this program does not send the graphics to the printer very    quickly at all.  I doubt that there  is any savings when printing out detailed graphics...  but turn th To reset just press and hold the one (and only) button for two seconds. For an    extra copy just touch the button twice in one second, that is all there is to  it.  The designers of this unit must have taken the day off while the          engineers were hard at work.  For while it performs flawlessly  there is just  no way to incorporate the unit into a system set-up so that it looks good.     After trying every way I could think of to set it on a shelf I finally ended   up with it stuck between the desk h of a button.  So you can print a file copy of one     letter while working on another, or saving the world from the Flingon  Inva-   ders,  and never skip a beat! But then the grappling hooks of reality begin to sink in... These little beasties are not inexpensive.  The smaller 64k buffer  can run up to $120 while a good size 256k can run upwards of $250!  As this    hit me I slowly began heading in the general direction of the coffee maker.^                     TECHNOLOGIC SYSTEMS TO THE RESCUE!     Wis baby loose on a word processing document and learn  the true meaning of multi-tasking!  As a matter of fact...  by the time the    printer gets to these words I will be deeply involved  (and losing badly I'm   sure) in a game of Addictus.   May the buffer be with you... ^              Buffers up to 2 megabytes are available from:      ^TECHNOLOGIC SYSTEMS, 18277 Timber Trails, Marysville, OH  43040.                         (513)-644-2230  ------  TONY PATTERSON February, 1990ck between the desk  in one side and out the other!  But    that price... $99 and a 30 day money back guarantee... and they shipped C.O.D. too.  I was hooked!      ^                              THE UGLY WORKHORSE    Ok, ok... so I had to buy an adapter and another printer cable, but the total  including these items plus shipping and C.O.D. charges was only $118, still    not bad at all.  The installation was a snap and operation is almost           invisible, though you must remember to reset the buffer between documents. œOine from time to time, so that  the burden would be spread out, etc.   The hours, etc. would be upto the volunteers who could make it         convenient or workable for tA.N.N. AGENDA & MESSAGEPREFACE: Due to financial reasons primarily and certainly not due to a    lack of interest or desire, I will most likely again be unable to attend  ADAMCON.  Being self-employed and being a one person operation, when I am not  all groups not currently involved in      exchanges.   d. Support ANN contests and projects.   e. To increase their newsletter production by 5-l5 newsletters per     issue to be sent to random Adamites to try to bring them back into the    mainstream and into active Adam participation.  [SEE # 6 BELOW]4. Encourage BBS SYSOPS TO:                    a. Provide information to ANN on disk.   b. Use ANN information.   c. Call other BBSs from time to time to exchange info & ideas.     d. Support ANN contety.    :)  THEREFORE, I must rely upon you, my good Adam friends to carry the A.N.N. message to ADAMCON and to try to see that much of the A.N.N. Agenda can   be accomplished.   I know that I am placing this mission in very capable  and good hands,  YOURS.Please do your best to see how much of the following can be accomplished  or at least started.IF you cannot support all of these, then support those you can.  If you   feel very strongly about some of them and want to take over the           leadershipavailable to ANN and    the Adam community so that we may try to recover and save isolated        Adamites.    [SEE # 4 Above, each newsletter could increase their         production and send to some of these on Jay's list each month to try to   let them know ADAM LIVES and wants them back].   Encourage Jay Forman to PRINT in his catalogs a page which lists All   the local AUGS and their addresses as well as the ADAM BBSs.  This will   allow us to reach many isolated Adamites and will also let them know   RESTED IN SOME OF THESE ITEMS, CONTACT        RICHARD CLEE % METRO-TORONTO AUG OR MONTE NEECE % METRO-ORLAND AUG        (addresses in ANN.ADDRESS file) and let them know you would like to see   these discussed at ADAMCON.AGENDA:  (Not in order of importance).l. PUSH ANN Subscriptions.  (These help keep the system running).2. PUSH ANN Library Disks  (same).3. Encourage NEWSLETTER EDITORS AND AUGS TO:   a. Provide information to ANN on disk.   b. Use ANN information.   c. Exchange newsletters with      working, nothing gets done, the work piles up and is waiting when I get   back but worse than that is the fact that if the work is not turned out I receive no income.  I get no regular check from an employer but only from clients when and as I do their work.  So attending AdamCon means loss of  several days income.   When this is added to a daughter in college and    the resultant expenses, it makes attendance difficult.  :) Of course, you always could take up a collection from the Adam       communists and projects.5. Encourage Companies, Dealers, Hardware/software producers to:   a. Provide information to ANN on disk.   b. Use ANN information.   c. Sponsor ANN contests and projects by donating prizes, etc.      d. Support ANN contests and projects.   e. [See # 6: to periodically publish a list of AUGS & BBSs, addresses  & phone numbers as part of their ads or mail outs]6. Encourage (Start privately but go very public if necessary) Jay Forman and Ruth Co. to make their huge Adam mailing list  or fight for them, that is GREAT, just step in and give it     your best, let me know if I can help.Try to accomplish these matters in private with a minimum of pressure amd a good deal of tact and sensitivity.  Where that fails do not hesitate to accomplish these matters in a public forum still using tact and           sensitivity but also the pressure of public opinion and peer pressure.    REMEMBER WE ARE WORKING FOR A NOBLE PURPOSE THE FURTHERANCE OF ADAM AND   ADAMITES.IF YOU ARE PARTICULARLY INTE   where we are and where to get help.  [Try this privately but I feel this  is important enough to go public if no results privately]   [See #5e. Also encourage other dealers, suppliers, etc. to print       similar listings in their ads and mail outs]7. For ADAMCON03, I would like to see Chicago (If NIAD will give its      active support) or the West Coast to allow easier access to ADAMCON to    those in the western portions of the US and Canada.   [Maybe I can even   make it to Chicago].8. Encourage aut of the pirate business.l0. CONCEPT which needs developing.   I would like to see $200 raised     ($l0 per AUG, 20 AUGs, money from suppliers, extra $2-3 charge on         convention registration, whatever).   Each year there would be a competition of sorts ,where Adamites        interested in developing software or hardware could put their proposals   and proposed projects before a committee (of ?  AUG officers, hardware    producers, software producers, whatever).  This committee could award     uptoainst piracy.   I would like to see the newsletter editors and sysops agree to         publically name and urge all Adamites to isolate and have nothing to do   with known pirates.   Unless it is felt this will just give them          publicity and put them in contact with those low lifes who patronize such scum.    I would like to see the software producers agree to join a joint       venture to search out, gain evidence against and hopefully put pirates    out of business.        I have been doing thisdea put   into effect at the convention.    It ALSO NEEDS SOMEONE to take charge of this idea and pursue it and    develope it.  ANY VOLUNTEERS ?????? 11. Anothe vague idea which needs DEVELOPMENT and SOMEONE to take charge  of it, AGAIN ANY VOLUNTEERS ???????   As AWAUG and some other groups now have, I would like to see a         HARDWARE HOTLINE and a SOFTWARE HOTLINE, staffed by knowledgible          volunteers, this would be a place where Adamites (especially isolated     Adamites) could call (it wamites.        Interestingly enough out of the first 3 companies approached with evidence of piracy of their products, one did not bother to respond to    me, one told me to mind my own business and let him take care of his own  products but the third was very supportive and cooperative.    Piracy causes copy protection which frustrates all of us as we cannot  back up our own legally purchased software, etc.        Our efforts so far have caused one pirate to give his Adam to the Salvation Army and get oll editors, sysops, AUG officers, dealers, producers, etc.  to cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further they may have a pet project at some future time   and want help from others.9. PIRACY AGAIN.  I know that some of you are tired of hearing about      piracy BUT it does cause concern to our software producers and we cannot  afford to lose any of our software producers.   I would like to see the convention, if nothing else, take a public     stand ag $l00 for a hardware project and upto $l00 for a software project.    They also could divide the $l00.00 among several projects.   In this way we could encourage those willing to undertake development  of new software, hardware, etc. for Adam with some funds to help at least pay for their project costs and perhaps insure them a small return on     their time investment.   As I said I have this vague vision and it needs some refinement but I  would like to see some discussion of this idea or even see the i on my own with the assistance of Dean      Roades. When we become aware of a pirate, we purchase some pirated        software, then I have the company involved verify that it is an illegal   copy, then the pirate gets copies of the evidence against him along with  an attorney letter demanding he cease, etc.          To continue this project we need little known adamites to make    the purchases, support (repayment of expenses ) by the software           producers, and condemnation of the pirates by all adould cost them the long distance charges) and   ask these knowledgible volunteers questions about hardware or software    problems.   We do lose some Adamites who run into problems, do not know   what to do, where to write or call and just junk their Adam.   I would feel we could use at least 3 people on each hot line.   Some   could be dealers, who would indirectly gain some benefit, possible sales  from this service, which is fine, they would deserve it, also any         knowledgible Adamite could voluntoducers, newsletter editors, AUG officers, etc. know  that you appreciate them and their efforts WHILE they are still with us.  Do not wait until they have quit Adam to mourn their less, encourage them now so they will stay.  We all like to hear praise, support, etc.2. Treat each other , All Adamites with respect and sensitivity.  Many    are very sensitive and take offense easily.  Try to be kind to each       other.  Step in when others are insensitive or harsh and let them know    that there are other ine listings]12.  Another vague idea which NEEDS some VOLUNTEER to take it and run     with it.   A combined AUG mailing list.  The membership and mailing lists of ALL AUGS should be combined in a data base  (which one is best ??      SmartFiler, some CP/M based data base or what.  IF CP/M it has to be      usble by CP/M illiterates such as myself).  This would require volunteers to head the project and coordinate things, volunteers to type in the      various enteries, make copies, etc.   This data baseO stupid questions.  All should be encouraged to ask        whatever questions about ADAM they have, this is important.  Rather than  someone give up on ADAM because he cannot do something he wants, we       should encourage questions of all types.   All should try to take the time to answer all questions, stupid or not about ADAM.  We cannot afford to lose Adamites.   For if Lyle of NIAD, Sol of DEI, Terry Fowler of Adam House, etc. had  not taken the time to answer MY stupid questions in the past, I wousome isolated adamites back into the      fold, etc.).  The list would be made available to dealers, suppliers,     etc. so their ads and mailings could reach as many Adamites as possible.  We DO want each dealer, supplier, etc. to make sales and profits so that  they will continue working for and on Adam.   Jay Forman could give us a great start on this project by giving us    his mailing list.ANN MESSAGE(S):l. Let those who are working for Adam, be they dealers, sysops,           hardware/software preer for this.  It might work out to      rotate it or change those manning the hotline from time to time, so that  the burden would be spread out, etc.   The hours, etc. would be upto the volunteers who could make it         convenient or workable for themselves.   If we can pull this off, I would like to see ALL newsletters, BBSs,    dealers (especially Ruth Co. catalog) list these hotline numbers, so we   can reach as many Adamites as possible.  [Comments above about listing    AUGS, BBSs, apply to hotlways to accomplish what they are attempting.  [BE    KIND AND GENTLE OR HARD NOSED HARRY WILL SHOW UP AT YOUR DOOR ONE DAY AND KICK THE CP/M OUT OF YOU]  3. Its ok to be critical but try a more friendly, lighter touch.  [OR     HARD NOSED HARRY AND I WILL BREAK YOUR ARMS, AND STUMP YOUR DISK DRIVE    INTO THE GROUND]4. Cooperate and work with other Adamites.   We can accomplish much if we work together.  Further you may have a pet project at some future time    and want help from others.5. There are N would be made available to those AUGS that participated in compling it.   Any dealers which contributed their own mailing lists,  would also receive a copy.   Copies would be available to others at a LOW price, just enough to pay back some of the expenses.   I would like to see this data base used for things like joint          projects, convention information, periodic mass mailings that AUGS may    want to undertake (Similar to the 1200+ Nov.89 newsletters ST.Louis AUG   sent out in an attempt to bring ld not be active in Adam nor writing this to you.  Encourage everyone, help      everyone, all are important to Adam.6. NO group is an island to itself.  Try to imagine how long you could    keep your Adam functioning IF you had NO access to any source of supply,  questions, information, newsletters, etc. but your local AUG and your     local AUG had no outside access also.   Some of us tend to think only of themselves and their local group. The dealers, suppliers, software/hardware producers will leave tes, work together.ious, tomorrow will be a better day.   Keep off the    grass, do not litter, do not x-ray, fold, staple or mutilate.12. The best part of the Adam Computer and the most valuable accessory    that come with it are the other Adam Owners  [I think Pat Herrington told me that she first heard this from Jim Clements of LAUGH)13. Adam is alive and well and lives in the heart of the (Adam) user.     John Carroll (Phil.PA).l4. IF YOU or YOUR GROUP WANTS TO BE NUMBER ONE, ALWAYS FIRST, HAVE y way possible.  Give them some free PD software to start a club library, give them advice, give them access to your          newsletter to pattern theirs after; allow them to freely produce your     newsletter until they can keep one running on their own.   Let them know about ANN so we can keep them informed.8.  Never turn your back on a Pirate.9. Never give a Pirate an even break.10. Do not participate in the Adam Wars.   Make love not war.  Peace.     What if they gave a war and no one showed up.deas and the principles for which it stands, one Adam  Community indivisible with justice for all,  has been promoted to and is  hereby given the RANK of :                                                ..........................................................................ASSOCIATE EDITOR OF A.N.N. along with all the rights, privileges and      honors accompanying the same.THEREFORE in the future when you see Dean Roades, please be sure to bow   deeply, curtsey or otherwise show the proper respect foTHE   SCOOPS, ETC.  one sad day you will find this wish come true as YOUR group will be number one (out of one), always first (among itself) and have the scoops as their will be no other groups left.   TRY TO BE BIGGER THAN YOU ARE, think of the larger picture, the whole  Adam community.   Work with and help other groups.l5. The sadest words of paper and pen  (or disk and pen)  IT MIGHT HAVE   BEEN.l6. A chain (the Adam community) is no stronger than its weakest link,    help all groups, help all AdamiAdam if they   do not have a large enough market.  NO local group can support these      people by itself.      All groups are important in the scheme of things and are important in  keeping Adam accessories, supplies, hardware, software, etc. available to all of us. 7. ENCOURAGE LOCAL AUGS, the survival of the present ones and the         development of new local AUGS.  The local AUG is the backbone of ADAM.   If a person or group expresses any interest in starting a local AUG,   encourage them in everœO ..........................................................................DEAN ROADES, for his unselfish, tiredless dedication and devotion to      A.N.N. its goals, ideaPROMOTION:A.N.N.  is PROUD to ANNOUNCE that                                         ..........................................................................DEAN ROADES, for his unselfish, tiredless dedication and devotion to      A.N.N. its goals, ill. Don't be so serious, tomorrow will be a better day.   Keep off the    grass, do not litter, do not x-ray, fold, staple or mutilate.12. The best part of the Adam Computer and the most valuable accessory    that come with it are the other Adam Owners  [I think Pat Herrington told me that she first heard this from Jim Clements of LAUGH)13. Adam is alive and well and lives in the heart of the (Adam) user.     John Carroll (Phil.PA).l4. IF YOU or YOUR GROUP WANTS TO BE NUMBER ONE, ALWAYS FIRST, HAVE r his new rank.    [You might want to offer him your first born child, your cattle, or other valuable possesion].Seriously, Dean has been a great help with distribution, library, and     some editing work on the actual A.N.N. disks.   I do appreciate it very   much.Best to allBarry WilsonE that                                         ..........................................................................DEAN ROADES, for his unselfish, tiredless dedication and devotion to      A.N.N. its goals, i a special charge for    certain locals). I've used both and PCP was less per month   than I charged using Starlink.  Now that the Akron BBS is    not operating, PCP seems to be better as far as I am         concerned.   Bob  Blair [I AM USING PCPursuit Exclusively and recommend it to all of you, over starlink.      Barry Wilson]S                          Starlink (he   indicated he was calling a BBS in Boston frequently).  He    didsay that all of  the charges were valid, but that the     special (TELx	E.     202-56l-2475 and should be read in conjunction with my       STARLINK WARNING elsewhere on ANN.   Barry Wilson.TO: ALL        3/20/90  FROM: Bob Blair      AWAUG 3STARLINK GETS ANOTHER ADAMITEThe following was downloaded from the AWAUG BBS, 24 hrs.     202-56l-2475 and should be read in conjunction with my       STARLINK WARNING elsewhere on ANN.   Barry Wilson.TO: ALL        3/20/90  FROM: Bob Blair      AWAUan AKRON event. Steve Major was the Powermate owner          demonstrating our product.  He reported that the Powermate   and the BJ hard disk were within a very small margin of      operating at the same speed (the BJ unit was very slightly faster).  I'm very pleased with these results as we have     never even seen the BJ unit.  The fact that we can keep up   with that unit and still offer so much more capability and   flexibility tells us that we have succeeded in a major way - you don't have to modify CO) charges were too much and he can do better   using PC PURSIUT.  That is two of our regular (long-         distance) callers to cancel Starlink (Barry Wilson also had  an expensive experience with Starlink).  The moral of the    story seems to be that PC PURSUIT is better for those who do a great deal of calling, and Starlink does better for those  who call less.  (PCP costs $30.00 per month for 30 hours and $1.00 per hour thereafter - but did not  reach AKRON, while Starlink charges $1.50 per hour plusdeas and the principles for which it stands, one Adam  Community indivisible with justice for all,  has been promoted to and is  hereby given the RANK of :                                                ..........................................................................ASSOCIATE EDITOR OF A.N.N. along with all the rights, privileges and      honors accompanying the same.THEREFORE in the future when you see Dean Roades, please be sure to bow   deeply, curtsey or otherwise show the proper respect fox	E.     202-56l-2475 and should be read in conjunction with my       STARLINK WARNING elsewhere on ANN.   Barry Wilson.TO: ALL        3/20/90  FROM: Bob Blair      AWAUG 3FROM THE AWAUG BBS, 24 hrs. 202-56l-2475A10025 11:46 Mar-23-1990TO: ALL     FROM: Mark Gordon      SUBJ: Powermate PerformanceBob Blair (or was it Jeff Jodoin - sp?) mentioned a          side-by-side comparison of Powermate and the BJ hard disk at G 3  SUBJ:  Rob Friedman       Rob called me tonight and asked me to let everyone know that he will not be able to join us here on    t                                 switching from Starlink    back to PC Pursuit.  It seems that he just received a bill   from Starlink for over $140.00, including $90.00 for special charges to locations not directly serviced by Starlink (he   indicated he was calling a BBS in Boston frequently).  He    didsay that all of  the charges were valid, but that the     special (TELyour machine to install the         Powermate product.  For all you fence- sitters out there,    how about it?  The Walters Software cartridge should be out  shortly and should make Powermate a dynamite EOS product as  well as a super TDOS product. AWAUG 3FROM THE AWAUG BBS, 24 hrs. 202-56l-2475A10025 11:46 Mar-23-1990TO: ALL     FROM: Mark Gordon      SUBJ: Powermate PerformanceBob Blair (or was it Jeff Jodoin - sp?) mentioned a          side-by-side comparison of Powermate and the BJ hard disk at vax1.UUCP (Jon Eckhardt) writes:
:Now, one question for all of you guys who know your communication
:packages.  What is the difference between Xmodem/Ymodem/Umodem/Kermit.
:Which one do you guys think is the best of all of them and most           versitile.
 
Ward Christensen wrote MODEM in the late 70's to transfer files between
the primitive Altair bus (S-100) micros available to hobbyists at the
time.  The press has since come to call this protocol XMODEM, and the
name has stuck.  XMODEM uses 128FROM JEFF JODOIN THE NEW SYSOP OF AWAUG BBS, 24 HRS. 202-561-2475 comes the following files I requested for those of you interested in these areas.How to use Superzap to make an Autoboot in CPM 2.2

1)  Boot Superzap
2)  Type S and press return
3)  Type T and press return
4)  Type T and 7 and press return
5)  Type S and 4 and press return
6)  Type C and then Control plus I (at same time)
7)  Use arrow key to move cursor to Second dot before COPYRIGHT
8)  Enter any character in that space, then enws 1024
byte blocks to be sent to improve throughput with computer networks and
timesharing systems.
 
YMODEM sends one or more files per command by passing the pathname and
(optionally) file length, modification time, etc., in block 0.  This
allows the receiver to generate an exact copy of the file contents.
CRC-16 is normally used with YMODEM.  1k blocks are a popular option,
but cannot be mandatory because some operating systems choke on the
longer blocks.
 
The Unix rb and sb programs (now suÆÒÏÍ ÊÅÆÆ ÊÏÄÏÉÎ ÔÈÅ ÎÅ× ÓÙÓÏÐ ÏÆ Á×ÁÕÇ ÂÂÓ¬ ²´ ÈÒÓ® ²°²­µ¶±­²´·µ ãïíåó ôèå æïììï÷éîç æéìåó É òåñõåóôåä æïò ôèïóå ïæ ùïõ éîôåòåóôåä éî ôèåóå áòåáó®Below is a recent exchange of messages concerning the heritage and
future of the XMODEM/YMODEM/ZMODEM protocols.
 
--Keith Petersen, W8SDZ - 9-Jan-87
 
----------------------------
Date: 29 Dec 86 19:08:53 GMT
From: Chuck Forsberg <uw-beaver!tektronix!reed!omen!caf>
Re:   What is the Diff between Xmodem/Ymodem
 
In article <2374@psuvax1.UUCP> jte@psuan AKRON event. Steve Major was the Powermate owner          demonstrating our product.  He reported that the Powermate   and the BJ hard disk were within a very small margin of      operating at the same speed (the BJ unit was very slightly faster).  I'm very pleased with these results as we have     never even seen the BJ unit.  The fact that we can keep up   with that unit and still offer so much more capability and   flexibility tells us that we have succeeded in a major way - you don't have to modify  byte blocks to transfer a single file
between two machines.  A path name must be given to both sending and
receiving programs.  The resultant file will have up to 127 bytes of
garbage appended to it.  Without proprietary enhancements, XMODEM
transfers are unreliable in the presence of line impairments.
 
UMODEM is a popular Unix program that supports XMODEM protocol.
 
XMODEM/CRC uses a 16 bit CRC instead of the original 8 bit checksum,
improving integrity but not reliability.  XMODEM-1k also alloter the name of the
    file you want Autobooted
9)  Type Control and I then move cursor to the space (the first #20)
    after the program name you entered and enter 00  (two zero's)
10) Press Control plus Z (at same                                          time).**************************
 
<[chas] STROM> Many moons ago (actually only a few, perhaps 1978 or
1979), Ward Christensen decided that there was a need to develop a file
transfer protocol usperceded by rz and sz) support
YMODEM file transfers as well as XMODEM, XMODEM/CRC and XMODEM-1k.
 
Kermit refers to a set of related file transfer protocols developed at
Columbia to allow file transfers in brain damaged communications
environments that do not allow all 256 8 bit codes to be sent and
received correctly.  As with YMODEM, Kermit sends the pathname to the
receiver, so multiple files can be sent with one set of commands.  To
transfer files, both Kermit programs must be set to use the saild, which is a "sliding window"
protocol, which I understand to mean "allows multiple packets to be
sent before receiving an acknowledgement".
 
UMODEM is a 'program' implementing xmodem (all the other items in your
question are protocols, (though XMODEM was originally a program, too)
so I'll not go into Umodem further).
 
KERMIT was developed at Columbia (My terrible memory prevents me from
properly acknowledging the authors), for micro to mainframe
communications.  At least ONE reason for its dZMODEM.ARC on various bulletin boards
including TeleGodzilla.
 
Chuck Forsberg WA7KGX
 
----------------------------
Date: 30 Dec 86 03:00:38 GMT
From: Ward Christensen <ucbvax!ihnp4!chinet!ward>
Re:   What is the Diff between Xmodem/Ymodem
 
XMODEM is the protocol that was defined when I submitted MODEM.ASM to
the CP/M (8080) users group in August or September '77.  People didn't
like my rather kludgy syntax of "modem sq <filename>" - Keith Petersen
stripped down the program for use on a remotyour otherwise excellent
discussion.  To complete the record, here they are:
 
1.  Ward wrote the MODEM program to transfer files between CP/M
systems.  The fact that many early CP/M systems were built on the
Altair or S-100 bus is irrelevant.
 
2.  Keith Petersen wrote the original XMODEM program, based on Ward's
program, for unattended "quiet" mode on Remote CP/M systems.  That
program had some simple security features and originally used the then
prevalent Checksum mode.  Later, the 16-bit CRC t know the
entire history, but he developed rb/sb (receive batch, send batch) for
Unix, which 'defined' the YMODEM protocol.  It typically uses 1K
blocks, and a CRC.
 
Chuck also cleverly sent a block zero (I started with block # 1 in
Xmodem) to send the filename, length, date, etc (filename being the
minimum).  Thus rb/sb can send batches of files in 1K blocks with CRC
- much more efficient than my original 128-byte record size (because
that was a CP/M sector).
 
ZMODEM is chuck's latest brainchme
Kermit sub-protocol (8th bit quoting .vs.  transparency).  An average
Kermit implementation is more reliable than an average XMODEM
implementation.  The design features that allow Kermit to work in
brain damaged environments make it less efficient than YMODEM or
XMODEM-1k.
 
In early 1986 Telenet commissioned the development of the Public
Domain ZMODEM protocol to provide efficient and reliable file
transfers over PC Pursuit and similar environments.  More information
on ZMODEM is available in evelopment was that
XMODEM was unsuitable for some mainframes - such as IBM, because at
the time, their communications 'front ends' didn't support the 8-bit
bytes, timeouts, lack of "end of block" characters, which XMODEM,
developed for micro-micro communications, required.
 
I hope this overview answered your questions.
 
-------------------------------
Date: Sun 4 Jan 87 18:05:34-MST
From: Frank J. Wancho
Re:   XMODEM, YMODEM, UMODEM, and KERMIT
 
Chuck, there are several historical holes in e CP/M system and called
it XMODEM.
 
Since MODEM was a piece of 'hardware', the name XMODEM 'stuck' as the
protocol name.
 
My original protocol, now technically called "Xmodem checksum" or
sometimes "Christensen Protocol", is the most simple of the
protocols.  It is not all that great - chances of un-detected line
errors getting through are a bit too high.
 
Others added a CRC to make the protocol more bulletproof, thus:
XMODEM-CRC.
 
Chuck Forsberg rewrote my protocol in C for CP/M - I don'mode from MODEM7 was
added by others as well as the ability to download selected component
files from .LBR files.  To this day, it still does not allow wildcard
filenames to be specified for "batch mode" transfers to prevent a
caller from hogging the system.
 
3.  MODEM7 added the 16-bit CRC option and "batch mode" capability.
There are several derivatives of the original MODEM7 program, all
meant to be used, for the most part, in attended mode.
 
4.  Because of the popularity of the Remote CP/M (
8.  The YMODEM method of using Block 0 to send filenames and other
file descriptor information is definitely superior to the method used
by the MODEM7 batch mode.  However, there are very few, if any,
implementations of this approach used, except with another YMODEM or
ZMODEM implementation.
 
9.  The KERMIT protocol is completely unrelated to the "xmodem"
implementations, except that it allows for file transfers, among many
other features.  The KERMIT protocol was developed independently of
the "c domain.
If the transfer runs to completion, it is guaranteed to be an accurate
copy within the limits of the 16-bit CRC algorithm used to verify each
128-byte block of data.  Perhaps the bad press that "xmodem" file
transfers have received is the result of comparisons with obsolete
implementations (see below).
 
6.  Most of the terminal emulation programs written for the MSDOS
environment which claim "xmodem" file transfer capabilities were
apparently written from a very old description of the orKeith Petersen, W8SDZ
Subject: XMODEM, YMODEM, UMODEM, and KERMIT
 
Frank, thanks for setting the record straight.  It's nice to see some
good things being said about XMODEM.
 
One side note: when the CRC mode was about to be added to Modem7 I
received a call from the author John Mahr, telling me what he was
doing and asking for some advice on how to make the program downward
compatible.  It was I who suggested the "C" initial signal from the
receiving end to signify that it was capable of doing Ce" and the "xmodem/1K" data block option.  MEX 1.14 for C/PM
systems is available from many RCP/M systems.  The commercial version
is called MEX-PLUS and tracks MEX-PC.  Both also have a KERMIT file
transfer mode option and many other features.
 
7.  UMODEM was originally written by Lauren Weinstein and subsequently
enhanced by Rick Conn and others as UC.  It is the latter UC which has
been the choice for Unix implementation for "xmodem" file transfers
until rb/sb and now rz/sz became available.
 and other systems
which had the capability to transfer programs with the XMODEM
program), the press mistakenly referred to the protocol as the XMODEM
protocol.  It is unfortunate and incorrect, but the designation seems
to have stuck.
 
5.  Enhancements to the original Christensen Protocol to increase the
probability of completing a transfer in the presence of line noise
were developed by Bob Plouffe and added to XMODEM and MODEM7 and its
descendants several years ago, and they are all in the publixmodem" protocol.  The KERMIT protocol's principal advantage is
that implementations exist for just about every mainframe and micro
ever made, and chances are that someone somewhere is working on
implementations for the rest.
 
All this is not to say that up-to-date implementations of the "xmodem"
protocol is all that great.  But, the protocol is not quite all that
bad as many people have been led to believe...
 
--Frank
 
--------------------------------
Date: Sun, 4 Jan 1987  23:17 EST
From: iginal MODEM
protocol.  These programs use checksum mode only and do not have the
subsequently developed robustness enhancements, especially in the area
of timeout windows and retry attempts.  Of course, they don't have
batch mode either.  There are a couple of notable exceptions: YMODEM
and ZMODEM are two, neither of which has the MODEM7-style "batch mode"
(for good reasons) - they have their own instead, and MEX-PC, which
has all of the MODEM7 protocol robustness enhancements as well as
"batch modRC.  He and I
discussed what should be done if this "C" was not honored by the
sender.  We decided that the receiver should drop back to checksum
mode after 6 tries with the "C".
 
--Keith
 
------------------------------
Date: Tue 6 Jan 87 02:51:50 GMT
From: Chuck Forsberg <uw-beaver!tektronix!reed!omen!caf>
Re:   Recent Protocol Comments
 
A few comments about recent comments on *MODEM protocols:
 
I mentioned the Altair environment of the original Christensen protocol
as a gentle reminder onor.

-----

Welcome to the IBM PC Roundtable.
Your RoundTable Leaders are:
    Paul Homchick (GE Mail: HOMCHICK)
    David Kozinn  (GE Mail: D.KOZINN)
and Charles Strom (GE Mail: STROM)
 
**************************************
**      BIG DEAL RTC devoted to     **
**  Communications Protocols with   **
**  special guest Chuck Forsberg    **
**  author of PRO-YAM, originator   **
**  of YMODEM and ZMODEM protocols  **
**    >TONITE< at 8:30 P.M. EDT     **
********************************XTALK XVI being notably out of date.
 
There are a number of weaknesses in the XMODEM protocol, which is the
underlying technology for XMODEM-1k and YMODEM as well.  There are a
number of widely published tricks and enhancements that improve
XMODEM's reliability in the presence of line impairments.  Other
reliability enhancements are proprietary to certain programs, and not
generally available.
 
One of ZMODEM's advantages is the protocol's built-in reliability,
which gives good results without re    Take it away
Paul

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> Xmodem is a receiver-driven protocol, by  that I mean
that the receiver controls the handshaking, it works like   this.  When
you want to start a transfer, you must start programs up on each end,
it is not automatic like kermit and some other mainframe    protocols.
The sending end simply waits for the receiver to send it    something it
recognizes.

The original XMODEM was very simple, it had a vocabulary of two: an ACK
(acknowledge) and a NAK (neg ack) SÆÒÏÍ ÊÅÆÆ ÊÏÄÏÉÎ ÔÈÅ ÎÅ× ÓÙÓÏÐ ÏÆ Á×ÁÕÇ ÂÂÓ¬ ²´ ÈÒÓ®         ²°²­µ¶±­ ²´·µ ãïíåó ôèå æïììï÷éîç æéìåó É òåñõåóôåä æïò      ôèïóå ïæ ùïõ éîôåòåóôåä éî ôèåóå áòåáó®The following is an edited transcript of the special GEnie   IBM RoundTable
Real Time Conference held June 15, 1986 to discuss micro    communication
protocols, especially Xmodem, Ymodem, and Zmodem.  Chuck    Forsberg, communications consultant, author of Professional YAM, and  originator
of the Ymodem and Zmodem protocols was the guest of hof the constricted development enviroment available
at the time.
 
For the sake of minimum confusion, please use the nomenclature in the
current revision (9-18-86) of YMODEM.DOC:
 YMODEM==batch, pathname in sector 0, 128 or 1024 byte packets.
 XMODEM-1k  == XMODEM with CRC and 1024 byte packets
 
Since IMP, KMD, MEX (I think), and PD YAM all support YMODEM, it seems
there is a good penetration of YMODEM in the CP/M arena.
 
Many ICM PC comm programs claim to support YMODEM, Microsoft Access and
******
 
<[chas] STROM> Many moons ago (actually only a few, perhaps 1978 or
1979), Ward Christensen decided that there was a need to    develop a file
transfer protocol usable for micro to micro communications. He did
this in a vacuum, not knowing the way it was done on        mainframes, and
xmodem (really correctly called Christensen protocol) was   born.  There
have been a succession of "improvements" and frills         culminating in some
real added functionality known as YMODEM and now ZMODEM.sort to myriad tricks.  An upcoming
32 bit CRC option will further improve operations.
18-86) of YMODEM.DOC:
 YMODEM==batch, pathname in sector 0, 128 or 1024 byte packets.
 XMODEM-1k  == XMODEM with CRC and 1024 byte packets
 
Since IMP, KMD, MEX (I think), and PD YAM all support YMODEM, it seems
there is a good penetration of YMODEM in the CP/M arena.
 
Many ICM PC comm programs claim to support YMODEM, Microsoft Access and
o it started out by      sending a series
of NAKs to the sender, meaning I haven't gotten anything    yet, go ahead.
When the receiver saw a NAK, it sent its first block, which in XMODEM
was 128 bytes surrounded by some control bytes.  128 seemed like a good
number because it was the same as the sector size in CP/M   -- the only
micro operating system around at that time -- specifically, it sent a
SOH (start of header) the block number (example: 1) the     block number
compliment in 8 bit arithmetic ember.

<[Peter] P.HANDSMAN> One major improvement in ANY protocol  would be a
'start from any block' I don't know just how many times I   lost a file
after 400 blocks, is this being considered?

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> Zmodem has that capability. but let me    talk about the
CRC real quick.

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> Chuck, we were just discussing the        history of micro
protocols, had got to the introduction of CRC, care to      carry on with
CRC and Ymodem, then Modem?

<[Chuck] CAF> well - what is th if   not: a NAK,
and the sender is supposed to re-send.  Now (big breath...) When we are
all finished, the sender transmits an EOT (end of           transmission), and
that would tell the receiver that was all there was.  The   problems with
all of this were....

  1) the checksum was not too accurate, and

  2) noise on the line could send a false EOT to the        receiver and
     prematurely cancel the transfer... usually about 250K  into a
     300K xfer (heh heh).

It's interesting to notommissioned me to develop ZMODEM.

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> Ulp, too fast!  Please explain Ymodem.

<[Chuck] CAF> well, there are several "levels" of YMODEM,   YMODEM is a
set of extensions to XMODEM.  First historically was the    batch
transmission, with the file name sent in a block number 0.  Next, when
I was downloading files from Unix systems, came the 1k      blocks.  The 1k
blocks are signified by starting each block with 002        instead of 001
(SOH).  Full YMODEM also sends and uses the file l

<[Mike] SCHEINBERG> So CRC is still not official?

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> Ward has said that he wishes he had taken a few days
longer to develope the protocol and not used the simple     checksum, as
the differences.  CRC *IS official.  In the YMODEM doc,     which has
Ward's latest thinking on the subject, he endorses CRC.

The CRC is a polynomial.  Can chas or david help with what  it is
exactly?  If not, I'll try from memory.

<[David] D.KOZINN> It's a CCITT Polynomial, that's about    all I
rem(255) the 128 bytes of data, and an
8-bit checksum of the 128 byte data stream.  The checksum   was one of
the failings of early xmodem because is was a simple modulo 255 sum of
all the bytes.  It was easy to have two different data      streams come up
with the same checksum, so errors could creep in.

On the receiving end, it looks for the SOH, the sector      number and the
compliment, does its own checksum on the data and compares  it to the
checksum byte it got.  If all was OK, it sends an ACK,ere to say about CRC -

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> I mentioned the problems with the single  EOT and the
error in Checksum.

<[Chuck] CAF> Most of the errors in XMODEM don't involve    the CRC, but
the weak spots in the protocol that have been discussed     previously.
YMODEM isn't any better, it's faster in networked           situations because of
the longer block length. Of course, on Genie having XMODEM  in the nodes
helps quite a bit.  Then, earlier this year, one of the VAN packet
switched networks ce that only just now are commercial  programs
beginning to offer CRC instead of checksum, which brings up the next
XMODEM improvement.

Any questions so far?

<[Mike] SCHEINBERG> If checksum was a failure, then why is  checksum
used alongside CRC for XMODEM?  Also, what is the           difference between
checksum and CRC?

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> Checksum is used because it was the only  method
officially documented by Ward Christensen for a long time,  even though
the PD programs were using CRC....ength and
modification date in the header packet.  This allows the    receiver to
throw away the extra garbage that XMODEM based protocols    otherwise add
to files at the end.  Questions??

<[Van] AVFLOWERS> Ok if you increased the size of the       Xmodem blocks
from 128 to a bigger number would the transfer be any       faster?, if so
why don't we do that.

<[Chuck] CAF> With Xmodem in the nodes, the speed           difference isn't so
great.  Perhaps it would be better to go all the way to    aw about the pig's ear and silk purse ... So, I reset to   zero, so to
speak. I wanted to refrain from new technology, so used     basic routines
that would be available to one used to writing XMODEM/CRC   programs.

The structure of blocks is completely different, EVERYTHING is
protected by CRC-16.  Well, almost everything, five Ctrl-X  in a row is
recognized as an abort so one can keyboard a cancel         sequence.  I don't
want to get in to too much detail here, but there are two   types of
headost
effective transfer size and use that as a means of sending  the file?

<[Chuck] CAF> The most effective block size is not always   something
that the programs can divine.  More comments when we get to ZMODEM.
next??

<[KEN] KWSCHILDT> I am trying to use a peek to read a       memory location
to verify the carrier detect on a serial port?  any         suggestions?

<[Chuck] CAF> the carrier status is not stored in any       memory location.
You need to do an input instruction to sample the carr).  The
sender then (in simplest form) sends a FILE header packet,  followed
with a binary data packet containing the file name, length,
modification date, etc.  The length is used for display     only, the
actual file length is that which is sent. The receiver      responds to
this, then the sender sends a DATA header and data packets. There are
four things that may happen at the end of each data packet  (assuming no
errors):

1.  The receiver sends an ACK and waits for the next header

2.  Thee for operation over packet switched networks.   They have
been unhappy with the low throughput users were getting     with XMODEM,
and the 1k blocks of YMODEM were not a total solution.      Kermit wasn't
the greatest (Kermit Sliding Windows) because of high       overhead and
inability of using sliding windows on some types of         operating systems.
The first thinking was to make more changes to XMODEM, but  this seemed
less and less desirable as the planning went on.  You've    heard the old
s ZMODEM, which
gives other advantages.  Next ??

<[don] D.GOLDMAN> On Crosstalk, I have the option of        selecting the
block size.  What should I use?

<[Chuck] CAF> Crosstalk's proprietary protocol is           incompatible with
XMODEM or anything that is in the public domain.  Their     XMODEM protocol
is rather primitive.  It doesn't even support CRC.  next??

<[charles] C.DENGLERE> my question is there not any type of automatic
file transfer protocol that will set the block size to the  mer packets, binary and hex.  The receiver only sends    the hex type,
since flow control (X-on, X-off) may be in effect.  The     sender can send
either.  A binary data packet - one or more - can follow    certain binary
header packets.  Here is where things get interesting.  The sender
sends an initial hex packet that wakes up the receiver, if  the receiver
isn't already running.  The receiver then sends a           receive-init packet,
which tells the sender what the receiver can handle (more   laterier   detect bit in
the 8250 chip.  There may be other methods applicable to    Basic I don't
know of.  I don't know the syntax, but do recall there was  some sort of
in and out instructions in basica.  Would have to do some   research and
experimentation to find out more.  next??

<[David] D.KOZINN> Ok, Chuck, please tell us about Modem.

<[Chuck] CAF> Early this year one of the packet switched    networks
commissioned me to develop a successor protocol to          XMODEM/YMODEM that
was suitabl receiver sends an ACK, and accepts more data        packets without
    pause

3.  The receiver sends nothing, and accepts further data    packets

4.  The receiver sends nothing, waits for another header.

Here's where the "magic" starts..........

If the receiver told the sender it can write to disk and do serial i/o
at the same time. the sender keeps pumping data packets     without waiting
for any ACK.  In event of error, the receiver interrupts    the sender
with a header containing the byIt is
used to protect everything, not just the data, so ZMODEM is more robust
and accurate than XMODEM without requiring Pro-YAM's        tricks. next?

<[don] D.GOLDMAN> since the block size id larger, how is    error checking
affected

<[Chuck] CAF> The CRC-16 polynomial used is considered      reliable for
block lengths up to about 4k.  The longest packet length in ZMODEM is
1k, and may be shortened to 64 without too much loss in     efficiency.
The tradeoff here is speed of recovery from line ge?

<[Chuck] CAF> N is sent to the sender , 0 implies infinite  buffer,
anything up to 32k gives the length before one must force   an ACK
response.

Back to packets... When using 1200 baud, the default is 256 byte
packets, so an error is detected usually within 256 bytes,  and
transmission resumes.  When the sender gets to the end of   the file, it
sends a ZEOF header with the ending byte position.  If the  receiver
agrees, it closes the file, otherwise tells the sender to   go back to
the lastfunction of the comm program that  supports the
protocol also. next??

<[chas] STROM> is the modem protocol description in the     public domain?
I know I have capability in Pro-Yam...  but where can I     call (Modem at
other end)?

<[Chuck] CAF> ZMODEM protocol is totally PD.

<[Chuck] CAF> Telegodzilla runs ZMODEM, [and soon we may    see] ...
PIBTERM and Red Ryder.  Also, the YAMDEMO.EXE program can   be called
with the DOS EXEC function from a BBS program for           implementing ZMODEM
tEM is
very difficult to implement a robust accurate version,      there are a
number of secret tricks in Pro-YAM X/YMODEM to improve the  robustness
(ability to finish a transfer) and integrity/accuracy.      Most programs
are not too forgiving of poor phone lines.  Providing C     code should be
a help, and I don't use any new CRC which would cause a     problem.

<[don] D.GOLDMAN> is error checking the same with xmodem as modem?

<[Chuck] CAF> ZMODEM uses the same CRC-16 that XMODEM CRC   uses.  te count it has received OK. The sender
seeks to that location in the file, and resumes. If the     receiver
indicated inability to do serial i/o and disk i/o, the      sender tells the
receiver to ACK each N bytes, where N was sent by the       receiver to the
sender in the receive init header.  This mode of operation  is similar
to YMODEM. Since a number of data packets may form a frame  (beginning
with the DATA header) there are some possibilities for      tradeoffs.

<[chas] STROM> how can N ranhits       versus overhead
of send CRC more often.

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> still, since there is no ack/nak          turnaround delay,
the efficiency can be kept high.

<[Mike] SCHEINBERG> Would ZMODEM be able to have one        computer be called
and then at one appropriate time be able to send DATA       without any
problems? (Because It automatically sends packets, and      automatic
transfer starts.)

<[Chuck] CAF> On automatic calling, ZMODEM is very well     suited for
that, but that is also a  good byte.  Any questions so far??

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> how hard is this to implement, could it   be popular
with modem program writers?

<[Chuck] CAF> The goal was to make ZMODEM easy to           implement, since that
was the main reason for XMODEM being so popular.  I'm not   as happy with
the complexity as one could wish, there seems to be a       minimum level of
complexity of protocol that will give RELIABLE transfers    and also
accommodate the various environments.  I could counter that XMODransfer.

<[chas] STROM> (telegodzilla is Chuck's dial-in system)

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> Red Ryder?  have you been talking to      Scott Watson?

<[Chuck] CAF> Yes, Scott gave me a call the other day.

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> (Red Ryder is the best MacIntosh comm     program)

<[Chuck] CAF> Note I said possibly.

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> how about the network that commissioned   it?

<[Chuck] CAF> ZMODEM is an application-to-application       program, the
network is transparent to it.

<[tom] TDAOUST> Robus my question, we will get rz and  sz and put
them here if OK with CAF.

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> Are they good on VMS, too?

<[Chuck] CAF> As for VMS, I can't get any doco on the QIO   calls needed
to do the sampling.

I might mention, The most popular aspects of ZMODEM are, 1) Only one
command needed to transfer file(s) or download commands 2)  ability to
recover if a file transfer is interrupted, without having   to start
over, 3) insensitive to network delays, 4) robust transfers and rapid
recovery  receiving data from the phone line, it can't   do streaming.

<[Al M] SERVU> it can be used by XENEX V then?

<[Chuck] CAF> ZMODEM is actually four protocols in one, not counting
fallback to YMODEM.  The distributed rz and sz programs are for Unix
SYS III/V and 4.x BSD.

<[Al M] SERVU> is it available and if so where?

<[Chuck] CAF> The current version of these programs are in  rzsz[12].shq
on TeleGodzilla, and have been out on Usenet.  Guess I need to upload
them.

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> that wasET THEM KNOW YOU APPRECIATE THEIR SPONSORSHIP. Plug them in your newsletters, BBSs, AUG meetings, etc.Mar. promote Ugliest Sysop/Editor Contest.April UGLIEST SYSOP/EDITOR CONTEST.    SPONSORS:  WALTERS SOFTWARE & SOFTWORKS FACTORY SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS AND LET THEM KNOW YOU APPRECIATE THEIR SPONSORSHIP. Plug them in your newsletters, BBSs, AUG meetings, etc.May promote Convention contest.June Convention contest.    Best suggestions for ADAMCON02, such as program ideas, promotional   ideas, etc.  from line hits. next ???

<JOHNCOOPER> CAF, I have all the docs DEC publishes on      VMS's QIOs

<[Chuck] CAF> I could use info on QIO's for all the tty     line magic.
cd $Y head y1.c

<[David] D.KOZINN> Well, that about wraps up the formal     part of the
conference, I'd like to thank Chuck for taking the time to  drop in.

<[Chuck] CAF> ok CUL.

** End **
Paul] HOMCHICK> that wast Schmobust. A program is more         efficient, faster,
more accurate, more reliable but robust?  I had a woman     that was
robust, but she was none of the above.  Hmmm

<[Chuck] CAF> Ever had a XMODEM transfer quit because of    line hits?
That's what robustness (or the lack of it) is all about.

<[Al M] SERVU> is ZMODEM cp/m, dos or both

<[Chuck] CAF> It's mainly DOS and Unix, but could be        implemented on
CP/M. However, since most -nearly all- CP/M systems can't   do disk
writes whilexM                    l566 Wood Lake Dr.                                                   Chesterfield Mo. 630l7                                                  3l4-878-A.N.N. l990 CONTEST SCHEDULE.Jan. promote Feb. ContestFeb. Weight Contest.    Winner Lola Cowan PSAN,         2nd Jeff Jodoin AWAUG,      3rd Jeff Wilson SLAUG.    SPONSORS:  AWAUG (for BJ), SOFTWORKS FACTORY AND AWAUG.SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS AND L my question, we will get rz and  sz and put
them here if OK with CAF.

<[Paul] HOMCHICK> Are they good on VMS, too?

<[Chuck] CAF> As for VMS, I can't get any doco on the QIO   calls needed
to do the sampling.

I might mention, The most popular aspects of ZMODEM are, 1) Only one
command needed to transfer file(s) or download commands 2)  ability to
recover if a file transfer is interrupted, without having   to start
over, 3) insensitive to network delays, 4) robust transfers and rapid
recovery Any suggestions to help make ADAMCON02 a success.    SPONSORS:  WALTERS SOFTWARE & SOFTWORKS FACTORY.           SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS AND LET THEM KNOW YOU APPRECIATE THEIR SPONSORSHIP. Plug them in your newsletters, BBSs, AUG meetings, etc.July Promote August Contest ContestAugust Contest Contest.  Best suggestion for future contests.                SPONSORED BY WALTERS SOFTWARE AND  ??????????Sept. promote WALTERS SOFTWARE CONTESTS Oct. WALTERS SOFTWARE CONTEST.  James Walters will pick out hi   to the Canadian groups, since they usually publish their     newsletters every other month, etc.  ALL contests are open   to USA Adamites for the month of the contest and are open to Canadian Adamites for the month of the contest and upto one  month additional PRIOR to the contest month.  This allows    their newsletters to give them the info early depending on   publication schedule and they can then start on the contest  upto l month earlier than USA.  This allows the info to be   distributed in Canadae or skill, we need a feeling of family, community, group, etc.SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS who help make these contests possible.  Let them    know you appreciate them.Barry WilsonSORSHIP. Plug them in your newsletters, BBSs, AUG meetings, etc.July Promote August Contest ContestAugust Contest Contest.  Best suggestion for future contests.                SPONSORED BY WALTERS SOFTWARE AND  ??????????Sept. promote WALTERS SOFTWARE CONTESTS Oct. WALTERS SOFTWARE CONTEST.  James Walters will pick out hi   to the Canadian groups, since they usually publish their     newsletters every other month, etc.  ALL contests are open   to USA Adamites for the month of the contest and are open to Canadian Adamites for the month of the contest and upto one  month additional PRIOR to the contest month.  This allows    their newsletters to give them the info early depending on   publication schedule and they can then start on the contest  upto l month earlier than USA.  This allows the info to be   distributed in Canadax	EI sent   out on the April  (Ugliest sysop/editor) contest.It is open to ALL ADAMITES, USA AND CANADA, ETC.However since there is a time delay in getting information   CLARIFICATION ON APRIL CONTEST.There may have been a mis-communication on the info I sent   out on the April  (Ugliest sysop/editor) contest.It is open to ALL ADAMITES, USA AND CANADA, ETC.However since there is a time delay in getting informations personal favorite three Walters Software programs, you only have to guess which   ones they are .    SPONSORED BY WALTERS SOFTWARE AND WALTERS SOFTWARE.Nov. Promote Dec. contestDec. Contest  (probably winner of Contest Contest)    SPONSORED BY WALTERS SOFTWARE AND ?????????Please push and support all contests.  They are for ADAM'S BENEFIT and   YOUR benefit.   We need to keep Adam interest up and alive, we need to   let all feel they can participate in Adam regardless of their technical  knowledg and the entries to be received by me.In the long run it probably means a more equitable access to the contest.SEE FILE CALLED CONTESTS.  Open in USA during contest month  and in Canada during contest month and the month immediately prior (or the promotion month).Anyway, I hope this clears up this new contest.   [However   due to the confusion, I will see that there is a USA and a   Canadian winner for this --Ugliest sysop/editor contest      only.r since there is a time delay in getting informations personal favorite three Walters Software programs, you only have to guess which   ones they are .    SPONSORED BY WALTERS SOFTWARE AND WALTERS SOFTWARE.Nov. Promote Dec. contestDec. Contest  (probably winner of Contest Contest)    SPONSORED BY WALTERS SOFTWARE AND ?????????Please push and support all contests.  They are for ADAM'S BENEFIT and   YOUR benefit.   We need to keep Adam interest up and alive, we need to   let all feel they can participate in Adam regardless of their technical  knowledgxOI sent   out on the April  (Ugliest sysop/editor) contest.It is open to ALL ADAMITES, USA AND CANADA, ETC.However since there is a time delay in getting information   BUSINESS:We have been offering A.N.N. subscriptions to individuals in the hope of  obtaining enough subscriptions to make this a direct mail to all system   and do away with the chain distribution.After an initial promising response, NOTHING in rece before, during or after contest.3. In case of ties, ANN reserves the right to divide the prize between    those who are tied, to substition or change the prize or to break the tie in any way or manner chosen by ANN , all of which shall be at the sole    option of ANN.4. Contests will run for the month  indicated by ANN in the USA and for   the month indicated by ANN and for the month immediately prior to such    month in Canada only, to allow for delays in communication with Canadian  AUGS.5. ONLY entri memberships to be paid.For those of you copying and remailing let me know what you calculate     your ANNUAL costs for postage, mailers, disks, labels, etc. to run.  In   the long run it may be cheaper or just as cheap to pay a subscription fee and get the material quicker without the bother of recopying.My initial thoughts (AND IF YOU DO NOT RESPOND thats all the input I will have) are for two levels of subscriptions.   Individuals and groups not actively contributing to A.N.N.:            $ 35.00/yes, etc. through AUGS, newsletters or BBSs, an       additional 5 entries by mailing same directly to ANN (Barry Wilson)       subject to the contest time limits. 8. ANN contests are made possible in part by those sponsoring them and    donating prizes.  Please patronize these groups and let them know that    you appreciate their sponsorship of the contests.9. The purpose of ANN contests is to promote interest and activity in and with the ADAM computer; to give individual Adamites, especially those not inxOthout notice before, during      and/or after any ANN Contest at the sole option of ANN.2. ANN reserves the right to substitute, change or modify prizes at any   time, beA.N.N.  [ADAM NEWS NETWORK] CONTEST RULES:l. Contest Rules are subject to change without notice before, during      and/or after any ANN Contest at the sole option of ANN.2. ANN reserves the right to substitute, change or modify prizes at any   time,nt weeks.  We have a  total of 9 paid subscriptions, two of which I suspect of being gifts or   contributions rather than real subscriptions but at law school the first  thing they taught us was "ALWAYS TAKE THE MONEY"  .Please push subscriptions to A.N.N. and A.N.N. library.  Info on this and prior disks or just ask for it (myself or Dean Roades) and you shall      receive.I would like to get your thoughts on the following idea, again in hopes   of going from chain to direct distribution..........ALLes which are recieved by ANN not later than l5 days after    the contest ends and post marked not later than the day after the day the contest ends shall be eligible for prizes. 6. It is the obligation of the participating groups to send the entries   to ANN. It is NOT the obligation of ANN to download these entries from    BBSs nor to take any positive action to see that entries are received by  or sent to ANN.7. Individual paid subscribers to ANN are allowed in addition to any      votes, guesses, entrir.   Groups actively contributing to A.N.N.  (I make final decision and a   token contribution will not be sufficent):$20.00/yr.Let me have your thoughts on this matter.Barry Wilsonwas "ALWAYS TAKE THE MONEY"  .Please push subscriptions to A.N.N. and A.N.N. library.  Info on this and prior disks or just ask for it (myself or Dean Roades) and you shall      receive.I would like to get your thoughts on the following idea, again in hopes   of going from chain to direct distribution..........ALL AUGS and isolated, a sense of community or belonging; to make adam     computer use fun; and other such good and noble purposes.the contest ends shall be eligible for prizes. 6. It is the obligation of the participating groups to send the entries   to ANN. It is NOT the obligation of ANN to download these entries from    BBSs nor to take any positive action to see that entries are received by  or sent to ANN.7. Individual paid subscribers to ANN are allowed in addition to any      votes, guesses, entri  enlist their support & membership. Remember, however if they do not   want an AUG you cannot force it on them.    Depending on your area, there may  be a local computer(all kinds)     newsletter, as in St.Louis we have St.Louis Computing.  Place an ad   or announcement in here indicating you are forming an Adam AUG and    asking for Adam owners to contact  you.  If you have a local paper    where items for sale or trade are  listed such as Trading Times, etc. Place an ad indicating you are     selling orx-OL STILL HAS GOOD    INFORMATION IN IT.  Unfortunately  some of those mentioned such as BJ and his AKRON BBS no longer        exists.But in general the information is  appTHE FOLLOWING IS A REPRINT OF AN   OLD ARTICLE I WROTE FOR ST.LOUIS   AUG WHICH I FEEL STILL HAS GOOD    INFORMATION IN IT.  Unfortunately  some of those mentioned such as BJ and his AKRON BBS no longer        exists.But in general the information is     to find all kinds of Adam items    but at least they do come & make   inquiry. If your local area has a  Honeywell Repair Facility or other facility that fixes or used to fix Adams, leave them some fliers also to give out. You will have to      periodically replace these at the  toy stores & repair places as they are not going to go out of their   way for you but if you make it     easy enough for them they will     help.This should give you a start as to finding other Adamites in your     area. Be prepthere are  others but these are some we have  tried that seem to work (at least  in theory). First you need to get names of     other Adam owners in your areas.   Write to N&B,Adams Alive, NIAD &   A.I.M. the national newsletters,   ask them to send you a list of     their subscribers in your area     (Zip code, state, whatever you     need to describe the area you hope to serve).  When you get this      list, write or call the            individuals and discuss the        proposed AUG with them.  Try to  es, etc. through AUGS, newsletters or BBSs, an       additional 5 entries by mailing same directly to ANN (Barry Wilson)       subject to the contest time limits. 8. ANN contests are made possible in part by those sponsoring them and    donating prizes.  Please patronize these groups and let them know that    you appreciate their sponsorship of the contests.9. The purpose of ANN contests is to promote interest and activity in and with the ADAM computer; to give individual Adamites, especially those not in wish to buy Adam items. Most of these only charge you      based on what you actually buy or  sell.  Since you really are trying to meet other Adam owners and not  buy or sell, this should not cost  you anything. Contact the local    Kaybee or Toys or Us or other      store that previously s old Adams. Leave some flyers or other printed matter about your AUG and ask them to give these to anyone coming in  asking about Adam items. Many      people will go back here where     they bought their Adam expectingapplicable to STARTING A NEW AUG   AND/OR EXPANDING YOUR PRESENT AUG.HOPEFULLY OTHERS WILL SEND IN      SUGGESTIONS (on disk in            English-EOS) to share on this      subject.HOW TO START A LOCAL AUGOR   DID YOU MOMMA DROP YOU ON     YOUR HEAD WHEN YOU WERE LITTLEAssuming you really want to start  a local AUG and have the necessary background: (l) own an Adam; (2)   independently wealthy; (3) hours & hours of free time; (4) lack of    common sense, etc.  Here are some suggestions.  I am sure ared to do most of    the work yourself, especially at   first. Later you may be lucky      enough to  find other owners       interested enough  to help with    the work load. Now that you have a list of local Adamites you must    come up with something that will   convince them they want to join    your AUG.  One possibility is a    BBS or bulletin board system.  IF  there are enough Adamites with     modums you can setup a BBS for     them.  You will need a modum       yourself, some drives to store the  yourself. Once you are   more established and have a dues   base, it will lessen your personal burden.            FURTHER YOU NOW ARE ABLE TO USE    THE RESOURCES OF A.N.N. The Adam   News Network which can make        putting a newsletter together much easier and efficent.MORE IDEAS ON FORMING A LOCAL USER GROUP  MAY continue in the next    issue.  WE INVITE OTHER LOCAL AUGS TO SHARE THEIR HINTS, TIPS, ETC.   WITH US BY SENDING THEM TO BARRY   WILSON, A.N.N. 12967 Weatherfield  St.Louis Mo. 63l46  Nesops and they share          ideas,etc. freely.           The BBS could give Adam news,      annuncements, allow for exchange   of private & public messages,etc.  It is something to offer your      members or prospective members but they will need a modum ($30-40)    not a huge investment.          A newsletter is another thing you  can offer the members.  This can   be anything from a single page     announcment meetings to a full     20-30 page monthly newsletter. We  have several national and many      yourself. Once you are   more established and have a dues   base, it will lessen your personal burden.            FURTHER YOU NOW ARE ABLE TO USE    THE RESOURCES OF A.N.N. The Adam   News Network which can make        putting a newsletter together much easier and efficent.MORE IDEAS ON FORMING A LOCAL USER GROUP  MAY continue in the next    issue.  WE INVITE OTHER LOCAL AUGS TO SHARE THEIR HINTS, TIPS, ETC.   WITH US BY SENDING THEM TO BARRY   WILSON, A.N.N. 12967 Weatherfield  St.Louis Mo. 63l46  Nented items   are actually new to them.  The     St.Louis AUG newsletter is one     that will work with you, even to   the point of allowing you to       delete their local news, take the  balance of their newsletter, add   your local news & publish it. Some restrictions apply but are not     really burdensome.   A newsletter  is a good means of keeping in      touch & holding a group together.  It does cost money for postage and printing however. In the beginning you may have to put much of this   money outBBS programs,etc. on, a phone line you can use, and some BBS          software.    The Adam BBS systems are either    one called an A-Net system by Alan Neeley of Utah or a CP/M System by Big John of Whatever he calls his  company now.  You would have to    purchase the software from one of  these sources but once you had the software any of the other sysops   (system operators) using that same system would be glad to help you   get yours running.  There is a     great spirit of cooperation among  the syxt we may look at the           following:     PD libraries, group projects  among other things. DON'T GIVE UP YOU CAN DO IT. OTHER ADAMITES WILL HELP.elete their local news, take the  balance of their newsletter, add   your local news & publish it. Some restrictions apply but are not     really burdensome.   A newsletter  is a good means of keeping in      touch & holding a group together.  It does cost money for postage and printing however. In the beginning you may have to put much of this   money outothers published by local AUGS for wide distribution.  The editors of these newsletters are again very   help & will share ideas, tips,     etc. with you. Almost all of these will allow you to reprint parts of their newsletters as long as you   indicate the source for the        reprint.  Some newsletters have    started simply as reprints of      parts of other newsletters,        eventually working into original   material.  Since most owners       cannot afford to get all of these  newsletters, the repriÔ0 Ì5 ×70 Ð609004ANN2ESPECIALLY READ THE FILES WITH ***  IN FRONT OF THEIR NAME.  THEY CONTAIN INFORMATION ON THE A.N.N. SYSTEM AS WELL AS MATTERS REQUIRING YOUR ATTENTION.It is important that credit be given to: Author, Source (User Group, BBS, etc), and ADAM News Network.-----------------------------------------------------------***ANN_AGENDA ***   **IMPORTANT**  A number of ideas vital to the future of ADAM.  PLEASE READ and TAKE ACTION!!  Think what your life would be without ADAM.***BUSINESS  Mark Gordon    (Courtesy of AWAUG BBS)  A report on Powermate performance.WARNING_SL H   Barry Wilson   SLAUG     A warning for STARLINK users that could save you money.STARLINK_I H   Barry Wilson   ANN       Important info for modem users.STARTA_AUG H   Barry Wilson   SLAUG     Tips on starting a user group.xyzmodem   A   An exchange of information on modem protocols from AWAUG BBS.zmodem     A   Edited transcript of the special GEnie IBM Roundtable on X, Y, and Z modem protocols held June 1r following the file name is the file type. 'A' or 'H' ANN CONTEST NEWSCLARIFY    H   Barry Wilson   ANN       A clarification of the time frame for ANN contests.CONTEST_G  H   Barry Wilson   ANN       Ann contest rules.CONTESTS   H   Barry Wilson   ANN       Schedule of ANN Contests. (Including the winners of Contest #1).WINNER     H   Announcement of the winner of the first ANN Contest.-----------------------------------------------------------AdShop.HRP(2,3,4) H Dean Roades    463 ADAM  Th  Mark Gordon    (Courtesy of AWAUG BBS)  A report on Powermate performance.WARNING_SL H   Barry Wilson   SLAUG     A warning for STARLINK users that could save you money.STARLINK_I H   Barry Wilson   ANN       Important info for modem users.STARTA_AUG H   Barry Wilson   SLAUG     Tips on starting a user group.xyzmodem   A   An exchange of information on modem protocols from AWAUG BBS.zmodem     A   Edited transcript of the special GEnie IBM Roundtable on X, Y, and Z modem protocols held June 1in the March MOAUG newsletter.Dreamer    A   Dean Roades    463 ADAM  From the March 1990 - 463 ADAM newsletter. A forum for questions and ideas to get more out of ADAM.DRIVE_REPR A   Ed Jorgensen   Disk Drive conversions and repairs.ET_Lefko   H   Rich Lefko     MOAUG     A review of the Coleco program "ExperType'.graphics02 H   Sol Swift      TSF       Part two of Sol's workshop on graphics.LovHat.HRP(2,3,4) H Dean Roades    463 ADAM  A "I love ADAM, I hate pirates' graphic.POWERMATE  H ***:  (IF this file is on the disk, read it as it contains important information on the ANN system and failure to read & respond where appropriate can mean you will no longer remain on the distribution list.PROMOTION  H   Barry Wilson   ANN       Announcement of the first promotion within the ADAM News Network.***READMETWO:***  This file which gives a summary or info on the other files.  Prepared by Dean Roades of 463 ADAM.===========================================================(NOTE: The lette5, 1986.ch MOAUG newsletter.Dreamer    A   Dean Roades    463 ADAM  From the March 1990 - 463 ADAM newsletter. A forum for questions and ideas to get more out of ADAM.DRIVE_REPR A   Ed Jorgensen   Disk Drive conversions and repairs.ET_Lefko   H   Rich Lefko     MOAUG     A review of the Coleco program "ExperType'.graphics02 H   Sol Swift      TSF       Part two of Sol's workshop on graphics.LovHat.HRP(2,3,4) H Dean Roades    463 ADAM  A "I love ADAM, I hate pirates' graphic.POWERMATE  H e graphic used in the 463 ADAM newsletter for the 'ADAM SHOPPER" column.anet1      A   Alan Neely     ALU       A workshop on the use of the A-NET type of BBS. Part 1.anet2      A   Part 2 of aboveautoboot   A   Jeff Jodoin    AWAUG     How to use Superzap to make an Autoboot in CP/M.Bios_March H   Jerome Hess    MOAUG     Jerome's BIOS CALL from the March 1990 MOAUG newsletter.  Contest, The Phone Library.Buffer_Rvu H   Tony Patterson TSF       A review of a 256k printer buffer which apeared åååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååå