íEíCfÃçü       Initializing Media      to be filled in as speakers commit to making presentations.        *Rich*===============================================================Editor's note:AGAINST MY BETTER JUDGEMENT; I AM INCLUDING ON THIS DISK, A PREVIOUS CONVENTION REGISTRATIN COPY WHICH WILL BE REAL CLOSE TO THE ACTUAL PRICING FOR ADAMCON XIII (AC13).  THIS  DOES NOT HAVE RICH"S BLESSING....BUT....USE IT FOR REFERENCE AT LEAST !!!!!  FIRST DIR  Uªÿ BOOT       DIRECTORY  ØAC13A     ASG1A     ASG2A     €ASG3A     '€ASG4A     6CraziesA  ;ReadMe1stA@€AC13A     CASG1A     DASG2A     O€ASG3A     h€ASG4A     wCraziesA  |ReadMe1stARegisterA „BLOCKS LEFTˆBLOCKS LEFTˆ of disks containing many articles and programs.     This idea was conceived with the notion of spreading AS MUCH INFORMATION TO AS MANY ADAM USERS as possible.  Barry can't stand to see an idea sit idle, and so he was driven to push this informa- tion out to those who needed it most, and to collar a few volun- teers along the way. As a result of the work of Barry and this team of volunteers, today ANN is recognized by many newsletters and bulletin boards as an excellent source of ADAM material and informÌ1 ×64From: "Richard Drushel" <drushel@apk.net> Subject: ADAMcon XIII webpage online        It's overdue, but up at last:        http://drushel.biol.cwru.edu/adamcon13/Start letting me know if you're thinking of coming, even if you aren't going to pay in advance.  As currently priced, it should be independent of how many actually attend; but there are some items (T-shirts) whose quantities need to be known in advance, because they must be made up ahead of time.I will also be adding a session grid, Ì1 ×69The ADAM Survival Guide (ASG) by ANNThe ADAM Survival Guide      by A.N.N.      INTRODUCTION What you hold in your hand is the culmination of months of hard, (yet satisfying), work. The ASG editors, chapter authors, and chapter author/editors hereof have given freely of their time so that you, the reader, could benefit.  Barry Wilson, the principal in the efforts to bring this book to you, had some years ago conceived the idea of an ADAM News Network. This was to be a monthly mailing to subscribersation.     But Barry wasn't satisfied to stop with the success of the ANN project. In the middle of 1990, he had another dream. He wanted to publish something parallel to, but more valuable to the ADAM user, than the 'ADAM RESOURCE DIRECTORY", which was printed in 1986. Be had found this directory to be a tremendous help in his early days with ADAM, and wanted such a publication to be continued, and to be updated and published on a periodic basis, perhaps every two or three years. That was the beginning ofhis own field of strength, and each according to the time he had to impart to this very worthy project.      And not to be forgotten nor minimized in the handing out of honors, are the Authors and Editor/Authors of the individual chapters. Their work has been superb. The level of information, as well as the professional saucer in which they have worked with the ASG editors; coupled with the great amount of time and postage and media expenses given for this work by many of them; cannot be ignored.       Thoject. That was when he got in touch with Mel Ostler.      Mel, having worked many years as a scientist, and having published several scientific papers in that capacity; as well as having written four ADAM books; in addition to having had his own printing business at one time, had no illusions about the amount of time that this would require. But be, like Barry, wanted to produce a work that would encourage ADAM owners to keep and use, in increasing capacities, their ADAM computers. And therefore Mel joinee are quite expert in one or several areas of ADAM work. Some are not, but write here nevertheless, to show you how THEY go about using their  ADAMs.      They all have one thing in common though. They are eager to share their knowledge, (and time), with others.  And we thank them for those efforts.      With all of the personal sacrifice required by each one involved in the "doing" part of the creation of the ASG, two of the unstated purposes of the MG were shown to be undeniably true. While the stated poing what he does best, keeping the lines of communication open. Barry sent a never ending stream of letters, (doing his part to help the US Postal Service balance its budget); he nagged; he pleaded; he coaxed; he joked; he prodded and he pushed and he pulled; in general keeping the organization coherent.      It has been a very time consuming job for both men, and they both deeply appreciate the help that the other has given.      Much thanks go out to both Barry and Mel for their joint efforts, each in  what has eventually brought this book to be in your hands. Barry marshalled his ANN staff and after several months of discussion, decided to proceed with the project.      However, Barry was a practicing attorney, (and not a rich one as ownership of the ADAM and involvement in its promotion will attest), and is trying to put a daughter through college; and it wasn't long before Barry recognized that he was taking on a little too much to handle by himself in editing, directing and over- seeing the whole pre reader may but review any chapter and recognize these obvious facts.      These Authors and Editor/Authors, come from all walks of life. there are school teachers, lawyers and scientists. There are librarians, engineers, paper hangers and 'Mr. Moms'. There are some who are retired, and others who are still raising families. And there are combinations of all, some of, and none of the above.      Some are renowned names in the ADAM community, and of some, you may have never heard section before.      Somd Barry as Co-Editor of the ASG.     Barry and Mel worked in close harmony getting Barry's original list of writers involved, and getting the final chapters organized; and making changes thereunto as need demanded: and generally assuring that quality was held to a high standard, and that all  deadlines were met.      The cooperation which existed between these two ADAMites, was professional, and completely non-competitive, and although Mel may have done most of the actual editing, Barry spent many hours durpose of ASG was to enhance  communi- cation among ADAMites and make available basic information about the computer as well as to let them know where more advanced information could be obtained so as to keep ADAMites with ADAM; there were also two  unstated purposes.      The most significant of the unstated purposes for the creation of the ASG was to demonstrate that when ADAMites from all over North America work together on a common project, (in this case the ASG great things can be accomplished; and thADAM User            CH 9. An Outline of SmartBASIC V2.0 Guy-R LaForest 84.            CH 10. Graphics with PowerPAINT Pat Herrington 93.            CH 11. Telecommunications Bart Lynch 107.            CH 12. A List of BBSs Bart Lynch 114.      If You Are Serious About Powerful Software            CH 13. CP/M for the New ADAM User Tom Keene 116.            CH 14. TDOS - New Power for ADAM - and FREE!                                              Ron Collins 121.            CH 15. Software for TDOS ADAM so that the possible loss of no one ADAMite is not so likely to cause a significant loss to the ADAM community as a whole.      It is our sincere hope that you find this book useful. While it is intended for the isolated and beginning ADAM user, it does have many very useful tidbits for the advanced user as well.      Whatever your level of usage, may this book be your guide through the world of ADAM!      --Bart Lynch      Printed and bound in Canada by Campus Reproductions, Toronto,Ont. and KT Geter Hartzler 165.            CH 21. Z80 Machine Language Programming                                          Guy Cousineau 169.      The Physical Growth, Care and Feeding of ADAM            CH 22. Hardware for the ADAM Ron Collins 177.            CH 23. ADAM Music with a MIDI Chris Braymen 184.            CH 24. ADAM Service and Repair Phil Kosowski 187.            CH 25. Making Low Tech Hardware Jerry Vrancks 191.      The Care and Feeding of the ADAM Community            CH 26. ADAM User Grouer/Title Author Page]                           CH 1. Welcome to the World of ADAM! Tom Keene 1.            CH 2. Nostalgi-A-DAM Tom Keene 7.            CH 3. The Creation of ADAM Phil Kosowski 11.            CH 4. The "Base" ADAM Dean Rhodes 15.            CH 5. SmartWRITER Bill Reynolds 23.            CH 6. SmartBASIC V1.0 Guy Cousineau 30.            CH 7. Software for the EOS Eric Danz 58.            CH 8. Game Software for the EOS Eric Danz 75.      For the Medium Experienced to Experienced at when ADAMites work together on cosmos ADAM projects, nothing need be beyond their reach.      The second of the two unstated purposes has been demon- strated by the great increase in communication and interaction that has been accomplished as ADAMites worked together on this common ADAM project. The success of the production of the ASG has brought an interaction between ADAM experts and ADAM activists, most of whom we NOW KNOW bat some of whom we KNEW NOT. This interaction broadens the support base for or CP/M Tom Keene 130.      For The ADAMite Who Wants To Do More!            CH 16. ADAM-Infinitum (Misc. Information)                                              Rich Lefko 143.            CH 17. The Best of AIM Terry Fowler 149.            CH 18. Handy Information + Peeks & Pokes                                           Guy Cousineau 152.            CH 19. ADAM, Apple and IBM Relationships                                          Ron Mitchell 160.            CH 20. Computer Programming Ideas Praphics Design and Printco, Scarborough, Ont      Table of Contents      Introductory Section of the ADAM Survival Guide      Cover Pages, Distribution of ASG & Copyright Notice E Danz            INTRO I. Introduction to ASG Bart Lynch            INTRO II. Table of Contents Mel Ostler            INTRO III. Important Names and Addresses Dean Roades            INTRO IV. ANN - Its History and Projects Dean Rhodes      For ADAM New-Comers and the Medium Experienced ADAM User                    [Chaptp Needs Ron Mitchell 197.            CH 27. Starting a New ADAM Users Group                                          David Cobley 199.            CH 28. ADAM Newsletters, New and Old Norm Castro 204.            CH 29. ADAM Books Rich Clee 211.            CH 30. ADAM Books, Reviewed Joe Alford 215.      Where To Get What You Want or Need            CH 32. ADAM Dealers and Suppliers Dean Roades 219.            CH 33. Line-By-Line-Ers, (Supplier Ads) 221.            CH 34. Dealer Ads:               designed with special emphasis for people who are new to the ADAM Family Computing System, but it also has such very useful and pertinent information for even the more advanced ADAM.  You will find that the ADAM computer is amazingly simple to operate and yet, because of its very sophist- icated electronic design, it's versatile enough to run a wide range of the very large number of public domain and powerful commercial programs that are available to it. These programs nclude everything from games to home mGraphics (Graphics) 229.            ADAM News Network  (ADAM News Disemination) 230.            ADAM's House (Hardware and Software) 231.            Reedy Software (Software and Supplies) Inside                                                       Back Cover            Greetings from A.N.N. (Free Sample Offer) Back Cover      Special ADAM News Network Free Offer            Special Coupon for Free Month of the ANN Disks 220-221advanced hardware), are available. (One of ADAM's  programs, ADAMCalc, a 'spreadsheet' program for budgets, was an award-winner)!      ADAM lets you do your own programming in "BASIC". BASIC is a very simple computer language "dialect".("BASIC" is actually a method of programming, and is by no means unique to ADAM.) But the ADAM version, called SmartBASIC, is the best of it's time. It is remarkable in that it will usually tell you when you've made a mistake and give a hint how to fix it.     And ADAM is eÌ1 ×68Chapter 1: Welcome to the World of ADAM!The ADAM Survival Guide      Chapter I: Welcome to the World of ADAM!      Edited by Tom Keene      This article, (originally by Jim Clements), was taken from the August 1990 edition of ANN, and edited for use in the ADAM Survival Guide. Jim Clements is well known to the ADAM community. He appears often on CompuServe.  Congratulations, you are using one of the finest computers of its type and  price ever put on the home market.      This Survival Guide is             Roadrunner Publications (ADAM Books) 222.            Practical Programs (Utility Programs & Supplies) 223.            The ADAM Connection (Software and Hardware) 224.            Elliam and Associates (Professional and Public                                                Domain Soft.) 225.            Walters Software (Software) 225.            ADAMZap (Software) 226.            Norman R. Castro (ADAM Newsletters) 227.            S&M Video (Hardware and Software) 228.            Eyezod anagement and complicated business budgeting; and a bit of everything in between.      The ADAM is a color computer, and yet it works almost as well with a black-and-white TV.  If you only want it for games, it's one of the best.  And do you need to do word processing? You'll soon find that ADAM's built-in word processor and the ADAM printer that are part of the new ADAM 'bundle'; are more than enough for most people.  And you will also soon find that even better programs and different printers, (and even ±C±DÒ°EÅ°F—°GN°H°IÕ¯JÏ¯^£`ª¯b{¯dn¯fZ¯hD¯i.¯j(¯Ð"¯ÑÛ®Õ¹®×®ÚC®Ûñ­ßÚ­ä¸­é¬­ê’­ëH­ìö¬îÉ¬ó°¬õ­¬ø{¡þñ¢§¬`¬W¬¬¬å«
±¢·«´«4m«5K«68«7!«8ÿª9óª:Æª;­ª<ªª>cª?Aª@ªAö©BÝ©CÚ©FÎ©GÈ©¢©£_©¤©¥©¦ë¨§È¨¨¤¨©¡¨Àˆ¡ÁF¢Â¢Ãè¡Ä®¡Å ¡ˆ¨‰u¨Ši¨‹S¨Œ9¨*¨ŽÜ§’¥§“Œ§”v§•N§–§—¿¦˜©¦™¦š_¦›9¦œ¦Ú¥ž»¥Ÿ¨¥ m¥¡g¥¢J¥£6¥¤ñ¤¥Ÿ¤¦ƒ¤§€¤¨¤©¤ª¤«Ò£°µ£¹‹£ºo£»O£‹^Œ;ª‹ÀŒ;ª€	Œ%ª€®Š‹ÀŒ;ªŒ'ªŠ¬Œ.¦€¬Œ;ª€²qually at home with CP/M, (or TDOS, which is a far superior replacement to CP/M). CP/M and T-DOS are operating systems. (An "operating system" is a series of small programs that tell a computer how to communicate with its attachments, like the keyboard, video screen, tape drive and disk drive, as opposed to application software which are programs which tell the operating system what to do with peripherals).       Until the mid-80's CP/M was the world's most popular operating system.  There are thousands ofr just-plain- ruin ADAM or any other computer by pressing the wrong button, (or even a bunch of wrong buttons), at the wrong time. You won't start World War III with a slip of your finger or find yourself talking to a CIA master computer is Foggy Bottom, VA. Your ADAM won't disappear in a burst of electric energy and explosions like computers used to do in science fiction films.      That possibility, like the films wherein such things "happen", is just fiction.  In fact, if you do make a mistake ADAM willthat you have already found the most important source of support for ADAM; that is, you have found one of the many user groups or clubs in  Canada, the U.S.A. and many other countries abroad.  (Incidentally, the compilers of the ASG are in no way connected with Coleco of any other company making or selling ADAM products; nor do they support any one particular AUG. In fact all members of ANN belong to an AUG, and very few belong to the same AUG as any other ANN member. The production of this ASG was done solf all of the media with which you are working, both of the original programs, and of the data you generate to save.      Some of the original "ADAM programs" have ways of making copies that are built in; but for more general use, you can also obtain good public domain  copy programs or purchase commercial copiers. Study this subject in some of the other chapters in this ASG, choose a copy program, make backups, and save them for emergencies!      Then if you press the wrong key -- or worse yet, if you havo the  really new  computer users.      -"Hardware" is what you can see and touch; such things as keyboards and printers and expansion boards.      -"Software" is what you usually can't see; the computer coding located in the computer memory, and/or located on the tapes or disks. This coding is what tells the computer what to do).      Now, on to something most computer articles and courses neglect -- one  thing you CAN'T do with an ADAM, (or any other computer for that matter)!  You CAN'T hurt, wreck o excellent CP/M programs available, and most can be adapted for ADAM for use in business or the home.      Finally you may be surprised to learn that ADAM is still a very lively computer, considering the fact that it was "killed off" by Coleco, it's manufacturer, barely a year after it was introduced.      And yet, while it didn't really die, it is an orphan -- but one that needs, and thus far has had, a lot of support.      In fact, the very fact that you are reading this copy of ASG probably indicates  usually tell you, (somehow), often pointing out how to correct it.      About the worst that can happen is that you will lose valuable information  -- [like your 10-page letter of love to your Great, (and very rich), Aunt  Agnes], if you make a serious error.      BACK UPS      Even this kind of loss, though not entirely avoidable, can be greatly minimized if you regularly follow one of the first rules of self-defense in dealing with computers -- make backups and make them often.  That is, make copies oely by ADAM users for the benefit of  other potential ADAM users and is intended to be distributed to anyone who  can use it.)      To get started, let me give a short overview of what you will find in this  chapter.      This article, which will go on to discuss:      1. What you can -- and one thing you can't -- do with ADAM,      2. Some of what software and hardware is available to you,       3. Where, and      4. How to find out more about ADAM. (Let me digress for a moment to explain something te a power failure when you are using your computer -- you won't feel frustrated enough to wreck your ADAM for real with a fire axe. (Remember, the more often you make copies of material you are creating, the less will be lost  when the power goes off).      Having said that, feel free to let your fingers fly -- the best way to learn about ADAM or any other computer is through doing, and now you can do it without worrying about destroying the world as we know it -- or your  computer.      ADAM was manufacttells ADAM where each block of information is stored on the tape, and the location of the first block or the "beginning" of the tape. (See the ASG chapter on Hardware for information on a device to convert standard cassette tapes to DDPs).      You should keep several of these on hand. Exactly how many you need to keep, depends on what you intend to do with your computer. But remember all user programs need to be saved as back-ups; and those back-ups and your own work, (such as letters and lists), are storow in cabbage patches these days.THE ORIGINAL BUNDLE      ADAM was one of the first, and is still one of the finest, "bundled" computers. By "bundled", I mean that it was complete and ready to operate right out of the box. It had a keyboard, a printer; a CPU, (or central processing unit or 'brain' of the computer) and a built in mass storage drive, the digital data drive. ADAM comes with everything you need to compute. You don't really have to buy anything else other than paper for the printer.      ButI mention is really a "second", that is to say, I suggest that you get a second digital data drive. This device is identical to the original, and it is easily installed in the right hand "window" of the Memory Console of your ADAM.      While not absolutely essential, (and it is particularly not essential if you have more than one disk drive "add-on", which drives are next mentioned ), you'll find that having two data drives is a definite advantage in terms of the time and the peace of mind that having it ilms (but those big spools of tape from the science fiction movies weren't fiction!).      DDPs are basically much like audio cassettes, but there are important differences and you should not try to use ordinary audio cassettes in your ADAM. To attempt such a thing will only cause you frustration, cost you time and money and may perhaps cause damage to your tape drive.      Only properly coded and "keyed" DDPs will fit into the ADAM data drive. The DDPs have special electronic coding on them; coding that ured by Coleco, the people who also gave us Cabbage Patch  dolls and countless other toys. It's development grew out of their familiarity with computers which they gained as they developed the  ColecoVision game system.      The ColecoVision game system was the best on the market at the time. (See the chapter THE CREATION OF ADAM for a very interesting insight into the development of the ADAM ).      But don't be fooled! You don't have a Cabbage Patch computer! Unless the very most sophisticated things gred on DDPs. It's far better to have one or two too many than it is to have just one too few.  The second "extra" that you should keep on hand is a supply of printer ribbons. The number of extra ribbons that you decide to keep will depend upon how such printing you do. Probably no one should have less than one extra ribbon, so that if one expires while printing, the other can be inserted to finish the job.ADD-ONS AND UPGRADES      There are a multitude of add-ons, (or upgrades), available. The first that  like the Biblical ADAM, while your ADAM has all of the essentials, they are the bare essentials. ("Fig leaves not included").      SOME ESSENTIAL EXTRAS      There are some "extras" you should consider keeping on hand. The first is an adequate supply of digital data packs, those devices that look like -- but aren't -- audio cassette tapes. Digital data packs, or DDPs, are the tapes upon which you store information. They function very such like the big spools of tape you saw in those old science fiction fsaves you.  A second drive saves a lot of tedious tape switching in some of the more complicated programs, and acts as a back-up should something disabling happen to your original data drive. If you have only one data drive and it dies, (and they do die from time to time!), due to wear or malfunction; you are left with an unfinished task, and no way to save what you have done; and you have a computer that is little more than an electronic-age paper weight.      With two tape drives you can keep right on comanufactured they can sometimes be found at very reasonable prices through friends, neighborhood bulletin boards such as those at grocery or corner stores or flea markets and yard sales.      NEW ADAM HARDWARE COMPANIES      When Coleco left ADAM "abandoned in the Cabbage Patch", other manufacturers moved in to play "mother to the orphan". (That theme might make a good movie). Most, if not all, are in the list of ADAM SUPPLIERS in another chapter of this ASG. Some of these, such as Orphanware in Ohio, haufactured a number of computer devices such as an excellent 300 Baud modem called ADAMLink and an automatic dialer for use with your phone.  Since the advent of regular phones with number memories, the auto dialer is little more than an interesting toy but the included address book program that goes with it is superior.      ADAMLink, the modem, can open the world of computing to your ADAM, from the obtaining of information on ADAM itself to personal banking, from "talking" to a friend's computer down the a Drive, for anyone with an ADAM; and the obtaining of such should be seriously considered.      First, a disk drive is much faster and more convenient than Digital Data Pack (the tape) drives, so much so that it is difficult to comprehend without seeing one in action.      Second, because disk drives use inexpensive and commonly available computer diskettes, they can ultimately save you money as the much more expensive Digital Data Packs become more difficult to obtain. But since the advent of hardware wr similar to those used in game arcades      2. A Super Controller for use with certain games      3. A steering device for driving games, and      4. An expansion module which allows you to play Atari 2600          and other game cartridges on your ADAM.      Like the data drives, they were only manufactured by Coleco, and are not being made by anyone else. Depending upon your needs you might consider obtaining any one, or all of these items, should they become available.   Because they are no longer mputing with hardly more than a pause for the appropriate, (or inappropriate, depending on your viewpoint on the subjects of etiquette, religion, "coothness", etc.), curses and blasphemes.      Remember to that only Coleco manufactured data drives, there is no other source. They were a very sophisticated device, and no one else has even attempted to replace their manufacture. So if you should see one it may be wise to get it quickly, you may not have the luxury of "second" thoughts!      --Coleco also manve been particularly supportive of ADAM users in every way from new and innovative hardware and software to answering elementary questions about ADAM (the same questions were asked and answered, OVER and OVER and OVER!!!).      These companies and AUG user groups are the best sources of new ADAM products. Through them you can get such items as: --Disk drives. These were originally manufactured by Coleco but are now made and/or upgraded by others.  Disk drives offer two major advantages over the Digital Datstreet to accessing massive information companies such as CompuServe Information Services, or perhaps accessing the computer at your school or office.  Like the data drives, they are no longer being made and should be on your ADAM shopping list if you don't already have one. Can't find one?  Never fear, there is a way around that!      COLECO ADAM GAME ACCESSORIES      Coleco also manufactured a number of accessories for the       ADAM, most of them in the games area such as:      1. A roller controllehich will convert audio cassettes to DDPs, perhaps that advantage is not as valid as the first one.  The original ADAM disk drives held 160K of information. (1 "K" or kilobyte is a volt of computer data storage measurement, usually more is better).   Drive upgrades are also available offering 320K and 720K of information storage. --Hard Disk Drives are also presently available, and increase data and program storage dramatically. (For comparison, the standard ADAM digital data pack holds 256K of information,e. Or you may find that you have already caught the highly infect- uous and always fatal "TELECOM-ITOUS", and that the only care is to have a modem at any cost or inconvenience. The added expense is more than compensated by the added speed of the device, (which saves money in long distance charges), and by the added features which immediately relieve the symptoms of "ADAMLink frustration".      Again, see the Ron Collin's chapter on ADAM HARDWARE, but see also the chapter by Bart Lynch on TELECOMMUNICATIONdisk drive by simply "plugging it in". It must be configured to interface with the ADAM.      Disk Drives, Disk Drive Conversions, and Hard Disk Drives are available from several sources, and are discussed is more detail in the chapter on  ADAM HARDWARE      But please be advised that disk drives, like most other available ADAM add-ons, are likely to cost you as much -- or more -- than your entire ADAM family Computer System cost you when you bought it new. HOWEVER, this need not be a major concern, inasmter than the ADAM printer. And they can print graphics -- everything from detailed pictures to different type sizes and fonts.  They can also handle fan-fold or "computer paper" better than the ADAM printer. In fact, they were designed around the idea of continuous feed fan-fold paper. Most, but not all, dot matrix primers can be used with  ADAM. All need a special electronic interface board before they can be operated by the ADAM. These interface boards are available to ADAM users, as noted in the chapter  better). Although they are at essential generally, they are required if you intend to do serious computing with your ADAM. They are discussed more fully in the chapter on ADAM HARDWARE. --1200 and 2400 Baud modems are connected internally or externally, and are generally far more complicated and somewhat more expensive than the internal ADAMLink modem. But they are also much faster. They are well worth keeping in mind in case you cannot find an ADAMLink with which to begin your telecommunications experienc the Coleco disk holds 160K, and  upgrades are available to increase disk storage capacities to 720K; but the hard disk drives measure mass data storage capacities is the 30 to 40  MegaByte range!) Hard Disk Drives are also exceptionally fast. To the new user they would seem to approach the speed of access from RAM itself in some situations.   CAUTION: You can only use disk drives and hard disk drives which are designed to interface with the ADAM. That is to say, you cannot use an Apple, Commodore or other S. ---Dot matrix printers can replace or augment your ADAM printer. The ADAM printer is a letter quality daisy wheel printer. That is, it produces print identical to a good electric typewriter. However it is noisy and it is slow. It is also severely limited in terms of producing graphics. Dot matrix printers use tiny pins to create letters and graphics. At their very best they offer only "Near Letter Quality", (NLQ), printing, (which really looks quite good). But they are very much faster and much much quieuch as must of as obtained the entire new ADAM "bundle" for less than $200.00, and that was for a terrific computer that well deserves to be upgraded.      It would take a lot of add-ons to bring the price up to the quality of computer system that we have. --Memory expanders "expand" the computer's memory; that is, they allow it to use longer programs and do certain other functions, such as offering quicker access to stored programs. They are available in 64K, 256K, 512K, and 1MB capacities, (again more ison ADAM HARDWARE.      When making a DM printer conversion, however, one needs to solve a small problem of maintaining ADAM power requirements. The problem lies in the fact that the power supply for the ADAM computer is located inside of the printer housing which means you must still have the ADAM printer or some other power source such as a surplus power supply to operate ADAM when you add the dot matrix printer.  Most interface manufacturers have already provided at least one solution to this potential dis ASG. A.N.N. keeps a list of active AUGs, and is anxious to connect users to User Groups. A.N.N. recognizes that healthy user groups are the key to ADAM survival and continued growth. Contact an A.N.N. member listed in the chapter IMPORTANT NAMES AND ADDRESSES for more information on AUGs, and see the list of AUGs at the end of the chapter by Rich Clee mentioned in the second paragraph above.      Remember that A.N.N. may not have a complete list, because we depend upon the user groups to keep us informe--There are other devices, gadgets and goodies available for the ADAM and more becoming available every day. There is MegaCopy, (referenced above),  which allows you to make your own Digital Data Packs, there are 80 Column Video Unit boards which let you use more professional word-processing programs, speech synthesizers, MIDI interfaces, and more. In fact, much more.      ADAM may be an orphan, bet he's a well-endowed one.      --And he's well cared for. In addition to the companies listed in the chapterght expect, it is one of the most active of the forums for orphaned computers. It is used regularly and you can get almost any information and personalized help there quickly. You can as well obtain the latest gossip about "our" ADAM    Compuserve also has two "data libraries" brimming with programs for ADAM; one in BASIC and the second in CP/M. It is a valuable source of free programs, all are public domain.      --AUGs are the very "meat and potatoes" for the ADAM user. They combine the resources of all ources of information. If you don't see a note about an ADAM club, put one up asking if there is one. You might even consider forming a club of your own if you find there is none but there are other ADAM owners in your area. (See the Chapter by Rich Clee on starting new AUGs).      And there are very exceptional established regional clubs which you can join by mail, which will keep you informed on the latest in ADAM advances.      Probably the best place to begin looking is with A.N.N., the producer of thifficulty, so the problem is really solved before most of us even think of it.      For most novices, the ADAM printer is a perfect place to start. In fact some professional writers still prefer their standard ADAM word processor and printer to much more expensive and enhanced machines. Still other ADAM users keep both printers connected, and address either one as desired according to what the particular software they are using permits or requires, and/or according to the kind of output they desire.      d. But we try!      ADAM INFORMATION SOURCES      --Of the information sources available, A.N.N. is the best for current events, developments, and help; and libraries are good for general ADAM and program information.      --Another excellent source of ADAM information is CompuServe Information Services, for which you need a modem -- or a friend with a modem who also subscribes to CompuServe.  CompuServe is a massive information service in Ohio which has a special section devoted to ADAM users. As you mi on SUPPLIERS, there are a large number of ADAM user groups, (AUGs), in the United States, Canada and abroad. If by chance you are reading this ASG and haven't found an AUG in your area, or haven't found one that is doing the things that interest you, you  can start your hunting in local computer stores. They may know of one. (So might your library, which is also a good source for books on BASIC, CP/M; and out-of-print books and manuals written specifically for ADAM). Neighborhood bulletin boards are good sof the above mentioned information sources and provide them to their members, as the members express their needs.   Use your AUG, and don't feel shy! Many ADAM users are "born teachers", just sitting is the meetings awaiting an opportunity to help someone with a problem. Some of these people are very advanced in their understanding  of ADAM, but at the same time very capable and eager to teach according to the level of the seeker of knowledge.      --Past sources of help, (which help is still available, laAM owners.      (Note also that some articles are individually copyrighted by their authors, [although a notation may not be made of such fact in the article itself], and all such articles are printed herein with their permission).      Cheers from Canada!      Jim Clementsmber all user programs need to be saved as back-ups; and those back-ups and your own work, (such as letters and lists), are storw no longer in business, the legendary Big John Lingrel has left ADAM, [but has kept his foot in the door, just ever so little, and we hope that be will be back]  But there is a great deal of their information in print, that has been provided by them for the ADAM user. Most of it is found in old newsletters, the obtaining of which may be facilitated through your AUG.  -Digital Express offered a superior newsletter and has donated some exceptional software free to all ADAM users.      [Digital Express has g985 Coleco ADAM Users Group newsletter:  "A while ago I talked with Joseph Sheppard and this is what he had to say:      CAUG: Would you still buy an ADAM today?      JS: Yes, I would. I still feel, (regardless of what Coleco has done), that the ADAM, right out of the box, is the best computer for the money. My expanded ADAM, (two tape and two disc drives), with all the Coleco and third party software that I have, in my opinion, is more than enough  computer for me and most people In fact, I was at Honeywll as to those who are more advanced in their association therewith. We also hope that others will perhaps update, correct or augment it in the future via communications to UK, and perhaps as future ASG contributors.    Please feel free to pass this copy of the ASG along to a friend or make it available to others. But please also remember that this ASG is COPYRIGHTED! The work that went into this book was donated to the ADAM  community. It was not intended that anyone should profit from it -- other than ADrgely in printed form), are shown appreciation via these two final thoughts.  Perhaps it is because ADAM is an orphaned computer that you will find many ADAM users happy to help you with your problem, or who may be able to give you program or advice.  And two companies, Orphanware and Digital Express have been extremely generous in their support of ADAM      -Orphanware has devoted a great deal of time and effort in assisting ADAM users, as well as in the development of new ADAM products.  Orphanware is noÌ1 ×70Chapter II: Nostalgi-A-DAMThe ADAM Survival Guide      Chapter II: Nostalgi-A-DAM      by Tom Keene       I wonder what ever became of... Recently I ran across an article that was talking about the early days of the ADAM. In retrospect, it is truly remarkable how enthusiastically the ADAM was received and how terribly Coleco botched the marketing of this great machine. Many of us have heard of the horror stories concerning the first production ADAMs. Let me quote to you an excerpt from the July 1one through reorganizations and is now known as Phoenix 2000 -- Sol Swift is the master programmer thereof.]  -----NOW DEFUNCT ALSO!!!   Although, again, the compilers of this package have no connection with either company -- or any other mentioned in this Survival Guide -- other than as customers; the great contributions made by these two companies to the ADAM community is such that they deserve special mention.  We sincerely hope that this ADAM SURVIVAL GUIDE will be of some help to new ADAM owners, as weell the other day and the technician told me that the ADAM outperforms the Apple, in benchmark tests, for speed and accuracy in computing.      CAUG: Did your ADAM work when you bought it?      JS: I was one of the first consumers in Southern California to get an ADAM in December '83. Of course, at this early date, virtually none of the Adams being sold worked and mine was no exception.  I returned my ADAM FIVE times to TOYS-R-US. The fifth didn't work and they were all out of stock, so I shipped it back cohesive group would emerge.  -Barcroft, who had highly commercial ideas about the ADAM market, moved off on his own and started putting ads in magazines for his ADAM Users of America. He advertised his newsletter which turned out to be that disappointing "GARDEN of ADAM".      Don't get me wrong. That was a real slick newsletter! Probably it was the most totally professional newsletter ever put out by anyone. It was truly outstanding. But the disappointment was that there was never a second issue. I rathet of people point to the bad review that Consumer Reports gave the ADAM as being its death knell. But recently I reread that report and although it did have reservations about its poor reliability, it also made the ADAM appear to be the best computer yet developed (which, of course, it was).      I never experienced any of those problems that gave the ADAM such a bad reputation. On the contrary, I have found it to be OUTSTANDINGLY reliable.  I have never owned any piece of equipment whether as automobile,  don't know that for certain. It was a fairly good newsletter but not as good as  many others of the months that followed.      (Editor's Note: M.W. Ruth, is thought by some to be an       abbreviation for "my Wife Ruth", "Ruth" being the name of       the wife of Jay. Ruth seems to have run the M.W. Ruth       operation quite successfully until it failed to make       royalty payments to authors and manufacturers of some of       their  products).      -The ADAMLAND NEWS of the International ADAM Usoing. From personal experience, I know that our IEAUG wasn't born overnight. There were many private meetings in various homes. They really wanted to get going, but friction and the inability to organize, plagued it for months. Many prominent ADAM users attended those meetings.  Harvey Klein, Mike and Paula Smith aggressively tried to get the great off of dead center.      Bill Fee hosted one group which included Taylor Barcroft, Mike, Paula Smith and Brian Stranahan.  Several times, it looked as though a to Coleco, (before Honeywell was contracted to do warrantee work). Two months later I received my 6th ADAM from Coleco and it didn't work either. By this time TOYS-R-US had some in stock so I got my seventh which also didn't work.  I read that Honeywell was then fixing them, so I took it to them and they replaced it with the eighth one, (It worked!), which I am still using now. But the truth is, I'm very glad that I stuck with ADAM!"  There were a lot of similar experiences by owners of the first Adams A lor treasure my copy of that newsletter. It not only looked good, it WAS good.      Wayne Motel was one of the contributors. It came out in October 1984.   Taylor got his newsletter out ahead of nearly every other AUG newsletter.  -That same month we saw another commercial national ADAM users group begin publication. It was the SPRITE CHASER put out by the No. 1 ADAM Users Group of Cherry Hill New Jersey. The president was Jay H. Forman, and it appeared to be affiliated with the M.W. Ruth Company, although IVCS, TV, Hi-Fi, or another computer that has even come close to the reliability I  have experienced with my ADAM.      There is no question about it, though, Coleco made a big mistake by marketing it before it was ready. But the pressure of the enthusiasm of early ADAM computer hopefuls, (and perhaps the presence of Coleco's financial backers), was apparently more than they could resist.      And the enthusiasm of those early ADAM owners was something to behold!  They wanted so badly, to get user groups gers Group,       located in Lander Wyoming and run by Buck A. Rogers came out       just one month after the Sprite Chaser .      Back Roger's       newsletter was not a fly-by-sight operation and, although it      was not as "slick" as GARDEN of ADAM it was a superior       newsletter is every respect. Very few newsletters since have      matched it for technical excellence.      There has been much said about the incredible claims that       Rogers made for the equipment he was developing. But   ert Wright. As       far as I can determine, theirs was a fairly short existence.      -The following month, February 1985, the Puget Sound ADAM       Network published its first newsletter. They were merged       from two previously established groups;  -The Seattle-Tacoma       ADAM Users Group, headed by Barbara Duncan and the Northwest       ADAM Users Group headed by Valerie Zimmerman predated the       Puget Sound ADAM Network. When the Puget Sound club published      their first newsletter, B   of our IEAUG).      -Another newsletter (also commercial) hit the ADAM       community in December 1984. It was also highly acclaimed,       and a very professional newsletter. I speak hereby of Al       Gerson's AUGMENT, the official newsletter of The ADAM       Users Group, Inc.      Like Taylor Barcroft's users group, it was heavily advertised      and totally commercial; but unlike Barcroft's club, ADAM       Users Creep Inc. was not a rip-off. It was published in       Lynbrook, N.Y.      angely,       Larry joined the San Diego club because be wasn't aware that      there were any ADAM groups in his area. Actually, at the       time, there was another very active ADAM group in this area,       (besides IEAUG), and that was AUSOCAL --ADAM Users of South-         ern California.      -One of the all-time best technical newsletters began its       short life in February of 1985. That was the bi-monthly ADAM       Technical Journal of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. I never knew what       happeat very fine group in Houston, known       as the Greater Houston Area ADAM Users Group, (GHAAUG),       under Terry Fowler and Tom Rutan.      -The third, still existing, club that began publishing a       newsletter in January of 1985, was our own IEAUG. It was       never a commercial enterprise and has never failed to hold       a monthly meeting since that first meeting in 1985.      Also begun that January was the ADAM-X-Change in Wolcott N.Y.      first  headed by Wade Rowley and later by Rob    according to some people who actually saw his stuff, he       wasn't kidding. That hardware was so outrageously advanced,      that to this day, nobody has proposed anything half so       fantastic. All I can say is that if his hardware was as       good as his newsletters, then it must have been terrific!      -The Nevada ADAM Users Group headed by Al Roginski was       formed that month; but I have never seen a newsletter from      them. (I'll have to ask Al about that, since he is a member   arbara and Valerie appeared to be       co-authors.      In February 1985, the ADAM Users Group of San Diego County       also put out their first newsletter. This group was directed      by the efforts of Sue and Bill Askew. The group is no longer      is existence.  It was largely held together by Larry Overman       who lived in Fountain Valley, California and drove almost       two hundred miles to each meeting. It finally disbanded last      year with many of its members joining the IEAUG.  Str(None of these newsletters are in publication today). In January of 1985, four newsletters made their entry into the field.   Three of these are still is publication.      -One that survived, NIAD, was a commercial venture that had       no local membership and held no meetings.   (NIAD, founded       by Lyle Marschand in the Chicago area, still flourishes. It       is heavily committed to marketing hardware and software,        and is not a user group in the usual sense).      -Another survivor is thned to them. The publisher was Serendipity Productions       and no names were ever listed in their newsletters. It did       not appear that it was a users group and no mention was ever      made about meetings. But what a newsletter!! Far and away       the best I have ever read.      -In May 1985, The ADAM Users of Southern California       (AUSOCAL) published their first newsletter. The principal       writers were the founder, Harvey Klein; and Paul Schector.       This group drew its support fed with a       users group was the Expandable Computer News published by       Sage Enterprises. It began publication in April of 1984,       which makes it one of the earliest, if not THE earliest       ADAM newsletter. It is largely written by Darrel Sage, but      there were many regular contributors who were among the most      prolific writers of that time.      Sage Enterprises was also a commercial venture. Toward the       end, their interest turned to the Amstrad computer and very       sillness and died very       quickly. Understandably, Harvey couldn't continue the       enormous workload of scheduling meeting places, putting        out a newsletter etc., so he arranged to merge AUSOCAL with      IEAUG.      A compromise location in Anaheim California was convenient       for both groups and that is where it is today. The AUSOCAL       newsletter was published for about three years.       -In July 1985, Jono Smith embarked on his short-lived       California ADAM Users group, (Cntucky.      It was the work of Harold Orndorff and Keith Bowman.      -The Denver ADAM Users Groups began publishing newsletters.       The Denver Newsletter was a bimonthly publication by Jesse       Thornhill II.      -I wonder how away of you recall the ADAMNET. It was the       property of Don Reese and generally operated out of Arkansas.      It had numerous addresses in Arkansas.   Although it was a       commercial venture, it had a large impact on the ADAM       community. Ultimately, it tive.       Before moving to the Family Computing Forum, John was the       mainstay at the Creative Computing magazine's ADAM section       of CompuServe.       Later, when he was billed for over $900 by CIS, (which John       maintained was in error), be abruptly left CIS and the sysops      job fell to the 12-year-old Jono Smith. Shortly afterward,       John bought an Amiga and sold the residue of his ADAM        equipment to Tom Ball of IEAUG.      -Another independent publication, not affiliatrom the Los Angeles and San       Fernando Valley regions.  The group was comprised of a       highly technically oriented membership. They maintained a       close liaison with the Inland Empire ADAM Users Group.      Harvey, who was the sparkpluq of AUSOCAL, was burning the       candle at both ends. He was working on his thesis for an       advanced degree which would be more than enough for most        people. His wife who helped type his manuscripts, was       suddenly stricken with a terminal hortly thereafter, the bimonthly ECN folded.      -The Kansas Coleco ADAM Users Group under David Carmichael,       began publishing their newsletter from Wichita, Kansas in       November 1985. It has been a mainstay in the ADAM community       ever since. David Carmichael has also been very active in       PLINK, which has one of the friendliest ADAM forums in the       country.      -The following month The Greater Cincinatti ADAM Users       Stomp began publishing a newsletter from Covington, KeAUG), with a single issue of       his newsletter. Greg Noblette was his assistant editor. It       was a good publication but lacked organization. Jono later       became the Sysop of the ADAM forum of the Family Computing       section on CompuServe.      (Jono's predecessor as CompuServe Sysop was John Mesiavech,       a giant of a man in both physical and intellectual dimen-       sions. John lived is Glendale, California and attended a       number of our IEAUG meetings despite the very long droo vanished. (Don Reese is now       living in Diamond Bar, California and has disposed of all       of his ADAM gear as well as his huge collection of ADAMANIA.      An IEAUG member, Bob Gorden, of Yorba Linda, California       bought his equipment (IEAUG has his vast library of computer       programs (disks) and written documents). In the year 1985 there were a few more influential user groups founded. If they published newsletters, I have never seen any. The Bellevue AUG was started by Norm Castro  was assembling digital data drive boards.  They were taking bare circuit boards, stuffing them with parts, then putting them through a wave soldering machine.      That day I was impressed with how much work could be done by this company it such a short period of time.  I have heard ADAM owners "putting down" Coleco for stopping production and support of the ADAM and ColecoVision. But I feel that these people are unaware of the kind of dedication that was typical of Coleco with respect to their products.Users group.       -Brian Stranahan was listed in almost every newsletter in the country as having the Southern California ADAM Users group. This was never the case.   Brian did attend a number of the early meetings when plans were being developed for a users group; but he dropped out, and to my knowledge, there never was a group led by him.      -Another piece of nostalgia concerns two early hardware companies. The first was EVE ELECTRONICS, in Vermont. Eve produced 64K memory expanders, etc. Their demis      Coleco put a great amount of effort into the ADAM, even to the point of selling off some very profitable products it order to generate a cash base to continue production. One such line that was sold off, was the "above ground swimming pools", of which Coleco was the largest manufacturer in the country.      Coleco went all out on the ADAM, taking a great financial risk, which, because of certain events, did not turn out as they might have hoped. The only blame that I put or Coleco is that they releasÌ1 ×68Chapter III: Creation of ADAMThe ADAM Survival Guide      Chapter III: Creation of ADAM      by Phil Kosowski       by Phil Kosowski, former employee of Coleco COLECO INDUSTRIES INC.: The "COLECO" part from the company's original name "COnnecticut LEather COmpany" was in some ways a very amazing company. I still remember being on an empty floor when a high up official gave the order to start making boards. Within three hours the floor went from empty, to having a line set up and running. The linein the Omaha, Nebraska area Norm is still very active and has the exclusive rights to sell the back issues of Expandable Computer News and some other now extinct newsletters (see the chapter by Norm on Newsletters).      -There was a group that Don Zimmerman started in the east, called the Genessee Valley AUG.      -Russell Williams in New York City founded the Metro AUG.      -In Bloomsburg, Pa. Steve Chamberlain formed the (717) ADAM Users group.      -And In El Paso, Texas Dick Lewin formed an ADAM       Coleco was a company that, throughout its existence, has gone 'all out' on a number of different products. Some of these products earned them large amounts of money, and others almost sank the company. The ADAM was one of the products that placed a large financial strain on the company.   Why was support dropped for the ADAM? I am not sure, but most likely it had something to do with deals Coleco made at the end of 1984 or beginning of 1985, when Coleco decided to get out of the electronics business.e occurred as other work interfered with ADAM work.      The second was a company known as JJ's Gourmet Hardware and Software Exchange. It was later to be known as Orphanware and later still as CL Digital. And now, according to it's founder, John Lingrel, it is Gone With  The Wind.      Thomas J. Keene      IEAUG and hard disk drives which are designed to interface with the ADAM. That is to say, you cannot use an Apple, Commodore or other ed the ADAM too soon. The bugs should have been worked out before the ADAM was released to the market. The releasing of a computer that did not work wrecked consumer confidence in the ADAM name; and still today a bad impression remains in the minds of many people. I cannot believe the number of people whom I know, who bought ADAMs when they first came out, and returned them because they would not work.      The ADAM was as extremely large project for Coleco to start up. Coleco not only produced most of the don't know that for certain. It was a fairly good newsletter but not as good as  many others of the months that followed.      (Editor's Note: M.W. Ruth, is thought by some to be an       abbreviation for "my Wife Ruth", "Ruth" being the name of       the wife of Jay. Ruth seems to have run the M.W. Ruth       operation quite successfully until it failed to make       royalty payments to authors and manufacturers of some of       their  products).      -The ADAMLAND NEWS of the International ADAM Ushe amount of testing that Coleco performed was just unbelievable. The testing that was performed on various parts of the ADAM was done with computerized test equipment.   The testing that the data drive went through was:        First, the read/write and servo boards would each go through a short test         Second, they went through a go-no-go test, and         Third, through a final tester for that much of the assembly        Fourth, the boards were put together and went through another go-no-go test,head and ordered six > > >McNuggets.> > >* The paragraph above, doesn't amaze me because > > >of what happened a couple of months ago. > > >I was at the check out in the local 'Foodland', with > > >just a few items and the lady behind me put her > > >things on the belt close to mine. > > >I picked up one of those 'Dividers' that they keep > > >by the cash register and placed it between our > > >things, so they wouldn't get mixed. > > >After the girl had scanned all of my items, she picked > > >up the "Dhen the memory console was paired up with the rest of the items that make up an ADAM system,         Tenth, the drive was tested again.       This basic testing method was done on all the ADAM items that were made by Coleco.other commercial national ADAM users group begin publication. It was the SPRITE CHASER put out by the No. 1 ADAM Users Group of Cherry Hill New Jersey. The president was Jay H. Forman, and it appeared to be affiliated with the M.W. Ruth Company, although I circuit boards and assembled the printer, data drive, and memory console; but also produced its own plastic aid metal parts for the printer, data drives and memory console. The metal parts such as shields and power supply chassis were made in Coleco's Gloverville, New York plant. The plastic parts such as the housings, covers, latches, etc., were made in Coleco's plastic plant in Mayfield.       Coleco even made its own computerized test equipment for test boards and assemblies (in Amsterdam New York).  TÌ1 ×66     Subject: HOW DO THESE PEOPLE SURVIVE!!! > > > > > > > > >  Recently, I went to McDonald's, I saw on the > > >menu that you could have an order of 6, 9 or 12 > > >Chicken McNuggets, so I asked for a half dozen > > >nuggets. > > >"We don't have half a dozen nuggets", said the > > >teenager behind the counter. > > >"You don't?" I replied. > > >She replied, "We only have six, nine, or twelve," > > >"So I can't order a half-dozen nuggets, but I can > > >order six?" > > >"That's right." So I shook my  and         Fifth, went through another final tester for that much of the assembly.         Sixth, the boards were then assembled in a data drive, and         Seventh, were tested again before going to,         Eighth, the "one hour burn in" test. This test read aid wrote to every block on a blank tape, and took about one hour to perform. That is why Coleco called it the "one hour burn in" test        Ninth, after this test, the data drive was installed in a memory console and was then tested again. Wivider" looking it all over for the bar code > > >so she could scan it. Not finding the bar code, she > > >said to me "Do you know how much this is?" so I > > >said to her, "I've changed my mind, I don't think I'll > > >buy that today".  She said, "OK", and I paid her for > > >the things and left. She had no clue as to what had > > >just happened.....> > >MAKES YOU WONDER HOW THESE PEOPLE CAN SURVIVE!!! > > >  A lady at work was seen putting a credit card into > > >her floppy drive and pulling it out ve>question: "I've got smoke coming from the back > > >of my terminal. Do you guys have a fire downtown?" > > > > >IDIOTS ARE EASY TO PLEASE: > > >I was sitting in my science class, when the teacher > > >commented that the next day would be the shortest > > >day of the year.  My lab partner became visibly > > >excited, cheering and clapping. I explained to her > > >that the amount of daylight changes, not the actual > > >amount of time. > > >Needless to say, she was very disappointed. > > > > >Police in R have a battery to fit this?" > > >I said, "Hmmm, I dunno, do you have an alarm too?" > > >"No, just this remote thingy," she answered, > > >handing it and the car keys to me. As I took the > > >key and manually unlocked the door, I replied, > > >"Why don't you drive over there and check about > > >the batteries, it's a long walk. > > > > >Several years ago, we had an Intern who was none > > >too swift. One day she was typing and turned to a > > >secretary and said, "I'm almost out of typing  paper. > >  don't know that for certain. It was a fairly good newsletter but not as good as  many others of the months that followed.      (Editor's Note: M.W. Ruth, is thought by some to be an       abbreviation for "my Wife Ruth", "Ruth" being the name of       the wife of Jay. Ruth seems to have run the M.W. Ruth       operation quite successfully until it failed to make       royalty payments to authors and manufacturers of some of       their  products).      -The ADAMLAND NEWS of the International ADAM Used. He > > >told me that the driver had set the "cruise control" > > >and then went in the back to make a sandwich. > > > > >IDIOTS AT WORK... > > >Sign in a gas station: Coke -- 49 cents. Two for a dollar. > > > > >IDIOTS & COMPUTERS > > >My neighbor works in the operations department > > >  in the central office of a large bank.  Employees in > > >the field call him when they have problems with > > >their computers. One night he got a call from a > > >woman in one of the branch banks who had this > > ry quickly. > > >When I inquired as to what she was doing, she said > > >she was shopping on the Internet and they kept > > >asking for a credit card number, so she was using > > >the ATM "thingy". > > > > >I recently saw a distraught young lady weeping > > >beside her car. Do you need some help?" I asked. > > >  She replied, "I knew I should have replaced the > > >battery to this remote door unlocker. Now I can't > > >get into my car. Do you think they (pointing to a > > >distant convenient store) wouldadnor, Pennsylvania, interrogated a > > >suspect by placing a metal colander on his head > > >and connecting it with wires to a photocopy machine. > > >The message "He's lying" was placed in the copier, > > >and the police pressed the copy button each time > > >they thought the suspect wasn't telling the truth. > > >Believing the "lie detector" was working, the > > >suspect confessed.TRUTH OR FICTION !!!!!!!!!  YOU DECIDE !!!!!!! >"What do I do?" > > >"Just use the copier machine paper," the secretary told her. > > >With that, the intern took her last remaining blank > > >piece of paper, put it on the photocopier and > > >proceeded to make five "blank" copies. > > > > >I was in a car dealership a while ago, when a large > > >motor home was towed into the garage. The front > > >of the vehicle was in dire need of repair and the > > >whole thing, generally, looked like an extra in "Twister". > > >I asked the> manager what had happenÌ1 ×68        April 2001 ADAM NEWS NETWORK MEDIA=================================================================This month we have some late breaking news from the upcoming ADAM convention.  Being held in Cleveland OHIO area on Jul 12-15th; we NEED ALL who care to come and join us.   I realize that most of you who read this have an ADAM and have probably attended at least one convention.  For those of you who have NOT attended an ADAM convention, I can hardly explain to you what happens at a conven- t>"What do I do?" > > >"Just use the copier machine paper," the secretary told her. > > >With that, the intern took her last remaining blank > > >piece of paper, put it on the photocopier and > > >proceeded to make five "blank" copies. > > > > >I was in a car dealership a while ago, when a large > > >motor home was towed into the garage. The front > > >of the vehicle was in dire need of repair and the > > >whole thing, generally, looked like an extra in "Twister". > > >I asked the> manager what had happent will undoubtedly be a GREAT ONE!!!!!  Plan now to attend, if not for the entire convention of Thursday evening thru Sunday evening, then at least drop in for a day or two!!!This month we have the first few chapters from the ADAM SURVIVAL GUIDE which have been scanned in, edited and generally preserved for the ADAM community courtesy of Scott Gordon - now studying hard to learn all he can about computer programming, etc.   We also have some antidotes found here and there about the crazy things that hapto be filled in as speakers commit to making presentations.        *Rich*===============================================================Editor's note:AGAINST MY BETTER JUDGEMENT; I AM INCLUDING ON THIS DISK, A PREVIOUS CONVENTION REGISTRATIN COPY WHICH WILL BE REAL CLOSE TO THE ACTUAL PRICING FOR ADAMCON XIII (AC13).  THIS  DOES NOT HAVE RICH"S BLESSING....BUT....USE IT FOR REFERENCE AT LEAST !!!!!  close and be a user guide!!!Hopefully we will ave for you on the MAY offering, some more and more definitive news on various pricing venues for the convention.                     UNTIL THEN !!!!!!!   HAPPY COMPUTING !!!! t you drive over there and check about > > >the batteries, it's a long walk. > > > > >Several years ago, we had an Intern who was none > > >too swift. One day she was typing and turned to a > > >secretary and said, "I'm almost out of typing  paper. > > ion.  We who attend are indeed a close knit group, but are looking for new members to include in the ADAM user ranks.  We have become small enough that we almost feel like a family reunion, and as any family reunion does, we ENCOURAGE & WELCOME new members to come aboard !!!!  We have a lot of ADAM computer talk; pc talk as it relates to the ADAM and some that's not; just plain visiting and a lot of FUN with each and every delegate.  This is the 3rd convention that the bunch form Cleveland have hosted, so iÌ1 ×64From: "Richard Drushel" <drushel@apk.net> Subject: ADAMcon XIII webpage online        It's overdue, but up at last:        http://drushel.biol.cwru.edu/adamcon13/Start letting me know if you're thinking of coming, even if you aren't going to pay in advance.  As currently priced, it should be independent of how many actually attend; but there are some items (T-shirts) whose quantities need to be known in advance, because they must be made up ahead of time.I will also be adding a session grid, pen out there in the real world.  This file is entitled CRAZIES1 and it does not fall far from the truth in today's world.  IF it puts a smile on your face for even a minute or two, then it did it's job!!  :-)We also have a copy of the registration form from a long ago past convention.  It is here to give you ALL an idea of the costs vs. the services provided for the convention.  Use it AS A GUIDE  to ADAMCON XIII (AC13).  Rich may or may not use it and it's monetary values........but it will at least be Ì1 ×69The ADAM Survival Guide (ASG) by ANNThe ADAM Survival Guide      by A.N.N.      INTRODUCTION What you hold in your hand is the culmination of months of hard, (yet satisfying), work. The ASG editors, chapter authors, and chapter author/editors hereof have given freely of their time so that you, the reader, could benefit.  Barry Wilson, the principal in the efforts to bring this book to you, had some years ago conceived the idea of an ADAM News Network. This was to be a monthly mailing to subscribersd Barry as Co-Editor of the ASG.     Barry and Mel worked in close harmony getting Barry's original list of writers involved, and getting the final chapters organized; and making changes thereunto as need demanded: and generally assuring that quality was held to a high standard, and that all  deadlines were met.      The cooperation which existed between these two ADAMites, was professional, and completely non-competitive, and although Mel may have done most of the actual editing, Barry spent many hours dation.     But Barry wasn't satisfied to stop with the success of the ANN project. In the middle of 1990, he had another dream. He wanted to publish something parallel to, but more valuable to the ADAM user, than the 'ADAM RESOURCE DIRECTORY", which was printed in 1986. Be had found this directory to be a tremendous help in his early days with ADAM, and wanted such a publication to be continued, and to be updated and published on a periodic basis, perhaps every two or three years. That was the beginning ofhis own field of strength, and each according to the time he had to impart to this very worthy project.      And not to be forgotten nor minimized in the handing out of honors, are the Authors and Editor/Authors of the individual chapters. Their work has been superb. The level of information, as well as the professional saucer in which they have worked with the ASG editors; coupled with the great amount of time and postage and media expenses given for this work by many of them; cannot be ignored.       Thoject. That was when he got in touch with Mel Ostler.      Mel, having worked many years as a scientist, and having published several scientific papers in that capacity; as well as having written four ADAM books; in addition to having had his own printing business at one time, had no illusions about the amount of time that this would require. But be, like Barry, wanted to produce a work that would encourage ADAM owners to keep and use, in increasing capacities, their ADAM computers. And therefore Mel joine of disks containing many articles and programs.     This idea was conceived with the notion of spreading AS MUCH INFORMATION TO AS MANY ADAM USERS as possible.  Barry can't stand to see an idea sit idle, and so he was driven to push this informa- tion out to those who needed it most, and to collar a few volun- teers along the way. As a result of the work of Barry and this team of volunteers, today ANN is recognized by many newsletters and bulletin boards as an excellent source of ADAM material and informoing what he does best, keeping the lines of communication open. Barry sent a never ending stream of letters, (doing his part to help the US Postal Service balance its budget); he nagged; he pleaded; he coaxed; he joked; he prodded and he pushed and he pulled; in general keeping the organization coherent.      It has been a very time consuming job for both men, and they both deeply appreciate the help that the other has given.      Much thanks go out to both Barry and Mel for their joint efforts, each in  what has eventually brought this book to be in your hands. Barry marshalled his ANN staff and after several months of discussion, decided to proceed with the project.      However, Barry was a practicing attorney, (and not a rich one as ownership of the ADAM and involvement in its promotion will attest), and is trying to put a daughter through college; and it wasn't long before Barry recognized that he was taking on a little too much to handle by himself in editing, directing and over- seeing the whole pre reader may but review any chapter and recognize these obvious facts.      These Authors and Editor/Authors, come from all walks of life. there are school teachers, lawyers and scientists. There are librarians, engineers, paper hangers and 'Mr. Moms'. There are some who are retired, and others who are still raising families. And there are combinations of all, some of, and none of the above.      Some are renowned names in the ADAM community, and of some, you may have never heard section before.      Somraphics Design and Printco, Scarborough, Ont      Table of Contents      Introductory Section of the ADAM Survival Guide      Cover Pages, Distribution of ASG & Copyright Notice E Danz            INTRO I. Introduction to ASG Bart Lynch            INTRO II. Table of Contents Mel Ostler            INTRO III. Important Names and Addresses Dean Roades            INTRO IV. ANN - Its History and Projects Dean Rhodes      For ADAM New-Comers and the Medium Experienced ADAM User                    [Chapturpose of ASG was to enhance  communi- cation among ADAMites and make available basic information about the computer as well as to let them know where more advanced information could be obtained so as to keep ADAMites with ADAM; there were also two  unstated purposes.      The most significant of the unstated purposes for the creation of the ASG was to demonstrate that when ADAMites from all over North America work together on a common project, (in this case the ASG great things can be accomplished; and thADAM User            CH 9. An Outline of SmartBASIC V2.0 Guy-R LaForest 84.            CH 10. Graphics with PowerPAINT Pat Herrington 93.            CH 11. Telecommunications Bart Lynch 107.            CH 12. A List of BBSs Bart Lynch 114.      If You Are Serious About Powerful Software            CH 13. CP/M for the New ADAM User Tom Keene 116.            CH 14. TDOS - New Power for ADAM - and FREE!                                              Ron Collins 121.            CH 15. Software for TDOS ADAM so that the possible loss of no one ADAMite is not so likely to cause a significant loss to the ADAM community as a whole.      It is our sincere hope that you find this book useful. While it is intended for the isolated and beginning ADAM user, it does have many very useful tidbits for the advanced user as well.      Whatever your level of usage, may this book be your guide through the world of ADAM!      --Bart Lynch      Printed and bound in Canada by Campus Reproductions, Toronto,Ont. and KT Ge are quite expert in one or several areas of ADAM work. Some are not, but write here nevertheless, to show you how THEY go about using their  ADAMs.      They all have one thing in common though. They are eager to share their knowledge, (and time), with others.  And we thank them for those efforts.      With all of the personal sacrifice required by each one involved in the "doing" part of the creation of the ASG, two of the unstated purposes of the MG were shown to be undeniably true. While the stated per/Title Author Page]                           CH 1. Welcome to the World of ADAM! Tom Keene 1.            CH 2. Nostalgi-A-DAM Tom Keene 7.            CH 3. The Creation of ADAM Phil Kosowski 11.            CH 4. The "Base" ADAM Dean Rhodes 15.            CH 5. SmartWRITER Bill Reynolds 23.            CH 6. SmartBASIC V1.0 Guy Cousineau 30.            CH 7. Software for the EOS Eric Danz 58.            CH 8. Game Software for the EOS Eric Danz 75.      For the Medium Experienced to Experienced at when ADAMites work together on cosmos ADAM projects, nothing need be beyond their reach.      The second of the two unstated purposes has been demon- strated by the great increase in communication and interaction that has been accomplished as ADAMites worked together on this common ADAM project. The success of the production of the ASG has brought an interaction between ADAM experts and ADAM activists, most of whom we NOW KNOW bat some of whom we KNEW NOT. This interaction broadens the support base for or CP/M Tom Keene 130.      For The ADAMite Who Wants To Do More!            CH 16. ADAM-Infinitum (Misc. Information)                                              Rich Lefko 143.            CH 17. The Best of AIM Terry Fowler 149.            CH 18. Handy Information + Peeks & Pokes                                           Guy Cousineau 152.            CH 19. ADAM, Apple and IBM Relationships                                          Ron Mitchell 160.            CH 20. Computer Programming Ideas P±C±DÒ°EÅ°F—°GN°H°IÕ¯JÏ¯^£`ª¯b{¯dn¯fZ¯hD¯i.¯j(¯Ð"¯ÑÛ®Õ¹®×®ÚC®Ûñ­ßÚ­ä¸­é¬­ê’­ëH­ìö¬îÉ¬ó°¬õ­¬ø{¡þñ¢§¬`¬W¬¬¬å«
±¢·«´«4m«5K«68«7!«8ÿª9óª:Æª;­ª<ªª>cª?Aª@ªAö©BÝ©CÚ©FÎ©GÈ©¢©£_©¤©¥©¦ë¨§È¨¨¤¨©¡¨Àˆ¡ÁF¢Â¢Ãè¡Ä®¡Å ¡ˆ¨‰u¨Ši¨‹S¨Œ9¨*¨ŽÜ§’¥§“Œ§”v§•N§–§—¿¦˜©¦™¦š_¦›9¦œ¦Ú¥ž»¥Ÿ¨¥ m¥¡g¥¢J¥£6¥¤ñ¤¥Ÿ¤¦ƒ¤§€¤¨¤©¤ª¤«Ò£°µ£¹‹£ºo£»O£‹^Œ;ª‹ÀŒ;ª€	Œ%ª€®Š‹ÀŒ;ªŒ'ªŠ¬Œ.¦€¬Œ;ª€²p Needs Ron Mitchell 197.            CH 27. Starting a New ADAM Users Group                                          David Cobley 199.            CH 28. ADAM Newsletters, New and Old Norm Castro 204.            CH 29. ADAM Books Rich Clee 211.            CH 30. ADAM Books, Reviewed Joe Alford 215.      Where To Get What You Want or Need            CH 32. ADAM Dealers and Suppliers Dean Roades 219.            CH 33. Line-By-Line-Ers, (Supplier Ads) 221.            CH 34. Dealer Ads:               designed with special emphasis for people who are new to the ADAM Family Computing System, but it also has such very useful and pertinent information for even the more advanced ADAM.  You will find that the ADAM computer is amazingly simple to operate and yet, because of its very sophist- icated electronic design, it's versatile enough to run a wide range of the very large number of public domain and powerful commercial programs that are available to it. These programs nclude everything from games to home mGraphics (Graphics) 229.            ADAM News Network  (ADAM News Disemination) 230.            ADAM's House (Hardware and Software) 231.            Reedy Software (Software and Supplies) Inside                                                       Back Cover            Greetings from A.N.N. (Free Sample Offer) Back Cover      Special ADAM News Network Free Offer            Special Coupon for Free Month of the ANN Disks 220-221eter Hartzler 165.            CH 21. Z80 Machine Language Programming                                          Guy Cousineau 169.      The Physical Growth, Care and Feeding of ADAM            CH 22. Hardware for the ADAM Ron Collins 177.            CH 23. ADAM Music with a MIDI Chris Braymen 184.            CH 24. ADAM Service and Repair Phil Kosowski 187.            CH 25. Making Low Tech Hardware Jerry Vrancks 191.      The Care and Feeding of the ADAM Community            CH 26. ADAM User GrouÌ1 ×68Chapter 1: Welcome to the World of ADAM!The ADAM Survival Guide      Chapter I: Welcome to the World of ADAM!      Edited by Tom Keene      This article, (originally by Jim Clements), was taken from the August 1990 edition of ANN, and edited for use in the ADAM Survival Guide. Jim Clements is well known to the ADAM community. He appears often on CompuServe.  Congratulations, you are using one of the finest computers of its type and  price ever put on the home market.      This Survival Guide is             Roadrunner Publications (ADAM Books) 222.            Practical Programs (Utility Programs & Supplies) 223.            The ADAM Connection (Software and Hardware) 224.            Elliam and Associates (Professional and Public                                                Domain Soft.) 225.            Walters Software (Software) 225.            ADAMZap (Software) 226.            Norman R. Castro (ADAM Newsletters) 227.            S&M Video (Hardware and Software) 228.            Eyezod anagement and complicated business budgeting; and a bit of everything in between.      The ADAM is a color computer, and yet it works almost as well with a black-and-white TV.  If you only want it for games, it's one of the best.  And do you need to do word processing? You'll soon find that ADAM's built-in word processor and the ADAM printer that are part of the new ADAM 'bundle'; are more than enough for most people.  And you will also soon find that even better programs and different printers, (and even ely by ADAM users for the benefit of  other potential ADAM users and is intended to be distributed to anyone who  can use it.)      To get started, let me give a short overview of what you will find in this  chapter.      This article, which will go on to discuss:      1. What you can -- and one thing you can't -- do with ADAM,      2. Some of what software and hardware is available to you,       3. Where, and      4. How to find out more about ADAM. (Let me digress for a moment to explain something tqually at home with CP/M, (or TDOS, which is a far superior replacement to CP/M). CP/M and T-DOS are operating systems. (An "operating system" is a series of small programs that tell a computer how to communicate with its attachments, like the keyboard, video screen, tape drive and disk drive, as opposed to application software which are programs which tell the operating system what to do with peripherals).       Until the mid-80's CP/M was the world's most popular operating system.  There are thousands ofr just-plain- ruin ADAM or any other computer by pressing the wrong button, (or even a bunch of wrong buttons), at the wrong time. You won't start World War III with a slip of your finger or find yourself talking to a CIA master computer is Foggy Bottom, VA. Your ADAM won't disappear in a burst of electric energy and explosions like computers used to do in science fiction films.      That possibility, like the films wherein such things "happen", is just fiction.  In fact, if you do make a mistake ADAM willthat you have already found the most important source of support for ADAM; that is, you have found one of the many user groups or clubs in  Canada, the U.S.A. and many other countries abroad.  (Incidentally, the compilers of the ASG are in no way connected with Coleco of any other company making or selling ADAM products; nor do they support any one particular AUG. In fact all members of ANN belong to an AUG, and very few belong to the same AUG as any other ANN member. The production of this ASG was done soladvanced hardware), are available. (One of ADAM's  programs, ADAMCalc, a 'spreadsheet' program for budgets, was an award-winner)!      ADAM lets you do your own programming in "BASIC". BASIC is a very simple computer language "dialect".("BASIC" is actually a method of programming, and is by no means unique to ADAM.) But the ADAM version, called SmartBASIC, is the best of it's time. It is remarkable in that it will usually tell you when you've made a mistake and give a hint how to fix it.     And ADAM is eo the  really new  computer users.      -"Hardware" is what you can see and touch; such things as keyboards and printers and expansion boards.      -"Software" is what you usually can't see; the computer coding located in the computer memory, and/or located on the tapes or disks. This coding is what tells the computer what to do).      Now, on to something most computer articles and courses neglect -- one  thing you CAN'T do with an ADAM, (or any other computer for that matter)!  You CAN'T hurt, wreck o excellent CP/M programs available, and most can be adapted for ADAM for use in business or the home.      Finally you may be surprised to learn that ADAM is still a very lively computer, considering the fact that it was "killed off" by Coleco, it's manufacturer, barely a year after it was introduced.      And yet, while it didn't really die, it is an orphan -- but one that needs, and thus far has had, a lot of support.      In fact, the very fact that you are reading this copy of ASG probably indicates  usually tell you, (somehow), often pointing out how to correct it.      About the worst that can happen is that you will lose valuable information  -- [like your 10-page letter of love to your Great, (and very rich), Aunt  Agnes], if you make a serious error.      BACK UPS      Even this kind of loss, though not entirely avoidable, can be greatly minimized if you regularly follow one of the first rules of self-defense in dealing with computers -- make backups and make them often.  That is, make copies o like the Biblical ADAM, while your ADAM has all of the essentials, they are the bare essentials. ("Fig leaves not included").      SOME ESSENTIAL EXTRAS      There are some "extras" you should consider keeping on hand. The first is an adequate supply of digital data packs, those devices that look like -- but aren't -- audio cassette tapes. Digital data packs, or DDPs, are the tapes upon which you store information. They function very such like the big spools of tape you saw in those old science fiction fe a power failure when you are using your computer -- you won't feel frustrated enough to wreck your ADAM for real with a fire axe. (Remember, the more often you make copies of material you are creating, the less will be lost  when the power goes off).      Having said that, feel free to let your fingers fly -- the best way to learn about ADAM or any other computer is through doing, and now you can do it without worrying about destroying the world as we know it -- or your  computer.      ADAM was manufacttells ADAM where each block of information is stored on the tape, and the location of the first block or the "beginning" of the tape. (See the ASG chapter on Hardware for information on a device to convert standard cassette tapes to DDPs).      You should keep several of these on hand. Exactly how many you need to keep, depends on what you intend to do with your computer. But remember all user programs need to be saved as back-ups; and those back-ups and your own work, (such as letters and lists), are storow in cabbage patches these days.THE ORIGINAL BUNDLE      ADAM was one of the first, and is still one of the finest, "bundled" computers. By "bundled", I mean that it was complete and ready to operate right out of the box. It had a keyboard, a printer; a CPU, (or central processing unit or 'brain' of the computer) and a built in mass storage drive, the digital data drive. ADAM comes with everything you need to compute. You don't really have to buy anything else other than paper for the printer.      Butf all of the media with which you are working, both of the original programs, and of the data you generate to save.      Some of the original "ADAM programs" have ways of making copies that are built in; but for more general use, you can also obtain good public domain  copy programs or purchase commercial copiers. Study this subject in some of the other chapters in this ASG, choose a copy program, make backups, and save them for emergencies!      Then if you press the wrong key -- or worse yet, if you havilms (but those big spools of tape from the science fiction movies weren't fiction!).      DDPs are basically much like audio cassettes, but there are important differences and you should not try to use ordinary audio cassettes in your ADAM. To attempt such a thing will only cause you frustration, cost you time and money and may perhaps cause damage to your tape drive.      Only properly coded and "keyed" DDPs will fit into the ADAM data drive. The DDPs have special electronic coding on them; coding that ured by Coleco, the people who also gave us Cabbage Patch  dolls and countless other toys. It's development grew out of their familiarity with computers which they gained as they developed the  ColecoVision game system.      The ColecoVision game system was the best on the market at the time. (See the chapter THE CREATION OF ADAM for a very interesting insight into the development of the ADAM ).      But don't be fooled! You don't have a Cabbage Patch computer! Unless the very most sophisticated things gred on DDPs. It's far better to have one or two too many than it is to have just one too few.  The second "extra" that you should keep on hand is a supply of printer ribbons. The number of extra ribbons that you decide to keep will depend upon how such printing you do. Probably no one should have less than one extra ribbon, so that if one expires while printing, the other can be inserted to finish the job.ADD-ONS AND UPGRADES      There are a multitude of add-ons, (or upgrades), available. The first that street to accessing massive information companies such as CompuServe Information Services, or perhaps accessing the computer at your school or office.  Like the data drives, they are no longer being made and should be on your ADAM shopping list if you don't already have one. Can't find one?  Never fear, there is a way around that!      COLECO ADAM GAME ACCESSORIES      Coleco also manufactured a number of accessories for the       ADAM, most of them in the games area such as:      1. A roller controllesaves you.  A second drive saves a lot of tedious tape switching in some of the more complicated programs, and acts as a back-up should something disabling happen to your original data drive. If you have only one data drive and it dies, (and they do die from time to time!), due to wear or malfunction; you are left with an unfinished task, and no way to save what you have done; and you have a computer that is little more than an electronic-age paper weight.      With two tape drives you can keep right on comanufactured they can sometimes be found at very reasonable prices through friends, neighborhood bulletin boards such as those at grocery or corner stores or flea markets and yard sales.      NEW ADAM HARDWARE COMPANIES      When Coleco left ADAM "abandoned in the Cabbage Patch", other manufacturers moved in to play "mother to the orphan". (That theme might make a good movie). Most, if not all, are in the list of ADAM SUPPLIERS in another chapter of this ASG. Some of these, such as Orphanware in Ohio, haufactured a number of computer devices such as an excellent 300 Baud modem called ADAMLink and an automatic dialer for use with your phone.  Since the advent of regular phones with number memories, the auto dialer is little more than an interesting toy but the included address book program that goes with it is superior.      ADAMLink, the modem, can open the world of computing to your ADAM, from the obtaining of information on ADAM itself to personal banking, from "talking" to a friend's computer down the I mention is really a "second", that is to say, I suggest that you get a second digital data drive. This device is identical to the original, and it is easily installed in the right hand "window" of the Memory Console of your ADAM.      While not absolutely essential, (and it is particularly not essential if you have more than one disk drive "add-on", which drives are next mentioned ), you'll find that having two data drives is a definite advantage in terms of the time and the peace of mind that having it r similar to those used in game arcades      2. A Super Controller for use with certain games      3. A steering device for driving games, and      4. An expansion module which allows you to play Atari 2600          and other game cartridges on your ADAM.      Like the data drives, they were only manufactured by Coleco, and are not being made by anyone else. Depending upon your needs you might consider obtaining any one, or all of these items, should they become available.   Because they are no longer mputing with hardly more than a pause for the appropriate, (or inappropriate, depending on your viewpoint on the subjects of etiquette, religion, "coothness", etc.), curses and blasphemes.      Remember to that only Coleco manufactured data drives, there is no other source. They were a very sophisticated device, and no one else has even attempted to replace their manufacture. So if you should see one it may be wise to get it quickly, you may not have the luxury of "second" thoughts!      --Coleco also manve been particularly supportive of ADAM users in every way from new and innovative hardware and software to answering elementary questions about ADAM (the same questions were asked and answered, OVER and OVER and OVER!!!).      These companies and AUG user groups are the best sources of new ADAM products. Through them you can get such items as: --Disk drives. These were originally manufactured by Coleco but are now made and/or upgraded by others.  Disk drives offer two major advantages over the Digital Datuch as must of as obtained the entire new ADAM "bundle" for less than $200.00, and that was for a terrific computer that well deserves to be upgraded.      It would take a lot of add-ons to bring the price up to the quality of computer system that we have. --Memory expanders "expand" the computer's memory; that is, they allow it to use longer programs and do certain other functions, such as offering quicker access to stored programs. They are available in 64K, 256K, 512K, and 1MB capacities, (again more ishich will convert audio cassettes to DDPs, perhaps that advantage is not as valid as the first one.  The original ADAM disk drives held 160K of information. (1 "K" or kilobyte is a volt of computer data storage measurement, usually more is better).   Drive upgrades are also available offering 320K and 720K of information storage. --Hard Disk Drives are also presently available, and increase data and program storage dramatically. (For comparison, the standard ADAM digital data pack holds 256K of information,e. Or you may find that you have already caught the highly infect- uous and always fatal "TELECOM-ITOUS", and that the only care is to have a modem at any cost or inconvenience. The added expense is more than compensated by the added speed of the device, (which saves money in long distance charges), and by the added features which immediately relieve the symptoms of "ADAMLink frustration".      Again, see the Ron Collin's chapter on ADAM HARDWARE, but see also the chapter by Bart Lynch on TELECOMMUNICATIONdisk drive by simply "plugging it in". It must be configured to interface with the ADAM.      Disk Drives, Disk Drive Conversions, and Hard Disk Drives are available from several sources, and are discussed is more detail in the chapter on  ADAM HARDWARE      But please be advised that disk drives, like most other available ADAM add-ons, are likely to cost you as much -- or more -- than your entire ADAM family Computer System cost you when you bought it new. HOWEVER, this need not be a major concern, inasma Drive, for anyone with an ADAM; and the obtaining of such should be seriously considered.      First, a disk drive is much faster and more convenient than Digital Data Pack (the tape) drives, so much so that it is difficult to comprehend without seeing one in action.      Second, because disk drives use inexpensive and commonly available computer diskettes, they can ultimately save you money as the much more expensive Digital Data Packs become more difficult to obtain. But since the advent of hardware w better). Although they are at essential generally, they are required if you intend to do serious computing with your ADAM. They are discussed more fully in the chapter on ADAM HARDWARE. --1200 and 2400 Baud modems are connected internally or externally, and are generally far more complicated and somewhat more expensive than the internal ADAMLink modem. But they are also much faster. They are well worth keeping in mind in case you cannot find an ADAMLink with which to begin your telecommunications experienc the Coleco disk holds 160K, and  upgrades are available to increase disk storage capacities to 720K; but the hard disk drives measure mass data storage capacities is the 30 to 40  MegaByte range!) Hard Disk Drives are also exceptionally fast. To the new user they would seem to approach the speed of access from RAM itself in some situations.   CAUTION: You can only use disk drives and hard disk drives which are designed to interface with the ADAM. That is to say, you cannot use an Apple, Commodore or other S. ---Dot matrix printers can replace or augment your ADAM printer. The ADAM printer is a letter quality daisy wheel printer. That is, it produces print identical to a good electric typewriter. However it is noisy and it is slow. It is also severely limited in terms of producing graphics. Dot matrix printers use tiny pins to create letters and graphics. At their very best they offer only "Near Letter Quality", (NLQ), printing, (which really looks quite good). But they are very much faster and much much quie on SUPPLIERS, there are a large number of ADAM user groups, (AUGs), in the United States, Canada and abroad. If by chance you are reading this ASG and haven't found an AUG in your area, or haven't found one that is doing the things that interest you, you  can start your hunting in local computer stores. They may know of one. (So might your library, which is also a good source for books on BASIC, CP/M; and out-of-print books and manuals written specifically for ADAM). Neighborhood bulletin boards are good son ADAM HARDWARE.      When making a DM printer conversion, however, one needs to solve a small problem of maintaining ADAM power requirements. The problem lies in the fact that the power supply for the ADAM computer is located inside of the printer housing which means you must still have the ADAM printer or some other power source such as a surplus power supply to operate ADAM when you add the dot matrix printer.  Most interface manufacturers have already provided at least one solution to this potential dis ASG. A.N.N. keeps a list of active AUGs, and is anxious to connect users to User Groups. A.N.N. recognizes that healthy user groups are the key to ADAM survival and continued growth. Contact an A.N.N. member listed in the chapter IMPORTANT NAMES AND ADDRESSES for more information on AUGs, and see the list of AUGs at the end of the chapter by Rich Clee mentioned in the second paragraph above.      Remember that A.N.N. may not have a complete list, because we depend upon the user groups to keep us informe--There are other devices, gadgets and goodies available for the ADAM and more becoming available every day. There is MegaCopy, (referenced above),  which allows you to make your own Digital Data Packs, there are 80 Column Video Unit boards which let you use more professional word-processing programs, speech synthesizers, MIDI interfaces, and more. In fact, much more.      ADAM may be an orphan, bet he's a well-endowed one.      --And he's well cared for. In addition to the companies listed in the chapterter than the ADAM printer. And they can print graphics -- everything from detailed pictures to different type sizes and fonts.  They can also handle fan-fold or "computer paper" better than the ADAM printer. In fact, they were designed around the idea of continuous feed fan-fold paper. Most, but not all, dot matrix primers can be used with  ADAM. All need a special electronic interface board before they can be operated by the ADAM. These interface boards are available to ADAM users, as noted in the chapter ources of information. If you don't see a note about an ADAM club, put one up asking if there is one. You might even consider forming a club of your own if you find there is none but there are other ADAM owners in your area. (See the Chapter by Rich Clee on starting new AUGs).      And there are very exceptional established regional clubs which you can join by mail, which will keep you informed on the latest in ADAM advances.      Probably the best place to begin looking is with A.N.N., the producer of thifficulty, so the problem is really solved before most of us even think of it.      For most novices, the ADAM printer is a perfect place to start. In fact some professional writers still prefer their standard ADAM word processor and printer to much more expensive and enhanced machines. Still other ADAM users keep both printers connected, and address either one as desired according to what the particular software they are using permits or requires, and/or according to the kind of output they desire.      d. But we try!      ADAM INFORMATION SOURCES      --Of the information sources available, A.N.N. is the best for current events, developments, and help; and libraries are good for general ADAM and program information.      --Another excellent source of ADAM information is CompuServe Information Services, for which you need a modem -- or a friend with a modem who also subscribes to CompuServe.  CompuServe is a massive information service in Ohio which has a special section devoted to ADAM users. As you mione through reorganizations and is now known as Phoenix 2000 -- Sol Swift is the master programmer thereof.]  -----NOW DEFUNCT ALSO!!!   Although, again, the compilers of this package have no connection with either company -- or any other mentioned in this Survival Guide -- other than as customers; the great contributions made by these two companies to the ADAM community is such that they deserve special mention.  We sincerely hope that this ADAM SURVIVAL GUIDE will be of some help to new ADAM owners, as weof the above mentioned information sources and provide them to their members, as the members express their needs.   Use your AUG, and don't feel shy! Many ADAM users are "born teachers", just sitting is the meetings awaiting an opportunity to help someone with a problem. Some of these people are very advanced in their understanding  of ADAM, but at the same time very capable and eager to teach according to the level of the seeker of knowledge.      --Past sources of help, (which help is still available, laAM owners.      (Note also that some articles are individually copyrighted by their authors, [although a notation may not be made of such fact in the article itself], and all such articles are printed herein with their permission).      Cheers from Canada!      Jim Clementsmber all user programs need to be saved as back-ups; and those back-ups and your own work, (such as letters and lists), are storw no longer in business, the legendary Big John Lingrel has left ADAM, [but has kept his foot in the door, just ever so little, and we hope that be will be back]  But there is a great deal of their information in print, that has been provided by them for the ADAM user. Most of it is found in old newsletters, the obtaining of which may be facilitated through your AUG.  -Digital Express offered a superior newsletter and has donated some exceptional software free to all ADAM users.      [Digital Express has gght expect, it is one of the most active of the forums for orphaned computers. It is used regularly and you can get almost any information and personalized help there quickly. You can as well obtain the latest gossip about "our" ADAM    Compuserve also has two "data libraries" brimming with programs for ADAM; one in BASIC and the second in CP/M. It is a valuable source of free programs, all are public domain.      --AUGs are the very "meat and potatoes" for the ADAM user. They combine the resources of all ll as to those who are more advanced in their association therewith. We also hope that others will perhaps update, correct or augment it in the future via communications to UK, and perhaps as future ASG contributors.    Please feel free to pass this copy of the ASG along to a friend or make it available to others. But please also remember that this ASG is COPYRIGHTED! The work that went into this book was donated to the ADAM  community. It was not intended that anyone should profit from it -- other than ADrgely in printed form), are shown appreciation via these two final thoughts.  Perhaps it is because ADAM is an orphaned computer that you will find many ADAM users happy to help you with your problem, or who may be able to give you program or advice.  And two companies, Orphanware and Digital Express have been extremely generous in their support of ADAM      -Orphanware has devoted a great deal of time and effort in assisting ADAM users, as well as in the development of new ADAM products.  Orphanware is noÌ1 ×70Chapter II: Nostalgi-A-DAMThe ADAM Survival Guide      Chapter II: Nostalgi-A-DAM      by Tom Keene       I wonder what ever became of... Recently I ran across an article that was talking about the early days of the ADAM. In retrospect, it is truly remarkable how enthusiastically the ADAM was received and how terribly Coleco botched the marketing of this great machine. Many of us have heard of the horror stories concerning the first production ADAMs. Let me quote to you an excerpt from the July 1VCS, TV, Hi-Fi, or another computer that has even come close to the reliability I  have experienced with my ADAM.      There is no question about it, though, Coleco made a big mistake by marketing it before it was ready. But the pressure of the enthusiasm of early ADAM computer hopefuls, (and perhaps the presence of Coleco's financial backers), was apparently more than they could resist.      And the enthusiasm of those early ADAM owners was something to behold!  They wanted so badly, to get user groups gell the other day and the technician told me that the ADAM outperforms the Apple, in benchmark tests, for speed and accuracy in computing.      CAUG: Did your ADAM work when you bought it?      JS: I was one of the first consumers in Southern California to get an ADAM in December '83. Of course, at this early date, virtually none of the Adams being sold worked and mine was no exception.  I returned my ADAM FIVE times to TOYS-R-US. The fifth didn't work and they were all out of stock, so I shipped it back cohesive group would emerge.  -Barcroft, who had highly commercial ideas about the ADAM market, moved off on his own and started putting ads in magazines for his ADAM Users of America. He advertised his newsletter which turned out to be that disappointing "GARDEN of ADAM".      Don't get me wrong. That was a real slick newsletter! Probably it was the most totally professional newsletter ever put out by anyone. It was truly outstanding. But the disappointment was that there was never a second issue. I rathet of people point to the bad review that Consumer Reports gave the ADAM as being its death knell. But recently I reread that report and although it did have reservations about its poor reliability, it also made the ADAM appear to be the best computer yet developed (which, of course, it was).      I never experienced any of those problems that gave the ADAM such a bad reputation. On the contrary, I have found it to be OUTSTANDINGLY reliable.  I have never owned any piece of equipment whether as automobile, 985 Coleco ADAM Users Group newsletter:  "A while ago I talked with Joseph Sheppard and this is what he had to say:      CAUG: Would you still buy an ADAM today?      JS: Yes, I would. I still feel, (regardless of what Coleco has done), that the ADAM, right out of the box, is the best computer for the money. My expanded ADAM, (two tape and two disc drives), with all the Coleco and third party software that I have, in my opinion, is more than enough  computer for me and most people In fact, I was at Honeywoing. From personal experience, I know that our IEAUG wasn't born overnight. There were many private meetings in various homes. They really wanted to get going, but friction and the inability to organize, plagued it for months. Many prominent ADAM users attended those meetings.  Harvey Klein, Mike and Paula Smith aggressively tried to get the great off of dead center.      Bill Fee hosted one group which included Taylor Barcroft, Mike, Paula Smith and Brian Stranahan.  Several times, it looked as though a to Coleco, (before Honeywell was contracted to do warrantee work). Two months later I received my 6th ADAM from Coleco and it didn't work either. By this time TOYS-R-US had some in stock so I got my seventh which also didn't work.  I read that Honeywell was then fixing them, so I took it to them and they replaced it with the eighth one, (It worked!), which I am still using now. But the truth is, I'm very glad that I stuck with ADAM!"  There were a lot of similar experiences by owners of the first Adams A lor treasure my copy of that newsletter. It not only looked good, it WAS good.      Wayne Motel was one of the contributors. It came out in October 1984.   Taylor got his newsletter out ahead of nearly every other AUG newsletter.  -That same month we saw another commercial national ADAM users group begin publication. It was the SPRITE CHASER put out by the No. 1 ADAM Users Group of Cherry Hill New Jersey. The president was Jay H. Forman, and it appeared to be affiliated with the M.W. Ruth Company, although I(None of these newsletters are in publication today). In January of 1985, four newsletters made their entry into the field.   Three of these are still is publication.      -One that survived, NIAD, was a commercial venture that had       no local membership and held no meetings.   (NIAD, founded       by Lyle Marschand in the Chicago area, still flourishes. It       is heavily committed to marketing hardware and software,        and is not a user group in the usual sense).      -Another survivor is thers Group,       located in Lander Wyoming and run by Buck A. Rogers came out       just one month after the Sprite Chaser .      Back Roger's       newsletter was not a fly-by-sight operation and, although it      was not as "slick" as GARDEN of ADAM it was a superior       newsletter is every respect. Very few newsletters since have      matched it for technical excellence.      There has been much said about the incredible claims that       Rogers made for the equipment he was developing. But   ert Wright. As       far as I can determine, theirs was a fairly short existence.      -The following month, February 1985, the Puget Sound ADAM       Network published its first newsletter. They were merged       from two previously established groups;  -The Seattle-Tacoma       ADAM Users Group, headed by Barbara Duncan and the Northwest       ADAM Users Group headed by Valerie Zimmerman predated the       Puget Sound ADAM Network. When the Puget Sound club published      their first newsletter, B   of our IEAUG).      -Another newsletter (also commercial) hit the ADAM       community in December 1984. It was also highly acclaimed,       and a very professional newsletter. I speak hereby of Al       Gerson's AUGMENT, the official newsletter of The ADAM       Users Group, Inc.      Like Taylor Barcroft's users group, it was heavily advertised      and totally commercial; but unlike Barcroft's club, ADAM       Users Creep Inc. was not a rip-off. It was published in       Lynbrook, N.Y.       don't know that for certain. It was a fairly good newsletter but not as good as  many others of the months that followed.      (Editor's Note: M.W. Ruth, is thought by some to be an       abbreviation for "my Wife Ruth", "Ruth" being the name of       the wife of Jay. Ruth seems to have run the M.W. Ruth       operation quite successfully until it failed to make       royalty payments to authors and manufacturers of some of       their  products).      -The ADAMLAND NEWS of the International ADAM Usat very fine group in Houston, known       as the Greater Houston Area ADAM Users Group, (GHAAUG),       under Terry Fowler and Tom Rutan.      -The third, still existing, club that began publishing a       newsletter in January of 1985, was our own IEAUG. It was       never a commercial enterprise and has never failed to hold       a monthly meeting since that first meeting in 1985.      Also begun that January was the ADAM-X-Change in Wolcott N.Y.      first  headed by Wade Rowley and later by Rob    according to some people who actually saw his stuff, he       wasn't kidding. That hardware was so outrageously advanced,      that to this day, nobody has proposed anything half so       fantastic. All I can say is that if his hardware was as       good as his newsletters, then it must have been terrific!      -The Nevada ADAM Users Group headed by Al Roginski was       formed that month; but I have never seen a newsletter from      them. (I'll have to ask Al about that, since he is a member   arbara and Valerie appeared to be       co-authors.      In February 1985, the ADAM Users Group of San Diego County       also put out their first newsletter. This group was directed      by the efforts of Sue and Bill Askew. The group is no longer      is existence.  It was largely held together by Larry Overman       who lived in Fountain Valley, California and drove almost       two hundred miles to each meeting. It finally disbanded last      year with many of its members joining the IEAUG.  StrAUG), with a single issue of       his newsletter. Greg Noblette was his assistant editor. It       was a good publication but lacked organization. Jono later       became the Sysop of the ADAM forum of the Family Computing       section on CompuServe.      (Jono's predecessor as CompuServe Sysop was John Mesiavech,       a giant of a man in both physical and intellectual dimen-       sions. John lived is Glendale, California and attended a       number of our IEAUG meetings despite the very long drned to them. The publisher was Serendipity Productions       and no names were ever listed in their newsletters. It did       not appear that it was a users group and no mention was ever      made about meetings. But what a newsletter!! Far and away       the best I have ever read.      -In May 1985, The ADAM Users of Southern California       (AUSOCAL) published their first newsletter. The principal       writers were the founder, Harvey Klein; and Paul Schector.       This group drew its support fed with a       users group was the Expandable Computer News published by       Sage Enterprises. It began publication in April of 1984,       which makes it one of the earliest, if not THE earliest       ADAM newsletter. It is largely written by Darrel Sage, but      there were many regular contributors who were among the most      prolific writers of that time.      Sage Enterprises was also a commercial venture. Toward the       end, their interest turned to the Amstrad computer and very       sillness and died very       quickly. Understandably, Harvey couldn't continue the       enormous workload of scheduling meeting places, putting        out a newsletter etc., so he arranged to merge AUSOCAL with      IEAUG.      A compromise location in Anaheim California was convenient       for both groups and that is where it is today. The AUSOCAL       newsletter was published for about three years.       -In July 1985, Jono Smith embarked on his short-lived       California ADAM Users group, (Cangely,       Larry joined the San Diego club because be wasn't aware that      there were any ADAM groups in his area. Actually, at the       time, there was another very active ADAM group in this area,       (besides IEAUG), and that was AUSOCAL --ADAM Users of South-         ern California.      -One of the all-time best technical newsletters began its       short life in February of 1985. That was the bi-monthly ADAM       Technical Journal of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. I never knew what       happeive.       Before moving to the Family Computing Forum, John was the       mainstay at the Creative Computing magazine's ADAM section       of CompuServe.       Later, when he was billed for over $900 by CIS, (which John       maintained was in error), be abruptly left CIS and the sysops      job fell to the 12-year-old Jono Smith. Shortly afterward,       John bought an Amiga and sold the residue of his ADAM        equipment to Tom Ball of IEAUG.      -Another independent publication, not affiliatrom the Los Angeles and San       Fernando Valley regions.  The group was comprised of a       highly technically oriented membership. They maintained a       close liaison with the Inland Empire ADAM Users Group.      Harvey, who was the sparkpluq of AUSOCAL, was burning the       candle at both ends. He was working on his thesis for an       advanced degree which would be more than enough for most        people. His wife who helped type his manuscripts, was       suddenly stricken with a terminal hortly thereafter, the bimonthly ECN folded.      -The Kansas Coleco ADAM Users Group under David Carmichael,       began publishing their newsletter from Wichita, Kansas in       November 1985. It has been a mainstay in the ADAM community       ever since. David Carmichael has also been very active in       PLINK, which has one of the friendliest ADAM forums in the       country.      -The following month The Greater Cincinatti ADAM Users       Stomp began publishing a newsletter from Covington, Kee occurred as other work interfered with ADAM work.      The second was a company known as JJ's Gourmet Hardware and Software Exchange. It was later to be known as Orphanware and later still as CL Digital. And now, according to it's founder, John Lingrel, it is Gone With  The Wind.      Thomas J. Keene      IEAUG and hard disk drives which are designed to interface with the ADAM. That is to say, you cannot use an Apple, Commodore or other oo vanished. (Don Reese is now       living in Diamond Bar, California and has disposed of all       of his ADAM gear as well as his huge collection of ADAMANIA.      An IEAUG member, Bob Gorden, of Yorba Linda, California       bought his equipment (IEAUG has his vast library of computer       programs (disks) and written documents). In the year 1985 there were a few more influential user groups founded. If they published newsletters, I have never seen any. The Bellevue AUG was started by Norm Castro  was assembling digital data drive boards.  They were taking bare circuit boards, stuffing them with parts, then putting them through a wave soldering machine.      That day I was impressed with how much work could be done by this company it such a short period of time.  I have heard ADAM owners "putting down" Coleco for stopping production and support of the ADAM and ColecoVision. But I feel that these people are unaware of the kind of dedication that was typical of Coleco with respect to their products.Users group.       -Brian Stranahan was listed in almost every newsletter in the country as having the Southern California ADAM Users group. This was never the case.   Brian did attend a number of the early meetings when plans were being developed for a users group; but he dropped out, and to my knowledge, there never was a group led by him.      -Another piece of nostalgia concerns two early hardware companies. The first was EVE ELECTRONICS, in Vermont. Eve produced 64K memory expanders, etc. Their demisntucky.      It was the work of Harold Orndorff and Keith Bowman.      -The Denver ADAM Users Groups began publishing newsletters.       The Denver Newsletter was a bimonthly publication by Jesse       Thornhill II.      -I wonder how away of you recall the ADAMNET. It was the       property of Don Reese and generally operated out of Arkansas.      It had numerous addresses in Arkansas.   Although it was a       commercial venture, it had a large impact on the ADAM       community. Ultimately, it tÌ1 ×68Chapter III: Creation of ADAMThe ADAM Survival Guide      Chapter III: Creation of ADAM      by Phil Kosowski       by Phil Kosowski, former employee of Coleco COLECO INDUSTRIES INC.: The "COLECO" part from the company's original name "COnnecticut LEather COmpany" was in some ways a very amazing company. I still remember being on an empty floor when a high up official gave the order to start making boards. Within three hours the floor went from empty, to having a line set up and running. The linein the Omaha, Nebraska area Norm is still very active and has the exclusive rights to sell the back issues of Expandable Computer News and some other now extinct newsletters (see the chapter by Norm on Newsletters).      -There was a group that Don Zimmerman started in the east, called the Genessee Valley AUG.      -Russell Williams in New York City founded the Metro AUG.      -In Bloomsburg, Pa. Steve Chamberlain formed the (717) ADAM Users group.      -And In El Paso, Texas Dick Lewin formed an ADAM       Coleco was a company that, throughout its existence, has gone 'all out' on a number of different products. Some of these products earned them large amounts of money, and others almost sank the company. The ADAM was one of the products that placed a large financial strain on the company.   Why was support dropped for the ADAM? I am not sure, but most likely it had something to do with deals Coleco made at the end of 1984 or beginning of 1985, when Coleco decided to get out of the electronics business. and         Fifth, went through another final tester for that much of the assembly.         Sixth, the boards were then assembled in a data drive, and         Seventh, were tested again before going to,         Eighth, the "one hour burn in" test. This test read aid wrote to every block on a blank tape, and took about one hour to perform. That is why Coleco called it the "one hour burn in" test        Ninth, after this test, the data drive was installed in a memory console and was then tested again. Wed the ADAM too soon. The bugs should have been worked out before the ADAM was released to the market. The releasing of a computer that did not work wrecked consumer confidence in the ADAM name; and still today a bad impression remains in the minds of many people. I cannot believe the number of people whom I know, who bought ADAMs when they first came out, and returned them because they would not work.      The ADAM was as extremely large project for Coleco to start up. Coleco not only produced most of the don't know that for certain. It was a fairly good newsletter but not as good as  many others of the months that followed.      (Editor's Note: M.W. Ruth, is thought by some to be an       abbreviation for "my Wife Ruth", "Ruth" being the name of       the wife of Jay. Ruth seems to have run the M.W. Ruth       operation quite successfully until it failed to make       royalty payments to authors and manufacturers of some of       their  products).      -The ADAMLAND NEWS of the International ADAM Ushe amount of testing that Coleco performed was just unbelievable. The testing that was performed on various parts of the ADAM was done with computerized test equipment.   The testing that the data drive went through was:        First, the read/write and servo boards would each go through a short test         Second, they went through a go-no-go test, and         Third, through a final tester for that much of the assembly        Fourth, the boards were put together and went through another go-no-go test,      Coleco put a great amount of effort into the ADAM, even to the point of selling off some very profitable products it order to generate a cash base to continue production. One such line that was sold off, was the "above ground swimming pools", of which Coleco was the largest manufacturer in the country.      Coleco went all out on the ADAM, taking a great financial risk, which, because of certain events, did not turn out as they might have hoped. The only blame that I put or Coleco is that they releashen the memory console was paired up with the rest of the items that make up an ADAM system,         Tenth, the drive was tested again.       This basic testing method was done on all the ADAM items that were made by Coleco.other commercial national ADAM users group begin publication. It was the SPRITE CHASER put out by the No. 1 ADAM Users Group of Cherry Hill New Jersey. The president was Jay H. Forman, and it appeared to be affiliated with the M.W. Ruth Company, although I circuit boards and assembled the printer, data drive, and memory console; but also produced its own plastic aid metal parts for the printer, data drives and memory console. The metal parts such as shields and power supply chassis were made in Coleco's Gloverville, New York plant. The plastic parts such as the housings, covers, latches, etc., were made in Coleco's plastic plant in Mayfield.       Coleco even made its own computerized test equipment for test boards and assemblies (in Amsterdam New York).  TÌ1 ×66     Subject: HOW DO THESE PEOPLE SURVIVE!!! > > > > > > > > >  Recently, I went to McDonald's, I saw on the > > >menu that you could have an order of 6, 9 or 12 > > >Chicken McNuggets, so I asked for a half dozen > > >nuggets. > > >"We don't have half a dozen nuggets", said the > > >teenager behind the counter. > > >"You don't?" I replied. > > >She replied, "We only have six, nine, or twelve," > > >"So I can't order a half-dozen nuggets, but I can > > >order six?" > > >"That's right." So I shook my >"What do I do?" > > >"Just use the copier machine paper," the secretary told her. > > >With that, the intern took her last remaining blank > > >piece of paper, put it on the photocopier and > > >proceeded to make five "blank" copies. > > > > >I was in a car dealership a while ago, when a large > > >motor home was towed into the garage. The front > > >of the vehicle was in dire need of repair and the > > >whole thing, generally, looked like an extra in "Twister". > > >I asked the> manager what had happenivider" looking it all over for the bar code > > >so she could scan it. Not finding the bar code, she > > >said to me "Do you know how much this is?" so I > > >said to her, "I've changed my mind, I don't think I'll > > >buy that today".  She said, "OK", and I paid her for > > >the things and left. She had no clue as to what had > > >just happened.....> > >MAKES YOU WONDER HOW THESE PEOPLE CAN SURVIVE!!! > > >  A lady at work was seen putting a credit card into > > >her floppy drive and pulling it out ve>question: "I've got smoke coming from the back > > >of my terminal. Do you guys have a fire downtown?" > > > > >IDIOTS ARE EASY TO PLEASE: > > >I was sitting in my science class, when the teacher > > >commented that the next day would be the shortest > > >day of the year.  My lab partner became visibly > > >excited, cheering and clapping. I explained to her > > >that the amount of daylight changes, not the actual > > >amount of time. > > >Needless to say, she was very disappointed. > > > > >Police in R have a battery to fit this?" > > >I said, "Hmmm, I dunno, do you have an alarm too?" > > >"No, just this remote thingy," she answered, > > >handing it and the car keys to me. As I took the > > >key and manually unlocked the door, I replied, > > >"Why don't you drive over there and check about > > >the batteries, it's a long walk. > > > > >Several years ago, we had an Intern who was none > > >too swift. One day she was typing and turned to a > > >secretary and said, "I'm almost out of typing  paper. > > head and ordered six > > >McNuggets.> > >* The paragraph above, doesn't amaze me because > > >of what happened a couple of months ago. > > >I was at the check out in the local 'Foodland', with > > >just a few items and the lady behind me put her > > >things on the belt close to mine. > > >I picked up one of those 'Dividers' that they keep > > >by the cash register and placed it between our > > >things, so they wouldn't get mixed. > > >After the girl had scanned all of my items, she picked > > >up the "Ded. He > > >told me that the driver had set the "cruise control" > > >and then went in the back to make a sandwich. > > > > >IDIOTS AT WORK... > > >Sign in a gas station: Coke -- 49 cents. Two for a dollar. > > > > >IDIOTS & COMPUTERS > > >My neighbor works in the operations department > > >  in the central office of a large bank.  Employees in > > >the field call him when they have problems with > > >their computers. One night he got a call from a > > >woman in one of the branch banks who had this > > ry quickly. > > >When I inquired as to what she was doing, she said > > >she was shopping on the Internet and they kept > > >asking for a credit card number, so she was using > > >the ATM "thingy". > > > > >I recently saw a distraught young lady weeping > > >beside her car. Do you need some help?" I asked. > > >  She replied, "I knew I should have replaced the > > >battery to this remote door unlocker. Now I can't > > >get into my car. Do you think they (pointing to a > > >distant convenient store) wouldadnor, Pennsylvania, interrogated a > > >suspect by placing a metal colander on his head > > >and connecting it with wires to a photocopy machine. > > >The message "He's lying" was placed in the copier, > > >and the police pressed the copy button each time > > >they thought the suspect wasn't telling the truth. > > >Believing the "lie detector" was working, the > > >suspect confessed.TRUTH OR FICTION !!!!!!!!!  YOU DECIDE !!!!!!! pen out there in the real world.  This file is entitled CRAZIES1 and it does not fall far from the truth in today's world.  IF it puts a smile on your face for even a minute or two, then it did it's job!!  :-)We also have a copy of the registration form from a long ago past convention.  It is here to give you ALL an idea of the costs vs. the services provided for the convention.  Use it AS A GUIDE  to ADAMCON XIII (AC13).  Rich may or may not use it and it's monetary values........but it will at least be Ì1 ×68        April 2001 ADAM NEWS NETWORK MEDIA=================================================================This month we have some late breaking news from the upcoming ADAM convention.  Being held in Cleveland OHIO area on Jul 12-15th; we NEED ALL who care to come and join us.   I realize that most of you who read this have an ADAM and have probably attended at least one convention.  For those of you who have NOT attended an ADAM convention, I can hardly explain to you what happens at a conven- t>"What do I do?" > > >"Just use the copier machine paper," the secretary told her. > > >With that, the intern took her last remaining blank > > >piece of paper, put it on the photocopier and > > >proceeded to make five "blank" copies. > > > > >I was in a car dealership a while ago, when a large > > >motor home was towed into the garage. The front > > >of the vehicle was in dire need of repair and the > > >whole thing, generally, looked like an extra in "Twister". > > >I asked the> manager what had happent will undoubtedly be a GREAT ONE!!!!!  Plan now to attend, if not for the entire convention of Thursday evening thru Sunday evening, then at least drop in for a day or two!!!This month we have the first few chapters from the ADAM SURVIVAL GUIDE which have been scanned in, edited and generally preserved for the ADAM community courtesy of Scott Gordon - now studying hard to learn all he can about computer programming, etc.   We also have some antidotes found here and there about the crazy things that hap don't know that for certain. It was a fairly good newsletter but not as good as  many others of the months that followed.      (Editor's Note: M.W. Ruth, is thought by some to be an       abbreviation for "my Wife Ruth", "Ruth" being the name of       the wife of Jay. Ruth seems to have run the M.W. Ruth       operation quite successfully until it failed to make       royalty payments to authors and manufacturers of some of       their  products).      -The ADAMLAND NEWS of the International ADAM Usclose and be a user guide!!!Hopefully we will ave for you on the MAY offering, some more and more definitive news on various pricing venues for the convention.                     UNTIL THEN !!!!!!!   HAPPY COMPUTING !!!! t you drive over there and check about > > >the batteries, it's a long walk. > > > > >Several years ago, we had an Intern who was none > > >too swift. One day she was typing and turned to a > > >secretary and said, "I'm almost out of typing  paper. > > ion.  We who attend are indeed a close knit group, but are looking for new members to include in the ADAM user ranks.  We have become small enough that we almost feel like a family reunion, and as any family reunion does, we ENCOURAGE & WELCOME new members to come aboard !!!!  We have a lot of ADAM computer talk; pc talk as it relates to the ADAM and some that's not; just plain visiting and a lot of FUN with each and every delegate.  This is the 3rd convention that the bunch form Cleveland have hosted, so iÌ1 ×77                         ADAMCON 13 - July, 2001             USE AS AN UNOFFICIAL GUIDE ONLY !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!                             REGISTRATION RATES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Full Delegate  Thur-Fri-Sat-Sun   Non-delegate spouse Thur-Fri-Sat-Sun 4 nights room, 3 breakfasts, 3   4 nights room-3 breakfasts-1 banquet lunches, 1 banquet   * $275.00                                $210.00                  Full delegate child under 1 Enter name of person you wish to have as a roommate_____________Do you wish to be in a non-smoking room? YES____ NO____Do you want an ADAMCON 13 T-shirt? ($10.00 ??) ea. YES___ NO___ (circle size) M L XL XXL Do you want an ADAMCON 13 hat? ($8.00 ??) __YES __NO Delegate                 _________    Spouse                _________    Children              _________    Del. child            _________ Day Pass     Friday               _________     Saturday             _________     Sunday    2 nights room-1 breakfast, 1 banquet lunch, 1 banquet       $190.00                               $130.00                                Day Passes      Friday delegate         - w/ lunch only..........................$30.00       * - w/lunch, 1 night room, Sat breakfast...$85.00      Saturday delegate         - w/lunch only...........................$30.00       * - w/lunch,1 night room, Sun breakfast....$85.00      Sunday delegate         - w/lunch only...........................$30.00   >question: "I've got smoke coming from the back > > >of my terminal. Do you guys have a fire downtown?" > > > > >IDIOTS ARE EASY TO PLEASE: > > >I was sitting in my science class, when the teacher > > >commented that the next day would be the shortest > > >day of the year.  My lab partner became visibly > > >excited, cheering and clapping. I explained to her > > >that the amount of daylight changes, not the actual > > >amount of time. > > >Needless to say, she was very disappointed. > > > > >Police in Rn advance thru payments of any amount at any time.   All reservations MUST BE PAID BY JULY 1st to guarantee registration.                          ADAMCON 13 REGISTRATION FORMNAME_______________________________ SPOUSE_______________________ADRESS_______________________________________ PHONE:_____________CITY____________________STATE/PROV______________ZIP CODE_________CHILDREN:1st _______________AGE ____ 2nd ``_______________AGE____If traveling alone and wish to share a room, check here_____8      Non-delegate child under 18 4 nights room, 3 breakfasts, 3   nights room-3 breakfasts, 1 banquet lunches, 1 banquet     $125.00   in room w/ 2 adults)         $65.00 (in room w/ 2 adults)Full Delegate       Fri-Sat-Sun  Non-delegate spouse      Fri-Sat-Sun 3 nights room, 2 breakfasts, 2  3 nights room-2 breakfast, 1 banquet lunches, 1 banquet     $235.00                               $170.00Full Delegate           Sat-Sun  Non-delegate spouse          Sat-Sun 2 nights room, 1 breakfast, 1              _________Single room     +#30.00 per night x __ = _________ T-Shirt          $10.00  _________ Hat               $8.00  _________                TOTAL   ___________         DEPOSIT/PAID _____________         BALANCE DUE ______________Make checks payable to: "ADAMCON 13" in U.S. funds and send to:              ADAMCON XIII              c/o Rich Drushel               3353 Mayfield Road              Cleveland Heights, OH 44118-1329              email: drushel@apk.net      - w/lunch and banquet....................$65.00       * - w/lunch, banquet, l night room........$125.00 Non-delegate spouse meals available for additional cost of:        Fri, Sat, Sun lunch $9 each    For other configurations for attendance, please contact the  chairman. *room rates are based on double occupancy; for single occupancy     room ADD $30.00 per night to cost of convention registration A payment plan is available for ADAMCON 13 delegates that wish to pay their convention fee iåååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååå