يEيCfأ       Initializing Media      ver  have  seen  that  issue  until  the  beginning   of September.  It has one  of  those  cosmic sorter and stacker  gizmos hooked onto the end and will also  do single to double-sided copies. All  this means a vast saving  in  time  and as a result, I can  now offer each and every one of you a  chance  to  catch up  on  missing information  by  being  able   to  knock  out  back  issues  for  as little  as 50 pence per copy.  So  how    about   completing    your collection  of newsletters.  Take  this  ANN-10/94  پUھے BOOT       گDIRECTORY  ط0304NEWSH €05OPEN94H 
€06PROFILH 09WPCHIPH 12BEGIN6H 18TDOS04H 

23DBTIP7H $AC6PROGH  ,€AC6RPORTH F€ADAMWPH   W€BBSHOLICH cBRAYMENH  hCPM-CC01H jCPM-CC02H wREADME1STH†€BLOCKS LEFTچ to  any    combination    of    their products.  This will ensure  that  we will still have the capability to  expand  our  systems  in  the  future  with  quality   hardware. Those  of  us  who  have  already  purchased  the Micro  Innovations Hard Eٍive will know what I  mean  by quality hardware.              (                       The VISA ADVISA                                 David  Cobley  of  the  Vancouver Island  Senior Adamphiles  (VISA)  informs  me that they will  cease publication  of t‚EےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےGreetings.  I had a great  Summer break  and hope you had one  too.  The  last issue was put  together one day before I flew out to  the  beautiful island of Rhodes and if it was not for the purchase of  a  new    photocopier   you    would probably  neopportunity to fill in  the "blanks".                                                                                 MICRO INNOVATIONS                                 Mark Gordon wishes to assure  the ADAM  community  that  they   are  still  in  business  even  though certain  aspects of the  business  has  changed. They are no  longer developing new products for  ADAM  with the exception of the ADAMnet hard  disk  drive  but  they  are  looking  for someone to  buy  the design or manufacturing rightsihe  VISA  ADVISA  newsletter       after        the November/December   1994    issue  although  the users group  itself will  continue  to  support  ADAM  users. We newsletter editors know what  a  time consuming,  and  in  some respects, thankless task  it is  to put together a  newsletter  especially when material has  not been   as  forthcoming   as   was  expected in the past.                                             I'd like to take this opportunity to  thank  all  involved  in  the  production o  month so I can attend the Saturday Meetings        Voice Mail (416) 265-1424    ***Listen  to entire  message so  you know how to  leave  a message                      The  Bulletin Board  will  be reached at (416) 265-6837  so don't    stop calling...I'll  be around  and  involved  as   Iusually am!!                 Thanks  Michael Hurst  SystemOperator      NEW=CANADA=PBBSCurrent Number (416) 962-7415                             New  Number  effective   20th August 1994 ***(416) 265-6837       two   plus   weeks   and    other wonderful news in my view is that  I  am  leaving  Toronto  for  the great  white North as  they  say.  Heading to the Very nice Northern Ontario Community of  Huntsville.  A  mere 43 kms to the  Provin-cal Park  and  from the  trailer!  in  summer  4kms  to  Huntsville!!  I plan  to share a house  with  two  other friends, the bulletin board will  be at my mothers home  here  in Toronto.                      Her  Name is  Grace  Holtforester and  if you have a major  otini  of NIAD managed to  track  down  some word processor  chips. Both he and Walters Software have  had a brief look at the  Revision 81  and  84 chips and  will  soon  decide, if there is a demand,  to release   them  to  the   general  public.  Their  initial  findings are reviewed herein.                                              Also   in  this  issue   is   our beginners    guide   to    add-on  equipment for the ADAM.                                           My  dBASE II tutorial goes on  tn!                                         Further   addition   of   current available  as of August 27th  you  will  reach  the  Board  in   the following ways;                                                   New Contact Information                                           N C P SysOp:                     Michael Hurst                   Trailer in Huntsville        (705) 788-1104                                                Currently plan to be in by the fourth thursday or friday of each   f the VISA ADVISA for providing  us  in  the  UK   with  excellent  news and reviews  from Canada and wish all the best  for  the  users group as you  continue operations in the future.                                                         News from The NEW CANADA PBBS                                 Hey Ho! Folks;                                                    SORRY!!  the system has not  been available  lately  the  last  few  weeks, I have had technical probs and  the board has been down  the                                                      NEW STUFF                                 GRAPHIC   FILE  ADDRESSER  is   a database  written  under   GODOS.  Yes,  remember that Graphic  Disk Operating System by Solomon Swift  &  Tony Patterson's Phoenix  2000 company.  I have a  review  taken  from  the  463  ADAM   newsletter which  will show you what can  be  done    with    this    erstwhile unfinished operating system.                                      As  reported  a while  back,  Jim Nproblem  you  can send mail to her  for  a quick response!                                                   I  will  be in Toronto  once  per month   to  go  to  the   doctors  dentist   and  to  go   to   club meetings   and   participate   in  computer related activities, also am  hoping  to  put  together  my  first  newsletter  for  Mtag   in September with the Help of Harvie  Powis, Co-Sysop this board!                                       Please  excuse the  recontrustion and hope to see you sooo explain  how  to  print   mailing  labels for the customer database. It  may run a little slow but  it  is really effective. This is  due to  its having to  calculate  the  width  of  each address  line  in order  to produce  double  column  printing on double column address labels.                                                      ADAMCON 6                               This year's ADAM CONVENTION  took place October 6-9 and as yet,  we  have   had  no  reports  of   how successful  it was but if it connected to  an  ADAM  printer  cable so it could run the ADAM itself. I intend to fit a plug for  it  to  run  the Micro Innovations Floppy  Disk  Drives  and  the  Steering  Wheel module. The other equipment that could  run  from  this unit is the external modem which needs 9v DC and the printer  buffer which also needs 9v DC.Next  there was a short video showing Chris Breymen's  ADAMCON  4  demo on music programs for ADAM. Here I was able to point out the  faces  of  the people that I have been wt  of  each piece.  At the end of  the  game,  when  Bob was in check mate,  his  "CHECK MATE" in a clear voice.                                    Also from Chris is a program  for recording your voice on the ADAM.                                 That's  all  for now  'till  next times you to create command files.  In these       files, you can put instructions both to MEX112 and to the remote       computerIt took 3  tries  as  I kept getting a dirty connection which kept sending  garbage  to the screen. Eventually I was able to show how, with the  PBBS,  the  software enabled me to treat the BBS as if it was  a  remote  disk  drive.  For example, just typing A:(ret), I was  on  the  A  drive.  I was then able to do a DIR to show the files. By  typing  B:(ret) I was on the B drive. I stumbled along a lone file called  -READ.ME which was 4k in length. I then typed ZMD S -READ.ME  and  the  PBBS prompted me tha‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے.pn5.he                           OPEN DAY 94Only one member turned up at my home.We  kicked off at 10:30 with a run down on the IBM  power  supply  and the voltages that it could support and what I had planned  to  connect  to  it. I already had  I  get  some information in time, I  will print it up in the next issue.                                  There  was  supposed  to  be   an unveiling  of a super  new  Chess  Game by Chris Breymen of Bonafide systems. As the software is FREE,  I  will  try to get  some  copies sent over in time for Christmas.                                    Apparently, Chris Breymen and Bob Blair  played the game  over  the  telephone   and  their   computer screens  displayed the same  game  board  and the movemenriting about  for  years.  Apart from Chris, the clearly visible people were Ron Collins and  his  son, Mark Gordon and his son, Norman Castro,  Ron  Mitchell,  Thomas Keene and Rich Drushell.One  of the member's specific needs was to be able to log onto  a  BBS  and  do  a download. This was something that  could  not  be  demonstrated  on  a live telephone line at our regular  venue  as  there  was no telephone line at the Stanley Halls. I used my  own  telephone  line to log onto the NEW CANADA PBBS. .  MEX112 will execute the command file just as if you       were typing everything in at the keyboard.  You can, for example,       create a command file that will dial your favorite bulletin board,       give your name and password, save all messages to you in a disk       file, and then log off.           This feature has potential, but from what I read on some       bulletin boards, people have trouble getting complicated command       files to work--unexpected responses or delays can cause   t the file was ready for downloading.  I  then used my ZMP command, (ESC)R and recieved the file  whereupon  I  logged out of the BBS and used WordStar to read  the  -READ.ME  file. Simple as that.Hopefully,  the day was not a complete waste of time because  the  one  member who turned up had my undivided attention and did  not  leave empty-handed. By now, he should be well into the 80  column  video  system purchased on the day for a much reduced  price.  No  more <Control> arrow key combinations.Let Physics Laboratory.2) Computer Service Engineer then Lecturer on same.3) Development   Engineer   in  charge   of   an   Experimental           Plastics Department.4) Quality Control Assessment in the Steel Industry.Quite   a   wide  background  but  it  was  all   of   use   when            ultimately working for the Government!In  terms  of  my usage of ADAM I have found  SmartWRITER  to  be            perfectly  adequate for all the Word Processing I have needed  to  generate   on   a  day  to‚Mےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے.pn6Following  the  Jun/Jul  94 Profile by  Vincent  Wilmot  plus  my            subsequent  chat  with  Keith  (Marner),  I  have  attempted   to      'keep the ball rolling' with the following.                         PROFILE.                    ly returned to  the above three programs, with the exception of some current usage of  TDOS.Well  that's  enough  about  me!. I'm only as  far  away  as  the            telephone if I can be of help to any of you!.e NEW CANADA PBBS                                 Hey Ho! Folks;                                                    SORRY!!  the system has not  been available  lately  the  last  few  weeks, I have had technical probs and  the board has been down  theent  of    the Ministry of Defense where I had been concerned for over  20 years  with the  Assessment of Contractors working on Defense Contracts.Prior  to  working  for the Government, I moved  around  both  in   terms    of   employment  and  locations.  (both  in  the   UK   &                    Overseas.)Having  originally trained as an Aircraft Electrical  Engineer  I  was       subsequently   involved   in  the   following   fields   of                  employment:1) Development Engineer in's  see if we can get a full house next year and maybe I  will  consider hiring the hall again.e  users group as you  continue operations in the future.                                                         News from The NEW CANADA PBBS                                 Hey Ho! Folks;                                                    SORRY!!  the system has not  been available  lately  the  last  few  weeks, I have had technical probs and  the board has been down  the  day  basis.   SmartBASIC   has   been       suitable  for  all  the  Basic  programs  I  have  ever  created.            Lastly  I have found SmartFILER to be comprehensive enough  as  a  Filer     Database  to  meet  all  my  domestic  needs   and   also       sometimes,   to  generate  limited  Data  Bases  for  use  in   my      employment to generate Contract and Personnel records.I  have experimented (and 'reviewed' for UKAS) quite a number  of  other     programs, but still have always ultimate     -------JOHN MASON BICKLEY.Tel: 0752-341932. (Plymouth).Date: 04/09/94.I  originally  detailed  my ADAM 'holdings'  in  the  Oct/Nov  91    Journal  but have subsequently upgraded my system mainly  by  the purchase of a Hard Disc Drive and a 80 Column Monitor. The  total  cost  of  my ADAM in terms of Hardware & Software has  been  just about #2,800 over a period of 10 years.I am now a 'gentleman of leisure' having retired prematurely  due  to  ill   health from the Quality Assurance  Departm‚Gےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے.RR--!----!----!----!----!----!----!----!----!----!----!------------R  .pn9.he          SmartWRITER CHIP SETS by Jim Walters & Jim Notini         .h2Courtesy of NIADSmartWRITER is one of the easiest to use word processor programs ever  written for anyb of combining the two revisions much easier.I  highly recommend either Revision 81 if you can live with the  bugs  and want the new features. Revision 84 if you want the bugs fixed and  don't need the new features.I  would  be glad to answer any questions you may have  about  either  revision. If by mail please include a S.A.S.E.WALTERS SOFTWARE CO. C/O James N. Walters, Rd 4 Box 289-A Titusville,  PA 16354, USA. Tel: 0101-814-827-3776 contains some fixes and options. Revision  84  contains  only fixes. I have only spent a day working with both revisions so  I  am sure this is only a partial list.REVISION 81:1.  Scroll  bug  fixed  in  window  mode,  this  fixes  several  text  formatting bugs.2. Memory Full routine works better, but not perfect.3.  Search  has a go to Top of Text, and End of  Page  command.  This  works real nice for larger documents.4.  Print has a print option to print from the cursor to the  end  of  document. capable of connection to all kinds of wonderful gadgets  but  what are they and what can they do for you as you strive  to  expand your system?THE FLOPPY DISK DRIVEThe  ADAM,  if it were not for its typewriter  feature  would  be  quite  useless as a computer if you could not save any work  that  you may have spent hours slaving over. That is why ADAM came with  a  built  in Digital Data Drive and a tape to store the  work  on  called  a Digital Data Pack (DDP). This is situated at the  front  and  oo  be  able to purchase enough EPROMs to get the lowest price possible. This  would  keep the cost down for everyone that would purchase a set.  So  let us know if you would be interested in purchasing a set.If  interest  is  high  enough I would  consider  combining  the  new  features  and fixes from Revision 81 and 84 into a new revision.  The  new revision would require a lot of work because the assembly has  to  be done by hand. If the source code for SmartWRITER could be found it  would make the jo computer. The SmartKEYs guide the user to the correct  options. The only problem with SmartWRITER is a few bugs contained in  the program. Believe me all software programs contain bugs. Some bugs  might  be very hard to find and under normal use may  never  surface.  SmartWRITER  users  have learned to live with these  bugs  with  very  little effort.I really like SmartWRITER and still use it to answer letters from  my  customers. We now have two more SmartWRITER programs to choose  from.  Revision  81 ‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے.pn12.he               BEGINNING WITH ADAM by K.A. Marner.h2                   Pt 6 PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT.Well,  if  you have been following the series so  far,  you  will  realise  that  the ADAM has expansion ports all  over  the  place  which areREVISION 84:1. Scroll bug fixed.2. Clear memory option works great.3. Memory Full routine works perfect.You may wonder why Revision 81 contains new options while 84 contains  only fixes. I would guess that Coleco started Revision 81 before they  found  out about the bugs. I believe Coleco intended to combine  them  into one after most of the bugs were worked out.I  have converted the 4 chip sets, used by Coleco programmers,  to  2  chip  sets used by most all production machines. I would like  tn the left hand side of the Memory Console. There  is  also  room  for  a second Data Drive to the right of this and  it  only  takes about a minute to install. Although the Data Drive was fast  compared  to  other  tape  drives  around  at  the  time,  it  is  considered  slow  as compared with today's  Floppy  Disk  Drives.  Coleco's disk drive could only store 160k (160  kilobytes=160,000  bytes or characters) of information on a single sided 5 1/4  inch  diskette whereas the DDP could hold 256k of inforas  on  the  hard disk, it is ready after 3 seconds of choosing  it  from  the EOS menu. I'll just explain briefly what is meant by EOS and CP/M and  they  will  be mentioned from time to time. EOS  (Elementary  Operating  System)  is built into the ADAM's Read Only Memory (ROM)  and  as  such is what the ADAM will use to translate the instructions  you  give  it,  into  the  language it knows  which  is  a  series  of  sequences  of  ones and zeros after it sets aside  Random  Access  Memory  (RAM)  in th each other. That is  to  say  that  a  diskette  from one 5 1/4 inch drive could be read by and  written  to by another 5 1/4 inch disk drive. Obviously, the single  sided  disk  drive  could  only access the one side of  a  double  sided  diskette.  Next came the 3 1/2 inch disk drive which could  store  720k of information on its diskettes.All  of these disk drives connected to the ADAM via  the  ADAMnet  port which, as discussed earlier in the series, could be the port  in  front of the memory consomputers)  is  ADAM's   other  operating  system and has to be loaded into the ADAM to take  the  place  of  the  EOS.  From then  on,  ADAM  will  only  recognise  instructions in the CP/M format. It will no longer list the files  on  a  data pack or disk when you type CATALOG. It will  only  do  this  if  you  type DIR which is short  for  DIRECTORY.  CP/M  is  available  for  other computers, not just ADAM,  and  because  of  this,  we had applications that ran on other computers  available  for ADAM. Siessor  only.  SmartBASIC and CP/M and its  derivative,  TDOS,  will all recognise two disk drives.THE HARD DRIVEThis  represents  the largest storeage device for  any  computer.  Currently,  ADAM  owners  have the choice of any size  up  to  40  megabytes  (Mb)  and access to the information stored on  a  hard  disk  in  terms of speed is just incomparible to that of  a  data  drive.  For example, SmartBASIC will run from a data  pack  after  about 1 minute 30 seconds of pulling the reset switch wheremation but speed  is of the essence here. It was not long after the release of  the  Coleco  disk  drive  that  one or  two  independent  (of  Coleco)  companies  produced  modification  to the Coleco  disk  drive  by  adding  the mechanics from a double sided disk drive such as  the  ones  used in the IBM XT computers. This obviously increased  its  storage  power  to 320k. Then came the double sided  disk  drives  that  were  completely manufactured by non-Coleco  companies  and  were  all  compatible  wiwhich it will maneuver those  ones  and  zeros.  Examples of EOS applications are the SmartWRITER word  processor,  SmartBASIC, SmartLOGO, AdamCALC and the supergame tapes. When you  are playing a game and move the joystick up, down, left or right,  the  EOS tells ADAM that those movements have to make a shape  on  the screen move in those directions. With SmartBASIC, for another  example, ADAM will list the files on a data pack or disk when you  type the word CATALOG.CP/M  (Control  Program  for  Microcole or the one to the left, near  the  power input socket. You can connect two such devices in a sort of  daisy-chain with one disk drive connected to the second and  then  to the ADAM because each disk drive came with two ADAMnet  ports.  While it will recognise 2 data drives if you have them connected,  don't  be surprised that your word processor only says  you  have  one  disk  drive  when you know you have connected  two  of  them  correctly. This is a missing feature within the SmartWRITER  word  procnce those early days, CP/M has been enhanced to  make  it more efficient and this enhanced operating system is called T-  DOS which stands for Tony's Disk Operating System. Tony being the  given name of the man who did most of the work on enhancing CP/M,  namely  Tony Morehen. When you read about CP/M applications,  you  can also take it to mean T-DOS applications as well. Examples  of  CP/M  applications  are  the WordStar  word  processor,  E-Basic,  SuperCalc and dBASE.The  popular hard disk drives ar type.    The DIR  command  will  display these in lower case if the last  character    is  an alphabetic  character.  The TDIR program will display these in         inverse  video regardless  of  the character (even a blank). TDOS             automatically  resets  the archive  bit whenever the file is written to. You  can use TDIR with  the  '/A' option to display files which have not been      archived since their last update.CRUNCH.COM  and  MAINT.COM  (the latter by yours truly) can make  use  of   n the centre interface card. To boot means to bring  into  operation.So far, I have mentioned the floppy disk drive and the hard  disk  drive.  I  will  stop here and ask our  members,  who  have  more  devices  connected to their ADAMs than these two, to write  in  a  tell  me what other devices the beginner should know about and  I  will make them the subject of the next article. display all files.Not  ALL  application programs reset the archive bit after  working  with     the file.  In  particular, programs that write to an existing file  must      must  on their  own  initiative  reset  the archive bit.  When  using  these  types  of programs,  make  a few tests to determine their compatibility  with archiving schemes.How often should you do backups? That depends on the uses you make of your    own system,  the value of the information, and the consequences arising  from‚Nےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے.po1.pn18.he                    USING TDOS - ADVANCED By Guy Cousineau.h2                Pt 4: Archiving, Command History and SmartKEYS                                  ARCHIVINGThe ARCHIVE bit in CP/M is located in the last character of the filee from Micro Innovations  and  is  connected  to  the  ADAM via ribbon cable to  an  interface  card  sitting  in either the left hand slot or the centre slot  in  the  memory  console. Each hard disk is divided in two areas. One  for  EOS  programs  and  the other for TDOS. Unlike  the  floppy  disk  dives,  you  have to tell the ADAM to recognise it  is  there  by  loading a boot disk or activating a boot PROM (Programmable  Read  Only  Memory) which might be in a game cartridge form or  a  chip  seated o  the archive  bit to crunch only the files which have not been archived. After the compression is completed, the archive bit is set in the source file.You should periodically use the '/A' option in TDIR to remind you when you    are overdue for backups. I use a submit file called NOTBU.SUB.                                 TDIR %1 /$/AIt scans all user areas for non-archived files. The %1 parameter allows me    to specify a drive and/or file name. Note that if no parameter is supplied,   TDIR will  I  get  some information in time, I  will print it up in the next issue.                                  There  was  supposed  to  be   an unveiling  of a super  new  Chess  Game by Chris Breymen of Bonafide systems. As the software is FREE,  I  will  try to get  some  copies sent over in time for Christmas.                                    Apparently, Chris Breymen and Bob Blair  played the game  over  the  telephone   and  their   computer screens  displayed the same  game  board  and the movemen the loss of a file.If you play games which maintain a status or high score file, the             consequences are relatively small and those files do not require frequent     backups.If you work with databases, you might prefer to make a backup after each      major editing  session, this is particularly true if you have thrown out the  source documents used to compile the data.Making  backups could be as simple as making a duplicate copy of each disk    in your  system.  This procedure, besidesater flexibility  to  users with only one drive. Consider the      following  procedure using MAINT.COM; Keypresses are in BOLD.1. Boot MAINT2. Insert disk to backup (say drive B)3. Log B<cr>4. Wild tag *.*/Archive mode5. Group Krunch A<cr>6. Log A<cr>7. ^W (since files are new this acts as tag all)8. Insert backup disk in drive B9. Group Copy B<cr>10. ^W (retag again)11. Group Erase Yes (confirm delete)12. repeat steps 2 to 11You can use this technique in a fashion similar to the two doubling library do not make libraries effective for active programs. There   are various ways of accomplishing backups. We will illustrate serveral        methods which are based  on system  architecture.  While there may be other   ways to  accomplish  the  same task, we consider our methods to be the most   effective.ONE DISK DRIVEUse a single drive copy program to copy the selected files to another disk.ONE SINGLE-SIDED AND ONE DOUBLE-SIDED DRIVECrunch files with the archive option from the double-siory listings in each user area. In the event that it is     impractical to split files in a large user area, some care must be excersised when backing up. I mark  my two backup disks something like:                         BACKUP D5 A-R  BACKUP D5 S-ZWhen  I run MAINT on D5, I start with a Wild Tag *.* /A. I then untag all     the files starting with S and higher. After backing up the first segment I    insert the second backup disk and press ^W to tag the remaining unarchived    files.           sure  to indicate where each backup resides on the label of the disk.ONE DISK DRIVE AND MEMORY EXPANDERStart by crunching selected files to the memory expander. Particularly if     you have  a small expander., this approach will maximise the number of  files you can backup in one pass. Insert your backup disk and copy the crunched     files to it. Delete the files in the memory expander and repeat the procedure as  often as  necessary.  While  this procedure is not 100% secure.  if       offers  gre being tedious and expensive,  does  not take  full advantage of the TDOS features. If only one file has changed   since the  last backup, why should I copy all the files? Furthermore, why     should  my backup copy occupy the same amount of disk space as the original?This is why we recommend a combination of the archive bit and file            compression for  backups.  You  could archive your files into a library  to   achieve  even higher compression but the difficulties in adding files to an   existe-sided       drive option to backup more than one source disk on to the same backup disk.HARD DRIVEWhen I set up my hard drive, I attempted to limit each user area to about     500k of  files. With this approach, one double-sided disk is sufficient  to   backup most  user areas. Whenever one disk is not sufficient, I analyse its   contents to  determine  if  any  files can be moved to another  user  area    or  deleted altogether. This approach simplifies backups and ensures          manageable  directded to the             single-sided drive. Since compression ratios average 40 to 60%, you should be able to  back up even a full double-sided disk on to a single-sided one.TWO DOUBLE-SIDED DRIVESCrunch files with the archive option from one double-sided drive to user 0    of the other. Repeat the procedure for another source disk but this time send the files  to  user 1. If you find there is still sufficient space on  the    backup disk,  you  may  wish  to backup a third source disk to user  2.  Be                       COMMAND HISTORYThe  command recall and line editing features of TDOS make the re-entering    or correction  of commands very user friendly. While these features may  be   used within programs, certain precautions must be taken.Input  commands that wish to use the command history or editing must use      BDOS function 10. Conversely, input commands which want to disable command    history should  use BDOS function 1. When using command recall within a       program,  the length  othe default  you  have entered  will  be  installed. If there is a glitch in the  display  or  return strings, just take note and re-edit MYTDOS.COM to make the         corrections.If you are using SmartKEYS to run utilities like VDE, ASM, Z8E, etc.,         consider adding the full search path in the return string to speed up there   execution.  As  was  mentioned PATH descriptions, adding .COM to the  return  string  also speeds  things  up.  remember  also to put a blank space at  the end  of  theIf you   have experience using a disk editor, there is an easier way:Start by making a copy of the 80 or 40 column version you use -> copy         80tdos45.com mytdos.comUse a disk editor to edit MYTDOS.COM. Advance through the file until you      reach the SmartKEY return strings. These will be easy to spot since each is   16 bytes long.  We cannot provide an exact location as the TDOS BIOS varies   greatly  in size  according to the configuration. If your disk editor has an  ASCII  search feature, looul wrote a file       called MEX-EASY.DOC to make things clearer, but it's not the       complete answer.           Finally, MEX112 has no menu.  Instead, it has the HELP       command and a STAT command, which lists the current options.        These two provide detailed coverage but aren't always easy to use.       For example, you might expect that "HELP COMMANDS" would list the       basic commands; instead you get the message "no help available for       'commands.'"  A question mark brings a  shorter than the old one, just   terminate with  a null.  While  it  is not necessary to blank the unused      portion  of  a  return string, doing so will clean up the display and make    them easier to locate  the next time round. Remember that you can use control characters in your  strings like <cr> to execute the command immediately as   the key is pressed.Save  your  editing  changes and run MYTDOS to install  the  changed          SmartKEY strings.  When  asked for 1 changes, just answer NO and f an input is determined by the first byte in the      command  buffer  of the  program.  If  the recalled command is longer than    the  buffer,  it  will terminate  input  without  the  opportunity to edit.   When  TPA  space  is  not critical, set your input buffer size to its maximum 255 to avoid this problem.                                  SMARTKEYSThe  editing of SmartKEY display strings and return strings can be tedious    at best. You must re-install TDOS and edit all 6 strings every time.  command; this means you just press the SmartKEY and type the     name of the  file that is the object of the command. E.G. my SmartKEY I is    A0:VDE.COM<space>.ow, and MEX112 will become as easy to install as MDM740.        Meanwhile, MEX112 takes more tinkering to get it running.           Third, the documentation for MEX112, like that for MDM740, is       thorough but not easy for the novice.  Some kind sok for DIR, TYPE, or another word that you know is   in the  SmartKEY menu.Once  you  have  found the start of the return strings, back up  60  bytes    to locate the display strings. These are 6 elements of 10 bytes (including    space for  blanks);  insert  your new display strings while  keeping  track   of  the spacing. The return strings follow immediately after the display      strings. Each is  a maximum of 15 bytes long since a null (00) is required to terminate  the string. If your new string is‚Iےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے.RR--!----!----!----!----!----!----!----!----!----!----!--------------R  .pn23.po5.he                            dBASE II TIPS.h2                 Pt 7: MAILING LABELS by K.A. MarnerWe  will now continue to build our menu by adding the option  to  prne2  store city to leftline3  store trim(county)+" "+trim(postcode) to leftline4  ? leftline1  ? leftline2  ? leftline3  ? leftline4  ?  ?  skipenddoset print off screenset talk onset format to screenclearreturnNote the double quotes " " on each line of the address. This  separates  the data from the fields to make the labels appear neatly spaced.  Note  also that the TRIM function takes out the superfluous trailing spaces.To print labels two abreast, we need to store the first (odd) nastart we will add two  more  fields  to the database structure. We should all know how  to  do  this  without  losing  our data. Add fields called  TITLE  which  is  a  character  field of 6 characters in width and INITIALS which is also  a  character field of 6 characters in width.Recap:  Copy structure to a temporary database file, add the fields  to  the temporary file, append from the original database file, delete  the  original  database file, rename the temporary file to CUSTFILE.DBF  and  recreat PRINT  LEFT  then  PRINT  RIGHT and so on. The  lines  immediately  above  and  between the DO WHILE and  END DO statements will look like this:use CUSTFILE index LNAMEstore N to RIGHTdo while .not. eof  if .not. right    store trim(title)+" "+trim(initials)+" "+trim(lname) to leftline1    store str(stnum,6)+", "+stname to leftline2    store city to leftline3    store trim(county)+" "+trim(postcode) to leftline4    store Y to RIGHT  else    store trim(title)+" "+trim(initials)+" "+trim(lname) it will print on double column labels.* PROGRAM: LABELSeraseset talk off@ 1,30 say "MAILING LABELS"store "XXXX" to MPRINT@ 5,20 say "PUT LABELS IN PRINTER AND"@ 8,13 say "PRESS P TO PRINT LABELS OR RETURN to QUIT " ; get MPRINT picture "XXXX"READif MPRINT="XXXX"  erase  returnendifset print onset format to printset talk offset eject offuse CUSTFILE index LNAMEdo while .not. eof  store trim(title)+" "+trim(initials)+" "+trim(lname) to leftline1  store str(stnum,6)+", "+stname to leftliint  mailing labels for our client database. Blank self adhesive labels  are  readily  available on continuous tractor feed paper in a single  column  or side by side (2 abreast). The type I use for printing the newsletter  labels are 3 1/2" x 1 7/16" (89mm x 36mm) with 1/10" vertical  spacing,  2 labels across.Our  database  only caters for first name and last name  which  is  too  familiar or a formal address label. What we need is the title, ie.  Mr,  Mrs, Dr., etc. and room for initials so before we me  and  address  until  the second (even) one is read, so that the  first  line  will  contain the name for the first then the second record,  the  next  line  will contain the street number and name of the first  and  second  record  and so on. For this we can use a logical variable (either  TRUE  of  FALSE)  called  RIGHT as an indicator to tell us if  the  name  and  address  should be on the left or right label. This indicator  will  be  reset  as the program goes along. The print (?) lines will  have e the index file. Don't forget to fill in TILES + INITIALSWhat  we need on the first line of the address label is the title,  the  initials  and  the last name. The second line will  contain  the  house  number and street name. The third line will show the city and the  last  line will contain the county and post code. To give you a good idea  as  to what we want to achieve, here is what the program would look like if  we  wanted  to  print on single column labels. We will then  go  on  to  modify it so to rightline1    store str(stnum,6)+", "+stname to rightline2    store city to rightline3    store trim(county)+" "+trim(postcode) to rightline4    ? leftline1,rightline1    ? leftline2,rightline2    ? leftline3,rightline3    ? leftline3,rightline4    ?    ?  endif  skipenddoThe  above  is OK for an even amount of records but if we  had  an  odd  number to print out, the last label would never be printed.  Therefore,  we need to add these lines immediately under the ENDDO in order to test  foo    store "                            " to leftspace3 * 28 spaces    store " " to leftspace4    store 34-(len(leftline4)) to spacecount    store 0 to tempcount    do while tempcount < spacecount      store tempcount+1 to tempcount      store leftspace4+" " to leftspace4    enddo  else    store trim(title)+" "+trim(initials)+" "+trim(lname) to rightline1    store str(stnum,6)+", "+stname to rightline2    store city to rightline3    store trim(county)+" "+trim(postcode) to rightline4    ? leftbetween 34 and the length of leftline1,  leftline  2  and  leftline  4.  Leftline3 will always be 7 since there  is  no  TRIM  function. Once the difference is found, we will then add that amount of  spaces,  plus an extra space to push it well onto the right  label,  to  those  lines  and this will even everything up.  Here's  the  completed  command  file stored as LABELS.CMD. Anything typed to the right  of  an  asterisk is a comment and is not an executable statement.* PROGRAM: LABELSeraseset talk  say "4. PRINT MAILING LABELS FOR ALL"* The rest of the MENU command file goes in here    case option = "3"      do CUSTDEL    case option = "4"      do LABELS  endcaseenddosert  your new display strings while  keeping  track   of  the spacing. The return strings follow immediately after the display      strings. Each is  a maximum of 15 bytes long since a null (00) is required to terminate  the string. If your new string isstore trim(county)+" "+trim(postcode) to leftline4    store Y to RIGHT    store " " to leftspace1    store 34-(len(leftline1)) to spacecount    store 0 to tempcount    do while tempcount < spacecount      store tempcount+1 to tempcount      store leftspace1+" " to leftspace1    enddo    store " " to leftspace2    store 34-(len(leftline2)) to spacecount    store 0 to tempcount    do while tempcount < spacecount      store tempcount+1 to tempcount      store leftspace2+" " to leftspace2    enddr the odd record and print it accordingly:if right  ? leftline1  ? leftline2  ? leftline3  ? leftline3  ?  ?endifFinally,  you  will  notice  from your printed  result  that  the  TRIM  functions  in  each  of the stored lines will make  the  printed  lines  appear  staggered.  What we need to do is test each line  of  the  left  labels  to  see if they are the same width as the label itself.  In  my  case, the labels are 34 characters in width so we need to find out what  the  difference is line1,leftspace1,rightline1    ? leftline2,leftspace2,rightline2    ? leftline3,leftspace3,rightline3    ? leftline4,leftspace4,rightline4    ?    ?    store N to RIGHT  endif  skipenddoif RIGHT  ? leftline1  ? leftline2  ? leftline3  ? leftline4endifset print off screenset talk onset format to screenclearreturnAdd another option to the menu:* PROGRAM: CUSTMENU Main menu screen* Some of the program lines have been missed out to save space  @ 7,10 say "3. DELETE A CLIENT"  @ 8,10off@ 1,30 say "MAILING LABELS"store "XXXX" to MPRINT@ 5,20 say "PUT LABELS IN PRINTER AND"@ 8,13 say "PRESS P TO PRINT LABELS OR RETURN to QUIT " ; get MPRINT picture "XXXX"READif MPRINT="XXXX"  erase  returnendifset print onset format to printset talk offset eject offuse CUSTFILE index LNAMEstore N to RIGHTdo while .not. eof  if .not. right    store trim(title)+" "+trim(initials)+" "+trim(lname) to leftline1    store str(stnum,6)+", "+stname to leftline2    store city to leftline3    ‚Nےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے         ADAMcon 06 PROGRAMMERS/DEVELOPERS MEETING         Sunday 11 October 1994 12:00 PM         (and other informal sessions)         reported by Rich Drushel         in attendance:         Eric Danz                ADAMzap Software      lair          could comment.         (2)  Mark Gordon still has a stock of 180 SASI drives in his          garage, left over from the ADAMnet hard drive project, which need          to have 6801 code written for them, and ADAM utilities for          formatting and locking out bad sectors written. Mark never sold          them because he wasn't confident in their stability; but the Shown          final outcome has not yet been determined.         (3)  HLM/GMK holds the rights to John Lingrel's Or of some speculations by attendees          about future directions follows, but my own personal opinions will          be stated in a subsequent "position paper."  I hope that nobody          can quibble with the facts as stated below, but corrections to the          record are certainly welcome.         Preliminary drafts of this document were reviewed by Herman          Mason and Dale Wick; their comments and corrections were          gratefully accepted.  Any remaining errors or omissions, howeto pay for the          initial 100 bare boards.) There are only 2-3 Mini Wini-type MFM          hard drives remaining for sale, but that is the end:  the          interface boards were not Lingrel designs, but rather just a batch          of discontinued boards for a Kaypro computer, hacked to work with          the ADAM.  The supply of these boards is exhausted.  HLM/GMK          suggests letting Gary Bowser deal with any demand for memory          expanders, because his tiny 64K expander (only 4 csigns.  Rumors          that all of Mark's hardware stock has been sold are false:  he has          everything (parallel, serial, harddisk, controllers, floppy          drives) except RAM cards, because Terry Fowler bought his          remaining stock of RAM expanders.  Talking to Mark by phone, it          doesn't seem like his unsold stock is about to run out.  He is          interested in selling it, though.  He says he had AdamCon          specials, but nobody at ADAMcon 06 saw any; perhaps Bob B   Rich Drushel             Programmer-At-Large         Marc Epstein             Interested Observer         George Koczwara          HLM/GMK Hardware/Software         Herman Mason             HLM/GMK Hardware/Software         Howard Pines             Oscar's Computers         Dale Wick                Programmer-At-Large         This document is intended to be an objective overview of the state          of ADAM hardware and software as of the time of ADAMcon 06          (October, 1994).  A summaryphanware          hardware (serial board, parallel board, memory expanders, hard          drive), but only the serial board is currently available in large          quantity.  There does not seem to be sufficient demand to warrant          a 100-board minimum production run for either the parallel board          or any of the memory expanders.  (HLM/GMK says that they would          make *any* of these boards if they had a cash commitment for 20          boards, up front; this is the breakeven point ver,          are the sole responsibility of Rich  Drushel.  HARDWARE NEWS AND          FACTS: (1)  New ADAM hardware development is at a standstill with          the departure of Mark Gordon's Micro Innovations in January, 1994.          Mark is evidently willing to license existing designs or          create new designs on a contract basis, but he wants nothing more          to do with manufacturing, marketing, or customer support. Thus          far, nobody seems to have licensed any of Mark's dehips) puts a          smaller power drain on the system.  The no-slot real-time clock          chip and the ZRT-80 80-column video board remain available in          small quantity.         (4)  Chris Braymen's MIDI interface is officially out of          production, with the last remaining units sold at ADAMcon 06.           Sufficient interest does not appear to exist to justify another          production run.          (5)  The AIM board (a high-resolution video upgrade allowing the         or detection and recovery.  Ultimately, ADAMserve will          allow the ADAM to read/write ADAM floppy disks in IBM-PC drives,          as well as access the IBM-PC serial and parallel ports, real-time          clock, and even video display. The only hardware requirements are          a bare-bones ADAM with 1 tape drive, an ADAM serial board, a null-          modem cable, and an IBM-PC or compatible (even the lowly PC-XT)          running MS-DOS 2.0 or greater.  The hope of ADAMserve is to                  been used for the TI99/4A.  "Inertia" is the polite term to          describe why ADAM versions of these boards are not yet for sale;          "scandalous" is the only possible term to describe why the seven          or so people who paid up-front for their AIM boards *years* ago          have not yet received either an AIM board or a refund.  Dale Wick          reports that this front money was not held in escrow, and all has          been spent on other, non-ADAM projects.  HLM/GMK has had a fast tape duplicator are sitting in private hands, but          nothing is being done with them by the owners.  Chris Braymen          discovered listings of the 6801 microcontroller code for the          ADAMnet master, printer, tape drive, and prototype serial/ parallel          interface while he worked for Sierra On-Line Games.  A bad          schematic of the serial/parallel card has been floating around for          several years, but only Chris could say for sure whether it's          complide uses a modified EOS-5 and a modified for help          version of Tony Morehen's HARDDISK software (the standard hard          drive shell program used on Mini Wini, PowerMate, and IDE hard          drives).  The IBM-PC side runs a dedicated server program which          reads/writes blocks from the hard drive or other hardware.  A          handshaking protocol, called ADAMserve, allows the ADAM to access          multiple IBM-PC devices over a single serial link, and provides          robust err ADAM to use a VGA monitor instead of a composite video screen)          actually does exist.  Gary Bowser has a working design, *one*          assembled, fully functional prototype (owned by Dale Wick), 7          video display processor (VDP) chips, and 10 oscillator crystals.           The design is apparently dual-purpose for either the ADAM or the          TI99/4A computer, the difference being some PAL logic and a couple          jumpers. Thus far, all boards made except the ADAM prototype have  alleviate the ADAM-only hardware shortage by allowing the ADAM to          use cheap IBM-PC hardware, including hardware for which no ADAM-          only version currently exists (such as a CD-ROM drive).  Rich          Drushel has promised an EOS release version by ADAMcon 07 in July,          1995; future plans include a TDOS version.         (7)  Coleco prototypes of potentially-useful hardware (ADAMnet          serial/parallel card, ADAMnet hard drive, a new tape formatter) as          well as a          standing offer since ADAMcon *04* to assemble, install, and/or          sell the boards for Gary.         (6)  Rich Drushel demonstrated a working version of the ADAMserve          serially- linked device interface, which allows an ADAM to use the          hardware resources of an IBM-PC via a null-modem serial interface.          The demonstration version implemented a 10MB EOS hard drive          partition, using the IBM-PC hard drive to actually store the data.          The ADAM sete enough to actually build it, even given the 6801 source          code.  Chris privately demonstrated an ADAMnet 256K RAMdisk at          ADAMcon 05, which he constructed after long study of the microcode          listings, so at least one person really knows how ADAMnet works.           Motorola still lists a 6801/68701 development board for about          $500; new 68701s cost about $25 apiece.  (The 68701 is an EPROM          version of the 6801, and nearly pin-compatible with the 6801.)        well as managing bank switching and dynamic RAM refresh.  The          ADAM Technical Manual does not even give a block diagram or          functional description of the MIOC, so nobody really knows for          sure what it does.  The MIOC is not an off-the-shelf item which          can be ordered new from JDR or DigiKey; it is unique to the ADAM.           This is a serious bottleneck in any plans to redesign and rebuild          a new ADAM computer.          SOFTWARE NEWS AND FACTS:         and EPROMs:  the mean time before failure (MTBF) of an          EPROM is 10 years, about 15 for a PROM or mask ROM.  A MTBF of 10          years means that an EPROM will last an average of 10 years before          developing a single-bit error.  The technologies used to make          ROMs/PROMs/EPROMs a "permanent" storage medium are not perfect;          the "burned" connections have a slow leakage back to their          "unburned" state, which eventually causes a bit decay error.           These detains any and all other rights associated with GoDOS and GoBASIC.         (2)  Chris Braymen will continue software support for his MIDI          interface, with a new version of the SEQuel program to appear          sometime soon.  His Modem Tank game, introduced at ADAMcon 05, and          a new Modem Chess game, have both been released as freeware.         (3) Rich Drushel's EOS-8 operating system project, begun at          ADAMcon 04 in cooperation with Chris Braymen, Bruce Walters, Guy      e 6801 microcontrollers, however, is a task that nobody in the          ADAM community is currently equipped to handle.         (9) Each ADAM has one chip which cannot be regenerated new at any          price:  the infamous U7 (the memory I/O controller, MIOC) on the          lower circuit board.  This chip is a custom gate array designed by          Hewlett-Packard to help the Z80 talk to the ADAMnet master 6801;          it appears to let the Z80 share RAM memory with the master 6801,          as   Apparently Bruce Walters has built his own 6801 reader/writer, but          this information is second-hand.         (8)  Original Coleco hardware is beginning to die of old age, as          the design lives of its components start to be exceeded.  Tape          drives, never reliable even when new, and disk drives, which were          poorly-designed and always ran hot, are the most common failures.           The next 5 years, however, will see the onset of failures due to          faulty ROMs (1)  Pat Herrington, acting as agent for Solomon Swift, has          announced that GoDOS and GoBASIC are hereby released as freeware,          i.e. the software may be freely copied and distributed as long as          it is unaltered.  A copy with the password protection disabled          will be used as the basis for the freeware distribution          (otherwise, hacking it yourself to disable the password protection          would be a violation of the freeware license).  Solomon Swift          recay errors affect not only game cartridges and the          operating system ROMs--they affect the built-in ROMs of the 6801          microcontrollers in the keyboard, tape drive, and printer, and          also the master ADAMnet controller.  EPROMs can be erased with          ultraviolet light and reprogrammed (thus being good for another 10          years), and ROMs/PROMs can be read now while good and saved, to be          burned into fresh ROMs as needed, at little expense.  Replacing          th    Cousineau, and Mark Gordon (and abandoned by all but Rich 2 months          afterward), which had seen some progress by ADAMcon 05, has been          put on hold in favor of completing ADAMserve for EOS by ADAMcon          07.  Since some software required for ADAMserve is also necessary          for the EOS-8 project, not everything will be lost by doing Shown          ADAMserve first.  The universal serial drivers Rich developed for          EOS-8 are used in ADAMserve, so there has been some paint man for getting some          new orders (read seed $$$) so that Gary Bowser can be induced to          give up his unpopulated boards to George Koczwara for assembly and          testing.  Dale Wick thinks he can get the boards out of Gary's          hands.  George has all the skills necessary to desolder the          existing VDP chip from a game board--the same kind of desoldering          is necessary to make Mini Wini hard drive interfaces, of which          George has done plenty.  The pricgrams.         (5)  Dale Wick, Rob Friedman, and James Poulin are making plans          for an ADAM CD-ROM disk. This would be a compilation of text and          program files (like the ADAM Survival Guide, all the back issues          of A.N.N., loads of public-domain CP/M programs, assembly and          disassembly listings, binary images of operating system ROMs).           Currently, the disk would be readable on an IBM-PC CD-ROM drive          under MS-DOS or MS-Windows.  It is hoped that someDAM peripherals (like 80-          column terminal boards and disk drives).  A replacement service          should also be formed.  A.N.N.  might be a good candidate to          supervise this, and a number of ADAMites have the (relatively          inexpensive) equipment necessary to read/write ROMs and EPROMs          (e.g. Howard Pines, Rich Drushel).         (3)  6801 replacement is currently accomplished by scavenging from          existing ADAMs.  In the future, this will become more difficult to give him a tool that allows him to convert PC          graphics to the ADAM for game use.  He also had some code          problems, which Dale has agreed to send him source code to          correct.  He hasn't promised a game by the next ADAMcon, but he          "would really like to finish that project to get it off [his]          mind."         GENERAL DISCUSSION:         (1)  Marc Epstein volunteered to supervise the rescue of the AIM            board project.  He has offered to be a poyoff from          EOS-8.  The ultimate fate of the EOS-8 approach depends upon how          the ADAM community evolves in the next year or so.         (4)  Dale Wick has an ADAMfax send fax program and also a paint          program (shown in preliminary form at ADAMcon 04) nearly ready for          release.  Beta testers for ADAMfax have been lined up; it remains          to be seen whether the pressures of hosting ADAMcon 07 will (of          necessity) interfere with the release of these two proe of the AIM board should still          be around $179 US, including the game board modification and          installation, though all prices are subject to variation.         (2) Since ROM and EPROM failures loom as an important hazard in          the next 5 years, it was suggested that some kind of central          repository be formed, containing good copies of the EOS ROM, the          OS-7 ROM, the R80 SmartWriter ROM, the game cartridge ROMs, and          any other important ROMs/EPROMs in A incarnation of          Rich Drushel's ADAMserve would make the files directly available          to the ADAM under EOS and TDOS.         (6)  Eric Danz will work on a new game for the ADAM.         (7)  The new game Scott Gordon was working on at ADAMcon 04          remains unfinished.  Dale Wick received the following status          report from Scott:  He's still interested in working on a new game          for the ADAM.  He of course has many other obligations, but Dale          has offered,          as ADAMs are junked and as working ADAMs begin to fail.  The          equipment to write new 68701s is very expensive, beyond what any          one vendor/repairman could hope to recoup in fair service charges.          It was suggested that the ADAM community collectively acquire the          necessary equipment and designate someone to operate it, as an at-          cost service to any ADAMite.  A.N.N. would again be a logical body          to supervise this.         (4) Eventually, aay cartridge          games in real time.  A software emulator would guarantee          immortality for the ADAM: just recompile it for whatever the          current computer platform of the day is.  The speed problem will          get easier as modern computers get faster.  d.  Keep the base ADAM          (which so far has proved pretty reliable), but  move all the          troublesome peripherals (tape, disk) to other computer platforms,          where they are cheaper and easier to repair/replace.ion D would be stable enough to sell.  Twenty          investors at $500 apiece just to get started, with no forseeable          return other than a new ADAM to play with; is it worth it?         b.  Design/build a partial ADAM as an expansion card for some          other computer, e.g. an IBM-PC.  Put the ADAM video and sound          chips on an expansion card; run a ribbon cable to a special          connector to allow game cartridges to plug in; emulate a Z80 in          software.  Current publy      about a Z80          interface to a CD-ROM drive when MS-DOS already gives you a          working device driver?         e.  Build an ADAMnet interface card for an IBM-PC, and connect          the  ADAM to the IBM-PC via an ADAMnet cable.  This would be          like ADAMserve  except using ADAMnet instead of a serial          cable.  Transmission would      be faster (62.4 kbps compared to          19.2 kbps for a serial link).         (5)  Creating *any* new hardware specifically for thADAM in a good,          portable language (probably C).  Solve the ADAM hardware problem          entirely by getting rid of the hardware.  Z80 emulators are          already available for free at various sites on the Internet.           Emulating ADAMnet devices is easy.  The hard part is emulating the          TMS9928 video display processor; Rich Drushel has done some          preliminary programming toward this end and it  is *not* easy,          especially if you want it to be fast enough to plll the ADAMs will die and there will be no way to          fix them. Several options exist to create a "new" ADAM:         a.  Design/build an entirely new ADAM, from scratch.  The MIOC          chip is a major problem, as well as the development cost.  An          honest estimate is $10,000 and 4 revisions to achieve a new,          stable ADAM redesign:  Revision  A wouldn't work, Revision B would          crash most of the time, Revision C would have only a minor quirk          or two, and Revis  This is          essentially the approach taken by Rich Drushel's ADAMserve          protocol:  let another computer (an IBM-PC) have the disk drives,          and let a bare ADAM  (via serial link) use them as if they were          real ADAMnet devices.  This is a stopgap measure, though probably          a valuable one:  new PC peripherals  like magneto-optical disks,          CD-ROM drives, and scanners can be accessed indirectly through the          server computer's operating system.  Why worric-domain Z80 emulators exist in both          assembler and C source code, and can achieve simulated clock          speeds of 16 mHz on an 80486DX2-66 computer.  Either      emulate          ADAMnet in software, or build ADAMnet and some phone jacks onto          the expansion card.  If you did the latter, you could still plug          in your      ADAMnet disk drives, and (with special adapters) the          tape drives and the ADAM printer.         c.  Write a complete software emulation of the e ADAM faces          an almost insurmountable development cost, which current demand          (as evidenced by retail sales) probably cannot overcome.  People          who got a complete ADAM system at Goodwill for $25 are generally          loath to pay $300 for a disk drive.         (6) Programming information for ADAM hardware does not exist in          any centralized place or in any one publication.  Rich Drushel had          offered to write programming spec articles about hardware for            Where has all this stuff gone?  Are the owners still active?           Nobody knows.         (9)  Existing software was written in a virtually non-maintainable          fashion. Original source code for all Coleco software except EOS-          5, EOS-7, OS-7, SmartWriter, and CP/M 2.2 has disappeared.           Several individuals have independently disassembled SmartBASIC          1.0; Rich Drushel has assembly source for his SmartBASIC 1.x and          disassembly source for SmartBASIC 2          if nobody can afford to make new hardware, who will lose money if          the designs are published?  Current IBM-PC and Mac hardware has          advanced far beyond the simple driver-plus-TTL-glue designs of the          ADAM.         (7) New software cannot be written solely for the high-end user if          the author expects to sell a large number of copies.  For          instance, requiring a 256K or 512K memory expander is probably          unrealistic; 64K expanders are cheap an sometimes not much more helpful          than a raw disassembly listing.  We encourage all programmers to          write in source code (not a bunch of POKEs in SmartBASIC or block          edits in hex) and comment copiously, for the benefit of those who          in future will have to maintain the code.           PLANS FOR THE NEXT YEAR:         (1)  Rich Drushel has promised that an EOS version of ADAMserve          would be available by ADAMcon 07 in July, 1995.  At that time, a          TD's active ADAMites power users, or do          they do everything with a bare ADAM and a tape drive?  Some          guestimate sales numbers for a few items:         *  100 Mini Wini hard drives         *  50 PowerMate SASI hard drives         *  50 IDE hard drives         *  50 256K memory expanders         *  25 1-2M memory expanders         *  50 E&T megaexpanders         *  500 64K memory expanders         *  500 PIA2 parallel interfaces and clones         *  300 Orphanware serial boards       A.N.N. at ADAMcon 05, but unfortunately nothing ever came of it.           Rich has the materials to write such a handbook; he merely          requires the time and the blessing of the respective hardware          developers to make the information public.  Rich suspects that          some  developers would resist attempts to publicize the technical          data for fear of design theft--a not unreasonable concern, given          past activities in the ADAM community, but perhaps impractical: .0, ADAMlink 5, the Coleco          Graphics Processor ("Project Name By Line") cartridge, and Solomon          Swift's PowerPaint.  There is no central repository for all the          assembly and disassembly source, and it would be highly          advantageous to have source for a few programs like ADAMcalc and          SmartFiler.  Some vital programs exist in "idiosynchratic" source          code--HARDDISK, TDOS, and FileManager come to mind-- which is hard          to read and poorly documented,d plentiful, however, so          requiring a 64K expander is not such a hardship to the potential          software buyer.  Of course, the larger question is:  are there          large numbers of software buyers out there?  If not, then catering          to a smaller audience may be the only way to sell new software.         (8)  We really need some kind of ADAM Census--what hardware and          software do people have, in what quantity, and how much more do          they want?  Are most of todayOS version will be considered.  There is no technical reason why          a TDOS version cannot be written, but          a.  Rich has no  expertise with, and no source code for, the TDOS          BIOS;         b.    ADAM's TDOS experts Guy Cousineau and Tony Morehen lead          complicated lives which prevent their active participation at this          time.  It is hoped that by ADAMcon 07, Guy will be in a position          to assist with the TDOS version of ADAMserve.  If not, Rich will     l who would   NOT quit carping, moaning and whining. This person was so           negative, that I wish that he'd never have come. It was really      irritating to listen to him go on and on. He knew this convention   wouldn't hold a candle to past 'cons. He knew of the handful of     people who weren't going to show up. And he seemed to feel that     this "proved" something. Usually, I don't like to name names, but   in this case, I feel that the light must shine on this twit. The    very person who almost to          FileManager source cannot be obtained, an equivalent program will          have to be written independently.  This caveat also applies to the          use of HARDDISK as the shell for ADAMserve.         (2)  The AIM board should be available for purchase.  At the very          least, those who paid up-front for boards so long ago should have          either a working AIM board or their money back. (3)  A definite          release date and contents list for the ADAM CD-ROM disk should b this with a negative attitude, ther were       other differences for me this time around. I was trying to find     the cheapest, yet most comfortable way, to get from Kent,           Washington to Sarasota, Florida. I couldn't fly in like I have      done in times past due to the fact that I'm currently unemployed.   So I figured the best way to go would be to take a cheaper flight   into Cleveland and ride down with the boys. This worked out very    well! George Koczwara has a Chevy van with all the luxur‚Dےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                       Of Hope, and Faith,                         And Adamcon Six                          by Bart Lynch  Adamcon Six was almost ruined for me. And it took me quite some   time to recover. You see, there was this one individua     be free to tackle the project, the EOS version now out of the way.          The grapevine suggests that, while Guy may renew his interest in          the ADAM, his time has gone elsewhere for  the long haul. Tony          Morehen has made source code for the HARDDISK shell available to          Rich. The source code for FileManager will also be required in          order to make FileManager work correctly with ADAMserve.  Rich is          hoping to make these arrangements very soon; but if access ruined it all for me. His name was Bart      Lynch.  Yup, that's right! None other than myself. For some reason, I'd   forgotten what a convention is all about. In all my self pity and   complaint, I temporarily forgot that this is THE gathering of the   clan. These folks are FAMILY that I get to see only once a year.  I eventually had to set myself down and give myself a good  talking   to. And thank goodness I convinced myself, or you'd be  reading an  entirely different report!  Besides going intoe          available.  The disk itself would probably not be ready before          ADAMcon 07. The cost would be $35-$50 US.         (4)  Eric Danz's new game should be available.         (5)  A decision should be made as to whether Mark Gordon's ADAMnet          hardn be read now while good and saved, to be          burned into fresh ROMs as needed, at little expense.  Replacing          thies of      home. It made the ride down with Rich Drushell, Herman Mason and    George very comfortable. There was a bench seat to stretch out on   and sleep. There was even a television on board!  We left Tuesday and drove through the night, arriving at the      Holiday Inn Wednesday around three in the afternoon. The first      person we saw after checking in was Bob Blair himself, who was      busy hauling in Adam after Adam, for use during the convention.     Seems that the suite designated for one ocks for publication in  the      463ADAM newsletter. But if anyone wants photocopies of these,  send me a SASE and I'll be happy to send out copies. Please bear  in     mind that this is going to take me a while before I can get  these  copies in good order. At any rate, this is my intention.  This year, Bob Blair came up with a truly innovative idea. The    main theme of this convention was "hands on", where everyone  could have the chance to try out the various software being  presented in the sessionsrly and ended up calling my bbs in Kent  from    the convention for the session. Meanwhile, down in the rooms  of    George and Herman, they were having difficulties of their own  with hardware. But this is no problem for those two! They merely         cobbled together working Adams from the bits and pieces on hand.    Both managed to get their respective bulletin boards up and         running and I was able to call theirs in their rooms for the        session. Good work, guys!  Meanwhile, a word or two  6 attendees. But while MINE didn't work, I witnessed other sessions where it was a smashing success. Powerpaint was      headed up by Patricia Herrington, of course, but this year she  was ably "assisted" by Tony Patterson! These two working together       imparted a LOT of information in the time alloted. There were six   Adams and six users, all working at their own pace. The same rang   true for the TDOS sessions and for the LOGO sessions. The           attendees were duly impressed!  It looked for   Also, as per usual, I didn't formally attend any sessions, but    instead roamed the 'con, snapping photographs. And, as per usual,   I got the complaints from folks about that pesky flash! <grin> I    also noticed this year that folks were wondering just what  happens with those pics? I carry two cameras to a con; one is for  color    and are my personal pics; the other is black and white and  is      intended for newsletter reproduction. Those black and white  shots  I intend to turn over to Jerry Vranf the sessions was right   across the hall from my room! And that suite was right next door    to Patricia Herrington, who'd showed up early as well. So I  didn't even have to hunt her down to get my yearly hug! <grin>  After getting my Adam set up in my room, I quickly found out  one of the first things to dissapoint me. Try as I might, I could  NOT  get my copy of my bbs to run properly. I really wanted this  to     work as I planned to use it in my telecomm session. I never  DID    get it to run prope. This meant that Bob had to round up quite a number of Adams. And this he did! An impressive number of   the "beasts" were evident. This seemed to have worked in most       cases. It didn't work so well for me! Obviously, I would've  needed to have my bbs online there and as I said, I didn't. Also,  the     area set aside by Bob for telecommunications wouldn't allow  phone  calls to the other rooms or even outside the hotel. So I  couldn't  set up properly. For this, I apologise to Bob and to the  AdamConabout sleep. What's THAT?!?!? As  anyone who has attended a 'con can tell you, sleep takes a back  seat to   the "going's on". I got only 2 1/2 hours sleep on the way  down and despite having a full bed to stretch out on, I couldn't  get much   more the night before the convention. This was to prove  true       throughout. No large deal; I've never really gotten much  sleep at  these gigs and knew what to expect. Suffice to say that  as you     read this report, your humble author got little to no  sleep!a while that this was going to be the lowest        attended AdamCon of all. That's one of the things that bothered     me. I didn't see the crowds of familiar faces that I'd seen at      conventions past. Turns out that appearances were deceiving. Many   of these folks I hadn't seen before. A large number were one day    or two day attendees. There was more walk in traffic at this con    than those past. While I don't have the official number, Bob DID    report in the hospitality suite that 79 people were of doing the demo on this one. To    my good fortune, several folks showed up who KNEW how to play       chess. This saved me as I haven't touched a board in ten years,     though I played in high school on the chess team. These folks  were able to help me put Modem Chess through it's paces! While we        didn't play over a modem, we did have a good game playing against   the computer. Chris has done a whiz-bang job of programming on      this! One can play another user locally, you can play the  computeren present in the   room! Chris Braymen had made a video tape and sent it to the        convention. And it went over extremely well! Chris did NOT edit     out any of his "mistakes", which made it seem more of a live        demonstration. Sometimes the video showed Chris at the keyboard.    Sometimes it merely showed the Adam screen. And other times, it     showed a superimposed image of the screen over Chris' features.     Very well done and my hats off to Chris!  Due to time limitations (he took sick fo  mention,   from your favorite vendor. I highly recommend it!  But the event I was waiting for, what provided the "spark" of     the convention for ME, was the demo of Rich Drushell's PC SERVE     sotware. What Rich has managed to do will, in my humble opinion,    set the Adam community on its collective ear! He has utilized his   knowlegde of both the Adam and the IBM to make a marriage that      will help us to save wear and tear on our current periphreals.  I'm no software expert, by any stretch of me accustomed to software released since then, in which    the author tries to mimic thoses SmartKeys. And they never have     looked quite right, though we've gotten used to them. What Dale     has done is duplicate those originals exactly with what is known    as proportional spacing, just like the originals! The affect is     very, very good! You would have to see them to believe them. Good   work, Dale!  Modem Chess, by Chris Braymen, was officially released at the     convention. I had the pleasure tallied!  This, of course, includes spouse,etc. ANYONE who paid. This is  not an    unusual practice. In order to come up with 96 at AdamCon  IV,       Herman and George did the same thing. I suppose it was just  the    set up of the convention that made it seem as though there  were    fewer attending. We were more spread out than previously,  not      allowing for larger group gatherings.  Some sessions were more well attended than others. One that       springs readily to mind had the presenter not ev or you can have Adam vs Adam. Of course, you can play  across the   modem, using AdamLink or the higher baud rates, whether through the Orphanware serial or MI. And the graphics are   beautiful! You can play many different levels of difficulty. You    can even set up the board to start from any point you want. And     the game can be interrupted at any point and saved for later  play. Best of all, the game is FREE! Look for this one to be  available   on Compuserve and the Adam only bulletin boards. Not tor about a week and a      half), Dale Wicj wasn't able to give us a full blown fax/modem      product. He did show us what he has so far and it's far beyond      just the paper stage. Dale says that one needs a class two          fax/modem in order for this to work. I think this refers to how     the fax/modem handles commands. What impressed me the most about    this demo is Dale's work with SmartKeys. Think back to the          original Coleco software and the SmartKeys used there. Many of us   have becothe imaginanion. So  what I'm describing is what I interpret it to be. Rich will be  keeping us   updated on this fine software. If you want a technical  description of how this works, better wait to read it there. With  apologies to Rich, I'll describe it this way. What Rich has done is allow Adam to control the IBM and it's many devices. He has      written the software so that it sends blocks of data to the IBM     (and vice versa). Once those blocks are ON the IBM, they can then   be controlled by the  takes on the responsibility of running  one of these things. But Bob Blair and the rest did an exceptional job. They were handicapped by the fact that two of  the session presenters had to cancel at the last minute. This is  not a slap at these folks. They had SOLID reasons as to why they  could   not make it. But it did put a burden on the convention  presenters. They rose to the occasion. James Poulin was called upon to take over as the begining tdos presenter. Bob Blair         himself did the more adives as well as it's hard drive and to be able to           incorporate Filemanager into the mix. In order to do that, he  must contact Tony Morehan and reach an agreement with him. If he  could  do that soon enough, Rich could have this out in six months. If he cannot, he'll have to write a Filemanager "work       alike" and that would add to the time it would take to release.  In any event, Rich promises this software in full release form as      described above by next year! The possiblities of this exc but they will be  soon. Look   for these to show up on ANN, CIS and the Adam only bulletin boards. They sound GREAT!!  It was good for me to see Eric Danz again. After taking off a     few years for school, Eric is back. He didn't have anything new  to show us. He was merely there as a vendor. But he has lots of  good  ideas and plans to start writing and releasing software  again at   the begining of 1995. He'll be relocating to Atlanta and  promises  to get the address out to all. It was a pleasure tany convention  as you  can't please all the folks all the time. But I do think  this time  around, they please a fair number. At least, I seem to  have gotten my fair share of good meals! (I can tell by my expanding waistband!!) I didn't see many people at the meals,       especially breakfast. I imagine that's because I raced downstairs   at the last minute and most people had already finished theirs!     <grin>  Behind the scenes, things were as hectic as ever. I can't         imagine WHY anyone EVERAdam. ANYTHING that can run on Adam should  be able to run through this software. You need only have the PC,  his  software and a serial port to connect the two. His demo  SHOWED us  the software he has running already. And it also showed  us what he HASN'T got running yet. In a very clear demonstration,  Rich was    able to flat out blow some minds, your author's included! This software is NOT ready for release yet. What Rich     intends to do is have a copy available that will control the PC     disks drvanced session by sharing the job with Rob   Friedman. While I missed Mr. Poulin's stint, I DID see part of  Rob and Bob's and they did a dynomite job! My sincere thanks to  the    above mentioned gentlemen for filling in! Plus anyone else  who I   might have slighted.  The VOC files (touted as recording your voice for Adam) was a     success. As far as I could see, there were about 40 voices          recorded. This was done on an IBM. As of this report, they  haven't been translated over to an Adam yet,ite me    beyond belief. As a hard drive owner, I could copy my entire hard   drive over to the PC than use a PC-type tape backup! Imagine, no    more inserting those little disks all the time! Very good work,     Rich, and I look forward to the final release!!  Other things were going on as well as new software. There is      always the pleasure of sitting down with my fellow Adam users  over a good meal and swapping gossip. The meals this time around  were   superb. This is generally the weak point of o talk  to him    again. He is a bright and handsome young man, filled with  the      right attidtude towards Adam. It'll be good to see his  products in the community once again!  There weren't many vendors present this year. This is a           reflection of the shrinking base of vendors left to us. I  strongly urge all who read this to support those that are left to  us. Don't just copy off a disk of software and give it to your friend. Let them know where to pick up an original! Also, take  the timeould   put on the next convention, to be located just outside  Toronto,    Ontario, Canada the third week of July, 1995! WHEW!! I  was so      happy to hear that. Now, I can start saving my nickels and  dimes   and feel secure in the knowledge that I'll see all my Adam  family  next year.  Now, if only I can avoid that whining, complaining and griping    Bart Lynch!!ly, I don't like to name names, but   in this case, I feel that the light must shine on this twit. The    very person who almosts to         experience it. It's not easy to put into words. But I feel I best   get this closed. So I take you now to that final night, the         banquet, door prizes, gallery of honour and the final pictures.  It seems to me that this closing night went a bit faster than  those   of the past. Door prizes were given out and only went  around once. To me, this is better than conventions past, where it seemed like the prizes went on forever! <grin> Also, those       inducted into the gallery of honour did  doesn't work all the time. The CPU has only a single tape  drive and   no memory expander. It's powered by the guts of what used to be an ADAM printer, long since canibalized. This  poor    little ADAM doesn't get much attention.In position one sits my original veteran ADAM, friend of ten  years'   nightly use, equipped with a hard drive, disk drive and memory expander. In position two sits another ADAM of long         standing equipped with a 40 Meg Micro Innovations IDE hard  drive,     memory expaproud moment for me to hand over that plaque! Congratulations to all! The pics went a bit better this year. I     switched to an automatic camera and it went a bit faster. I've  yet to see the final product, but I'm keeping my fingers crossed!  That about wraps it up. Except for one tiny detail. One of the    things that had worried me so much was, what if there wasn't an     AdamCon Seven? What if others felt like me, that this was the  last gasp? Have no fear! Dale and Neil Wick announced that they  w to just drop a vendor a line, letting them know you            appreciate their efforts. You can't imagine the affect this has  on them. They LOVE to hear from you and know that you are still  out   there too. If you want information from them, or in any other   way want a letter back, include a Self Addressed, Stamped  Envelope. It saves them money and assures you'll get an answer.  As I look back over this report, I realise I'm not getting it     all written down. That's hard to do! One pretty much ha‚GےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےOf ADAMS and Words and Word of ADAMBy R.H. MitchellI have here in my collection one poor old ADAM that somebody  dropped  off. It's been sitting in position number 3 for some months connected to a disk drive that doesn't work, or at  least      not give any speeches!      (The cowardly lot!!<grin>) Memory fails me here. Pardon me, I       should've written down the names, but I didn't. From memory, the    inductees were-James Poulin,Rich Clee,Thomas Keene,Darryl           Sage,George Koczwara and Herman Mason. I KNOW I've left out at      least three. My apologies to those not mentioned. I'm sure those    names will show up elsewhere. I was particularly proud of Herman    getting into the gallery. I had asked if I could present it, if  he won. A nder and disk drive. Both one and two have 80 column displays and double tape drives. Two's main task is  to run  the Byteman BBS.How things do change. Somewhere about 1985 I wrote a letter  to M.W.   Ruth whose existance I'd just discovered.  Their newsletter, which many of you will fondly recall, was at that  time    full of reports about software newly adapted for the ADAM  and         available on disk. I saw red, and immediately set fingers  to keyboard to express my displeasure that not more was far as you've come. You've written a letter or two or perhaps a term paper, and you've saved your work for  later     use. Then you probably reloaded it again a second or third  time and   continued work until the task was complete. And that is what the ADAM was designed for. How does it stack up? I ran across a rather interesting comment in an old ADAM  book which   arrived here with a recent castoff. The book was entitled, "Things To Do With Your Coleco ADAM Computer", by Jerry      Willis, Merl e prophetic statement that when it came to CP/M,  tape      drives just didn't cut it. That of course infuriated me even more. But Jay was right, and I ended up spending far  more on the ADAM than any sane person should contemplate.Upgrades notwithstanding, this article is being prepared with          Speedywrite which was loaded from a digital data pack. It will be      saved to a second digital data pack, written with the same tape  drive as was used to load the program.  My Number 3 ADAM is performi word            processor. There is a problem with the perspective we have. We         probably use our computers an average of eight to ten hours a  day,    day after day, for word processing. This professional application places rather rigorous demands on the machine and the      software. We did not use the ADAM to write this book, much  as we      would like to say we did.The ADAM, while it is an excellent computer, lacks some features that would be needed for professional word processing.  Here   recommend this mode of operation for those who's budgets will not allow the upscale           equipment. If you're looking to prepare a short article or document,   you can get the job done impressively well with an ADAM in  its base   state. In fact you don't even need Speedywrite.  Smartwriter infuriates me, but if you're not used to anything  better, it will do just as well, and it's right there at the touch of a keystroke. If you're new to the ADAM world, it's entirely possible that  this is  as being said about tape drives. After all, that was what had attracted me to the Coleco ADAM in the first place, the fact that I    could avoid the expense of having to buy a disk drive. Jay Foreman had probably heard it all a thousand times. Patiently he wrote me back to explain that I too would eventually      discover the disk drive, but in the meantime not to worry;  his        company, M.W. Ruth, had no intention of abandoning users  such as I    who had only tape drives for storage. He added thMiller and Cleborne D. Maddux. (A Signet Book,  New       American Library, copyright 1983, ISBN 0-451-13182-7). The authors' remarks about Smartwriter were in fact brutally  honest.  Here's what they said:"In the past eight years we have used our personal computers  with     word processing software, to write and edit over 30 books about computers and related topics. That experience, you  would  think, should give us an excellent perspective from which to evaluate the relative merits of the ADAM as ang useful work, and I'm having a ball!Actually, I am somewhat amazed. The loading and saving time  is not    all that bad. We all know that speed is relative. You're happy with tape drives until you acquire a disk drive. And      disk drives seem terribly slow if you have a hard drive.  Needless to  say, I have long since been spoiled rotten. However, Speedywrite loaded from the tape within acceptable time limits, and my file didn't take long at all to save or reload. I  find that I can still honestlyare some of the desirable features in a good word processing computer.LARGE - Capacity Screen Display. The more you can see on the  screen   at once, the easier it is to compose and edit your document. An excellent word processor has at least a 24-line by  80    character display. In addition it must have special printing codes that underline or print words in bold type. Most        importantly it must be capable of sophisticated editing."The authors go on to assess Smartwriter in several other  arw of course that  there   are even larger memory expanders available for ADAM, right up to 2 MEG. Let's continue with the authors."Freedom from Glitchitis. Glitchitis is a disease commmonly  found in  all sorts of electronic equipment. It generally strikes when a malfunction will do the most damage. It frequently      occurs for no known cause and cannot be duplicated when you  try to    figure out just what happened. Worse yet, it is least likely to happen when you are trying to explain the problenteresting to note that the Eagle PC  (models I II and XL) all now carry a suggested used value of $50. to $125 US. The ADAM's suggested used value is $25. to  $50. I    wonder if you could still buy the wordprocessing software that the Eagle used??? At any rate, moving right along.The authors of "Things To Do....." continue with their list  of word   processing requirements as follows:"Fast, High-Capacity, Reliable Mass Storage. ....... While  Coleco's   tape drive is much faster than those on o Wall Street Journal, reported high failure rates in the ADAM......In contrast to those negative reports, we have personal experience with three different ADAM computers. All three work  fine,  though one has some flutter in the video display."(Editor's note. and I have personal experience with 5 ADAM  computers, three in here and two in the living room. They are all quite well, thank you very much.")"There is another issue related to gliitchitis that should  be         mentioned here. The is point, ADAM gets high marks.  The      standard ADAM has more RAM (64K) accessible to the user than most other computers in its price range. ADAM's word  processing  program is in a ROM cartridge, which means all the available RAM in the ADAM can be used to hold the document you  are    writing. If 64K of RAM isn't enough, you can add another  64K to the   system. For the great majority of applications, the ADAM has plenty of memory for word processing."This assessment holds up even now. We all knoeas. Some  comments are positive, some negative.The Keyboard:  "We wrote this book on an Eagle PC Computer.......... ........The Eagle PC costs over $3000 and the word processing we use with it lists for almost $400. When compared to a    system that costs amost five times as much, how does the ADAM          keyboard stand up? Very nicely, thank you. In the under $700.  price   range, no other computer comes with a keyboard any better than the one you get with the ADAM. "Off topic, but rather im  to        someone who can fix it.........Coleco's stock dropped sharply a number of times during the  last      quarter of 1983 when published reports indicated many ADAMs developed problems soon after purchase. The respected  magazine  Consumer Reports, for example, bought four ADAM computers to evaluate. Not one of them was fully operational. One      distributor we talked to in the South indicated over half of  his      first shipments were defective, and several other sources,  including  thether home computers, it still takes over a minute to load a 60,000  character    document (about 25 single-spaced pages.) A minute sounds  like a very  short period of time, but it is an annoyingly long time when you must do lots of loading and saving to and  from the disk. The cassette drive for the ADAM should meet the word processing needs of many home word processing applications, but an optional disk drive would be needed for more      intensive word processing work.Plenty of RAM. ........ On thADAM is not a $3000 professional computer, and should not be treated as one. It was designed to be  an  affordable home computer, and that is precisely the place  where it    should be located. The printer is not designed for continuous, eight-hour-a-day use, but it will serve the occasional user nicely by providing good quality output at a price     people can afford."The authors conclude by recommending an 80 column upgrade  and one or  more disk drives to turn ADAM into a truly useable system. Andite me    beyond belief. As a hard drive owner, I could copy my entire hard   drive over to the PC than use a PC-type tape backup! Imagine, no    more inserting those little disks all the time! Very good work,     Rich, and I look forward to the final release!!  Other things were going on as well as new software. There is      always the pleasure of sitting down with my fellow Adam users  over a good meal and swapping gossip. The meals this time around  were   superb. This is generally the weak point of ibility.There were several surprises when Coleco held its press conference at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show in January of       1984. Perhaps the biggest surprise was Coleco's announcement  that     they would offer, by the end of 1984, an optional circuit card that would make the ADAM computer IBM-compatible.The term IBM-compatible means programs developed for the IBM  PC and   PCjr would run on the ADAM computer with disk drives. This is a very desirable goal since there are hundreds, if        because it would have conflicted with your BBS time?      2. Can you recite BBS menus verbatim?      3. Have you named your kids after your favorite Sysop(s)?      4. Are the words "HI" and "Bye" burned into your monitor?      5. Do you get lost in thought wondering what the ideal screen name          would be?      6. Are you tempted to get out of bed for "just one more hour"?      7. Is Dominoes Pizza delivery number taped to your monitor?      8. Do you get more emontional fulinant machine in its segment of the market."Fascinating stuff. History did not unfold in the manner suggested by these authors. As we all know, it unfolded quite          differently.Wonder what ever became of that IBM card. It would give my  third ADAM something that the other two haven't got. n any event, Rich promises this software in full release form as      described above by next year! The possiblities of this exc of course, those upgrades are still available,  eleven     years after the authors wrote their book. Could you say that about the rest of the pack, the Eagle?The foregoing quotes were taken from a book that was written  in 1983. It makes a fascinating read in the light of subsequent events. Again, this is off topic, but there's another       section in the back of this particular book that quite literally       jumped out at me. I'm going to quote a fairly lengthy section here."ADAM and IBM Compat‚Jےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے      the following was taken from Barry Wilson on the fidonet       adam echo....                      Are You A BBSaholic?                Complied From ODYSSEY BBS c.1991      1. Do you cancel important appointments (such as your wedding) not        thousands of outstanding programs that run on IBM and IBM  compatible  computers. The press corps greeted this announcement with more than a little skepticism since Coleco does not  have a strong track record for accomplishing what it announces.        Sources inside the company assured us, however, that the  circuit card that provides IBM compatibility has been designed and does work. If Coleco pulls it off, and if the board costs  less    than $300., we think the ADAM could well become a domfillment from your online romance       than from your real mate?      9. Do you unplug your keyboard and take it to work with you?      10.Do you get upset when someone calls while you're oline and       interrupts a conversation?      11.Do you spend 80% of your time rooted to your computer chair?      12.Do you find it hard to relax without the soft whirl of the       computer fan humming in the background?      13.Do you fantasize about the perfect "compu-wedding"?      14.Is your se you were all caught up on your household       chores?      36.Is the answer ALWAYS the same if someone asks a family member       your where abouts......"on the computer....where else"?      37.Do you belong to more than one board so if one is crashed, or       busy you can logon to another?      38.When at work, instead of calling a meeting do say..."Wanna go       into    Chat"?      39.Do you have a chronic sore neck, from always looking over your       shoulder, when in "chat", for fe sex?      19.Do you have a phobia of the words "No Carrier"?      20.When was the last time you were offline in time to make love to       your mate before they fell asleep?      21.Do you have nightmares about hard drive failure?      22.Have you lost 10 pounds from missing meals due to being online?      23.Does your computer boot right to your favorite BBS?      24.Do you see screen scrolling text when you shut your eyes?      25.Has your typing skills improved greatly in the lastng to appear on your business       and    other mail?      45.Do you find yourself SAYING..Kiss...Hugs..Smooch...LOL..instead       of     DOING it? on the machine and the      software. We did not use the ADAM to write this book, much  as we      would like to say we did.The ADAM, while it is an excellent computer, lacks some features that would be needed for professional word processing.  Here    the    computer for something?      31.When was the last time you went out with friends other than       online friends?      32.When was the last time you played/used all those magnificent       and    expensive programs and games you bought?      33.How many times have you heard from family or friends "I give up       trying to call you, your line is ALWAYS busy"?      34.Can you remember what you did for "leisure" time before you       started    BBSing?      35.When was the last timocial calender glowing with flourescent marked online        events?      15.Do you look forward to e-mail more than real mail?      16.Do you watch hypnoically as the "dialing" "connecting"       "password" highlights, unable to breathe, move or speak until you       are logged on?      17.Do you throw things in anger because "all ports are busy" or       "host unavailable through network" or "host is unresponsive"?        (for national BBS's)      18.Is your modem-sex better than real lifear of a family member walking in?      40.In desperation has your mate devised acrobatic ways of making       love    to you while you're online?      41.If your mate is a "user" do you call each other by your screen       names?      42.Do you have a sticker on your window, notifying firemen the       location of your computer?      43.Do you have family members trained to bring you food and drink       so    you never have to leave the keyboard?      44.Does :) :( :* ad the like starti few months?       26.When was the last time you heard from your family?      27.Have you bought another computer and phone line just so you and       your spouse can logon at the same time?      28.Did you buy a faster, more powerful computer JUST so you can       run BBS's faster?      29.Do you rush home at lunch time JUST so you can check your e-       mail,    see who's online and make your online game moves?      30.Do you have an anxiety attack when another family member needs     ‚BےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےAll ADAMITES ... Take Note!!1994 - ADAM Christmas Card:Recently Chris Braymen (Bona Fide Systems, Salt Lake City Utah)   sent out the following message:Quote:Ok folks, last year was a lot of fun even though it was on short  notice. So this y                  by                               Computer Currents                    Ted Silveira                           2550 9th Street              (copyright and all rights reserved)             Berkeley, CA                                                          94710                             March 12, 1985                                WHERE DOGS RUN FREE:              FINDING THE BEST IN PUBLIC DOMAIN CP/M SOFTWARE            If you're old enough, you may remember a TV game show iword! Copy this message to other BBS's. Encourage your   user group to participate! Let's see how many cards we can jam    into this thing!This will be coordinated with the December ANN distribution so I  ned to receive your "cards" by Monday, November 28th. Upload it   to me here on CIS (70057, 2035) as Binary email or mail it to me  at  Chris Braymen, 2817 Hartford St,  Salt Lake City Utah 84106, USA ThankUnquoteulletin board for the first time.        I'd heard that these bulletin boards had some free programs, but       when I saw the hundreds of programs on this bulletin board's       directory, something snapped.  Suddenly, there I was, rushing down       the supermarket aisles, pulling things off the shelves as fast as       I could, snatching up the dog biscuits along with the champagne.           Fourteen months and hundreds of dollars in phone bills later,       I've calmed down quite a bit.  I now‚Lےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                  ===============================================================      [   THE KAY*FOG RBBS  |  CPM-CC01.ART  |  posted 01/18/86  |  208       lines 12k  ]          The CP/M Connection                   Originally published in    ear you've got lots of time to draw up a nice    personalized greeting card to be included with the holiday        musical "slide show". So boot up your favorite graphics program   and start drawing! Be sure to include on the card who it's from   and any message you wish to convey. No plain pictures without     greetings please! Cards can be submitted in HGR, Binary 10K, or   SmartPaint formats. This will be a public domain distribution so  don't submit stuff you want to retain the copyright on!Pass the n       which the big prize was three minutes in a supermarket with a       shopping cart.  The winners charged down the aisles, grabbing       things indiscriminately--laundry soap, steaks, TV dinners,       champagne, dog biscuits.  I always thought these people were       crazy.  Why did they bother with the frozen chow mein?  Why didn't       they just fill their baskets up with filet mignon?           Then, just over a year ago, I hooked my computer up to a       modem and dialed a computer bocial calender glowing with flourescent marked online        events?      15.Do you look forward to e-mail more than real mail?      16.Do you watch hypnoically as the "dialing" "connecting"       "password" highlights, unable to breathe, move or speak until you       are logged on?      17.Do you throw things in anger because "all ports are busy" or       "host unavailable through network" or "host is unresponsive"?        (for national BBS's)      18.Is your modem-sex better than real lif scan the bulletin boards with       the eye of a connoisseur, and my blood pressure only rises when I       run across something new.  But while the madness lasted, I       collected over 400 CP/M programs, some priceless and others       utterly worthless.           In the coming months, I'm going to pass on what I've learned       about these free programs.  For those of you who use CP/M and       don't already know about this public domain software, I've planned       a guided tour to show you, a spelling checker, and       GENINDEX, which can build an index for a WORDSTAR file.  There are       games, programming languages, weather forecasting programs,       perpetual calendars, math and statistics programs, Rube Goldberg       contraptions, and more.  The master catalog of one big computer       bulletin board lists over 4,000 files.      HOW GOOD IS PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE?      You ask, "How good can free programs be?"  They can be very good,       but, of course, not all of themou can have them, free--no money       changes hands, no licensing agreements need to be signed.  You can       use the programs, copy them, change them, and pass them around.  A       few authors hold on to the copyright just to keep unethical people       from trying to package and sell their programs.           Many public domain programs are utilities, the software       equivalent of screwdrivers, pliers, and plungers.  Some are mainly       for programmers and others who like to poke around igned off.)           Many other public domain programs are genuine bargains.  They       may be a little slower than their commercial counterparts, or not       quite as slick, but they work and they're free.  Take the public       domain spelling checker, SPELL-M20, for example.  It isn't as easy       to use or as polished as THE WORD PLUS, but it does check your       spelling, and it can build a large dictionary.  Or take       BUSINESSMASTER, a complete set of business programs (general      r       bother to struggle with PIP again.           Though utilities make up the single biggest group, you'll       also find many other kinds of programs.  There are business       programs--general ledger, payroll, data base management, and       income tax overlays for SUPERCALC and other spreadsheets.  There       are communications programs--like MDM740, MEX10, COMM725, and       KERMIT--which let your computer talk to any other computer.  There       are word-processing aids, like SPELL-M20 what's available where and to help you       separate the wonderful from the useless.      WHAT IS PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE?           Some people love to spend their free time writing programs,       driven not by the hope of becoming millionaires, but by the urge       to tinker, an odd sense of fun, or a deep-seated streak of       insanity.  Once done with their programs, these people release       them into the public domain.  In other words, they say that if you       want these programs, y are.  Some, in fact, should be       dumped in the nearest electromagnetic field.  This useless group       includes programs with bugs that will send your computer off to       chase its tail until you hit the reset button.  It includes       programs that are obsolete and should be decently retired.  And it       includes programs, new and old, that just don't do anything worth       having done.  (I once picked up a program that signed on, told me       my machine had a Z80 processor, and then sinside their       machines, but plenty are useful for novices.  SUPER-DIRECTORY, for       example, lists the files on your disk in alphabetical order, gives       the size of each file, and tells you how much space is left on the       disk, all at once.  UNERASE can recover a file you accidentally       erased.  FINDBAD checks a disk for bad spots and marks them so       your computer won't try to write on them.  NEWSWEEP copies,       renames, and erases batches of files so easily that you'll neve ledger, inventory, payroll, and so forth) that was once sold       commercially.  When the company brought out a new version, they       released the old BUSINESSMASTER into the public domain.  It's as       good a program as it ever was; it's just not as hot as the newer       one.           Finally, some public domain programs are absolutely first       class.  For communications, public domain programs like MDM740,       MEX10, and COMM725 are better than most commercial programs.  In       utgs next time, when I cover communications programs.)           Another very good way to get public domain programs,       especially if you're just starting out, is through a local       computer users' group.  These groups usually meet once a month to       share problems, information, news, and public domain software.        Some groups (like PicoNet in Northern California, which I belong       to) are for all owners of CP/M computers.  Other groups (like the       many KayPro Users' Groups) are      a friendly programmer or by leaving a message on a bulletin board,       but there's no 800 number to call for technical support, bug       fixes, updates, or refunds.  (Then again, that's been true of some       commercial programs, hasn't it?)      HOW DO YOU GET PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE?           One excellent way to get these programs is to call computer       bulletin boards, many of which have hundreds (even thousands) of       programs available.  I get most of my programs this way, us some work.        Call up local computer stores, especially those that sell       computers like yours, and ask about users' groups.  There's       usually at least one person in any store who knows about such       things.  You should also look out for any local computer magazines-       -my area has a free bi-weekly called Computer Currents which lists       group meetings in every issue.  If you know other people who own       computers, ask them about users' groups (and ask them to ask       pef       you have something like a Sanyo, an NEC, or a Zorba.           Of course, the bulletin boards have disadvantages, too.  To       hook your computer to the telephone line, you need a modem, which       can cost from $60 to $600.  You need a communications program,       like MDM740, that can use the XMODEM protocol for transferring       files.  And you have to pay the phone bill, which can run quite       high if you do a lot of long distance calling.  (I'll talk about       all these thinilities, NEWSWEEP has practically no commercial competition.        And Richard Conn's ZCPR2 and SYSLIB are a programmer's treasure       chest--two massive sets of programs, complete with very detailed       manuals.           All public domain programs, good and bad, come with the same       warning, though--when you use them, you're on your own.  If a       program suddenly crashes, taking your last six hours of work with       it, it's your problem.  You may be able to get help by talking to  for owners of a particular       computer.  KayPro and Osborne owners seem to be especially active,       even fanatical, about starting users' groups and getting programs       for their machines.  But any users' group worth its name will have       built up a library of public domain programs which members (and       sometimes non-members) can copy.  Most charge you nothing, except       the price of the disk if you didn't bring your own.           Of course, finding a local users' group may takeing a       modem and a communications program to transfer them directly from       the bulletin board to a disk in my computer.  This method has two       big advantages.  First, you can get the very latest programs from       the bulletin boards, often months before you can get them anywhere       else.  Second, you don't have to worry about finding the programs       in a disk format that suits your particular computer--not a big       problem if you have a KayPro or an Osborne, but more serious iople they  know, too).  If you have a modem, you can try leaving       a request for help on any local computer bulletin board.  And if       all else fails, you can try getting in touch with the manufacturer       or distributor of your computer.  They sometimes keep track of       users' groups for their machines.           A third way to get public domain programs is to contact one       of the national CP/M users' groups.  Both CP/MUG (CP/M Users'       Group) and SIG/M (Special Interest Group tes suggestions or       feedback      and can be reached through the KAY*FOG RBBS (415)285-2687 and       CompuServe         (72135,1447) or by mail to 2756 Mattison Lane, Santa Cruz, CA       95065.ey had SOLID reasons as to why they  could   not make it. But it did put a burden on the convention  presenters. They rose to the occasion. James Poulin was called upon to take over as the begining tdos presenter. Bob Blair         himself did the more aded,       single-density disks, while SIG/M carries just the 8" disks.  And       both groups sell programs only by the disk.  So even if you just       want one program from a particular disk listed in the catalog, you       have to buy the whole disk.           Finally, in various computer magazines, you'll find ads for a       few commercial operations that handle public domain software.       These usually carry a greater variety of disk formats than CP/MUG       and SIG/M, although they may c      by                               Computer Currents                    Ted Silveira                           2550 9th Street              (copyright and all rights reserved)             Berkeley, CA                                                         94710                                March 26, 1985                           COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAMS           It's 2 a.m. in California.  I can't sleep.  Wrapped in my       bathrobe, I pad downstairs, through the kitchen, and out to my       programs are, explain how they work, and tell you what (if       anything) you need to know to get them running.  I'll also pass       along news of updates for programs already covered.      Next month, I'll cover communications programs, including       those you need to start transferring programs from the computer       bulletin boards.      -----------         Ted Silveira is a freelance writer and contributing editor to       several      computer-oriented publications.  He appreciafor Microcomputers) have       huge libraries and print catalogs, from which you can order as       many disks as you want.  But there are disadvantages to this       method, too.  By the time the catalog gets to you, the programs       are usually well over six months old--a long time in computer       circles.  Both groups charge you for copying, shipping, and the       price of the disk itself (CP/MUG $13-17 and SIG/M $6).  CP/MUG       carries only KayPro, NorthStar, Apple CP/M, and 8" single-sid‚Lےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے            =========================================================      [   THE KAY*FOG RBBS  |  CPM-CC02.ART  |  posted 01/18/86  |  246       lines 14k  ]          The CP/M Connection                   Originally published in                harge more.  For example, Workman       Associates charges $32.50 a disk, but they sift out most of the       junk, so you get more good programs on each disk than you do from       CP/MUG or SIG/M.           COMING ATTRACTIONS           Next time, the tour begins.  In each issue, I'll take up one       group of public domain programs--communications, utilities, word       processing add-ons, business programs, games, languages,       programming aids, and so on.  I'll point out what the good       office.  I flip some switches--beep, beep.  Green glow from the       computer, red from the modem.  I type a command, and the modem       stutters to life, dialing the CP/M-Net bulletin board in New       Brunswick, New Jersey.  Busy.  (It's 5 a.m. in New Jersey.)  I try       Palatine in Illinois.  Busy.  Tampa Bay and El Paso.  Busy.        Barstow, Thousand Oaks, Sacramento, Mountain View, Los Gatos.  All       busy.  The phone lines are alive with computers.  Why sleep when       the phone r   MDM740           MDM740 is probably the most frequently used program.  It has       all the basic features and has gone through a long enough       development so that it's free of bugs, as far as I can tell.           MDM740 also has some nice extras.  It can dial a list of       phone numbers, one after the other, repeating the list until it       makes a connection.  And it has 10 programmable function keys,       each of which can store a string of characters that you can send       to thanother personal computer, a bulletin board       system, or a commercial information utility such as the Source,       CompuServe, or Dow Jones.  Often, they'll let you communicate with       a mainframe or minicomputer, too, but some of these big computers       use special communications protocols that the public domain       programs can't handle.      THE BASICS           To be useful, a modem program needs some basic features.  It       should send and receive data in the most common formaly, you can adapt       MDM740 more easily than most other programs.  You use a small       assembly language file, called an overlay, which you patch into       the main MDM740.COM file by using DDT (from your CP/M distribution       disk).  There are overlays for more than 80 CP/M computers, so       most people won't need any technical information about their       machines.  And the instructions for patching MDM740.COM are       straightforward enough that even a novice has a good chance of     ng, it should respond to start and stop signals (XON and       XOFF) from the other computer.           Finally, to download public domain software from bulletin       boards, the program must be able to send and receive files using       the XMODEM protocol.  With this protocol, sometimes called the       Christensen or Modem7 protocol, a file is checked for errors as it       is transmitted, guaranteeing that it hasn't been damaged by phone       line noise or other transmission problems.   ates are low?           Computer communication is hot--hot enough to keep people up       all night, hot enough to make modems the best-selling computer       peripheral after printers.  To get your computer on the phone       lines, you need a modem and a communications program, often called       a modem program.  Modems cost money, but you can get excellent       modem programs from the public domain.           Please note--the programs I'm describing here will let you       communicate with e remote computer with two keystrokes.  You can use these       function keys to store log-on information (your name, password,       etc.) and common bulletin board commands such as "DIR *.* $U0AD".        You change the function keys and the phone library by using two       accompanying programs, M7FNK and M7LIB.           Modem programs must be modified for different computers       because they deal directly with the computer hardware, which       differs from one machine to another.  Fortunatet--1 start       bit, 8 data bits, no parity bit, 1 stop bit.  It should let you       change the transmission speed if your modem has more than one       speed.  And it should store phone numbers and dial them for you,       if your modem is compatible with the Hayes Smartmodem.           A modem program should be able to save everything that       crosses your screen into a disk file, if you want.  It should let       you send a plain text file (such as a prepared message), and while       sendi  success.           I've found three things I don't like in MDM740.  First,       MDM740's menu covers three screens, and you have to go through all       three to get back to the command prompt, even if the information       you wanted was on the first screen.  It's just an annoyance, but       it could be avoided if the menu fit on one screen or if you could       jump to the command prompt without going through the whole menu.           Second, I used to think there was no way to look at the .  MEX112 will execute the command file just as if you       were typing everything in at the keyboard.  You can, for example,       create a command file that will dial your favorite bulletin board,       give your name and password, save all messages to you in a disk       file, and then log off.           This feature has potential, but from what I read on some       bulletin boards, people have trouble getting complicated command       files to work--unexpected responses or delays can cause   cations but not to those who don't (at least that's       the consensus in my users' group).  And it gives no easy answer to       the question, "What do I have to do to call up my local bulletin       board?"      MEX112           MEX112 (Modem EXecutive version 1.12) is a new program, now       only in its fourth revision.  Though it still has its roots in the       original MODEM7 (as does MDM740), it has been extensively       rethought and has some unique features.           MEX112 hasople.  I've used MEX112 a       lot without any problems, though I don't use any of its fancier       tricks.           Second, MEX112 is not as easy to get running as MDM740       because you must install two overlays and the instructions are not       quite as straightforward.  Also, MEX112 doesn't yet have as       overlays for as many computers as MDM740 does.  The MDM740       overlays are supposed to work with MEX112, but some don't.  If you       find there is no MEX112 overlay for your comyour satisfaction, and then CLONE a new copy of       MEX112.  This new copy will now have all your new settings as its       default settings.           MEX112 has a HELP command, which gives you information about       commands from a special 50K help file.  It's a good thing, too,       since I can never remember all the MEX112 commands.           Finally, MEX112 allows you to create command files.  In these       files, you can put instructions both to MEX112 and to the remote       computer      function key assignments without exiting the program--a serious       problem.  Not true.  After months of use, I just found that there       is a way--hit the ESCAPE key followed by the RETURN key at the       MDM740 command prompt.  Why did it take me so long to figure this       out?  Because the command isn't listed on the menu.           Third, the documentation for MDM740 is complete, but it's not       easy reading.  It's clear to people who have some experience in       modem communi    MEX112 to lose control.  If you want to use command files, there       are two files that will help--AUTOMEX.INF, which gives information       about setting up for automatic log-on, and MEXWELCM.LBR, a library       of command files which allow someone to call  your system and do       an unattended file transfer.           MEX112 has drawbacks, too.  First, it's a new program, so it       has had some bugs.  The latest one is described in the file       MEX112.BUG, but it won't affect most pe all the basics, and like MDM740, it has 10       programmable function keys and can continuously dial a list of       phone numbers.  Unlike MDM740, MEX112 lets you reset both the       function keys and the phone number library  without  exiting the       program.           MEX112 also has a CLONE command, which makes a new copy of       MEX112 and saves it to disk.  You can run MEX112, fiddle with the       phone library, function keys, and other settings until you have       everything set to puter, and the MDM740       overlay doesn't work with MEX112 either, then you'll have to write       your own, in assembly language, using another overlay as a model.        Once MEX112 has been around a while, the number of overlay files       will grow, and MEX112 will become as easy to install as MDM740.        Meanwhile, MEX112 takes more tinkering to get it running.           Third, the documentation for MEX112, like that for MDM740, is       thorough but not easy for the novice.  Some kind soEM904 is like a cross between MDM740 and       COMM725.  It has the command structure and three screen menu of       MDM740, but it also allows you to change the data transmission       format, as does COMM725.  It comes as a set of assembly language       files, and it's about as difficult to get running as COMM725.           MODEM7:  MODEM7 is the ancestor of MDM740, MEX112, COMM725,       and MODEM904.  It lacks the extras the newer programs have and is       difficult to get running.  MODEM7 wepartial list of commands,       including the most common ones (T, S, and R).  To get more help on       these, you must type "HELP SINGLE" because they are single-letter       commands.  To get help on the secondary options you can use with       the single-letter commands, you must type "HELP SECOND".  But how       would a novice know that "SINGLE" and "SECOND" are the key words?        They certainly wouldn't be my first, second, or even third guess.        For basic commands, I think a menu is bthe basics, but I don't know what else.  (I can't collect       EVERY modem program, can I?)  It comes only as an assembly       language source file.           Special Note:  There is a program called XMODEM, which is       used on RCP/M (Remote CP/M) bulletin board systems to allow file       transfers.  Unless you're starting a bulletin board, you don't       want the program XMODEM.  You want a modem program that can handle       the XMODEM protocol.      WHAT'S BEST TO USE?           Forcopy, delete, rename, view and       print files, all without having to exit the program.  COMM725       won't continuously dial a list of phone numbers.  The function       keys can't be changed without reassembling the program or using a       disk editor.  And, most serious, COMM725 doesn't use overlay       files; it comes as a set of five linked assembly language files.        Many people will find they need to know some assembly language to       get COMM725 running.           MODEM904:  MODul wrote a file       called MEX-EASY.DOC to make things clearer, but it's not the       complete answer.           Finally, MEX112 has no menu.  Instead, it has the HELP       command and a STAT command, which lists the current options.        These two provide detailed coverage but aren't always easy to use.       For example, you might expect that "HELP COMMANDS" would list the       basic commands; instead you get the message "no help available for       'commands.'"  A question mark brings a nt through many revisions,       finally reaching MODEM798.  Note the difference in spelling       between MODEM and MDM--MDM740 is a newer and better program than       MODEM798.           YAM:  YAM stands for Yet Another Modem program.  It's a       sophisticated program, written in the BDS version of the C       language.  If you have BDS C, you'll probably want YAM.  If you       don't have BDS C, forget it.           MODEM221:  MODEM221 is a program I've seen but never used.        It has etter.      OTHER PROGRAMS WITH XMODEM PROTOCOL           MDM740 and MEX112 are the most common modem programs, but       there are others that can handle the XMODEM protocol.           COMM725:  COMM725 has the basics, 10 programmable function       keys, a menu that only takes one screen, and two big extras.  It       allows you to change the data transmission format--start bits,       data bits, parity bits, and stop bits.  And it has a built-in file-       handling utility that lets you  most people, it's a toss-up between MDM740 and MEX112,       since they'll never use the extra features of either program.  I       rarely do.           In users' group I belong to, I recommend MDM740 for people       just starting out.  It's easy to set up for different computers,       it's thoroughly reliable, and it's slightly less confusing to a       novice (though I've never seen a modem program that's easy for the       first-time user).           For myself, I use MEX112 most of the tily you will find something here that you can use.At this point before going any further I would like to pay a       tribute of thanks to Bob Blair whose term as ANN editor is now     complete. Bob worked hard over the past year to provide you with   the best ADAM material available. Sometimes contributions were no  all that plentiful and the job of finding suitable material was  a difficult one. His businesslike approach to the affairs of ANN     and to the production of these disks sets a standard that m to show you how       the message system works and how to download and upload files.      -------------------------------------------------------------------       Ted Silveira is a freelance writer and contributing editor to several      computer-oriented publications.  He appreciates suggestions or          feedback and can be reached through the KAY*FOG RBBS (415)285-       2687 and CompuServe         (72135,1447) or by mail to 2756 Mattison Lane, Santa Cruz, CA       95065.f the     Canadian Government, Transport Canada, Air Traffic Services        Branch. Presently serving as Superintendent Flight Service         Station Training.Age 50. Marital status - complicated. What is important is that you can reach me at:Apt. 1107,210 Gloucester Street,Ottawa, OntarioCanada, K2P 2K4. home telephone (613) 230-9511 work           (613) 998-6610    The Byteman BBS will answer the home telephone number between      11pm and 5pm Monday to Friday and 11pm and 8am Saturda‚CےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThe October 1994 ADAM News Network Monthly Disk***********************************************************Friends and fellow ADAMites, the torch has been passed. I am your  new ANN monthly disk editor and this is my first offering.         Hopefulme, not because of its       command files or other super features, which I never use, but       simply because it's so easy to reset the phone library and the       function keys.           I'm also fond of COMM725.  I don't use it much anymore       because it doesn't have auto redial and it's tedious to reset the       function keys.  But the program has a nice feel to it.           Next time, a small detour.  I'll take you on a tour of a       local RCP/M (Remote CP/M) bulletin board systewill be  difficult to duplicate. I will do the best I can.Meantime, thanks again Bob, you're a solid performer on the ADAM   scene. You've worked hard this year as ANN editor and ADAMCON 06   organizer, and I know I speak for the ADAM community at large      when I say that the ADAM world is a better place for your having   been here.   - Ron Mitchell********************************************************** Permit me to introduce myself.Ronald H. Mitchell, resident of Ottawa Canada, employee o to just drop a vendor a line, letting them know you            appreciate their efforts. You can't imagine the affect this has  on them. They LOVE to hear from you and know that you are still  out   there too. If you want information from them, or in any other   way want a letter back, include a Self Addressed, Stamped  Envelope. It saves them money and assures you'll get an answer.  As I look back over this report, I realise I'm not getting it     all written down. That's hard to do! One pretty much hay, Sunday    and holidays. 300/1200/2400 baud with parameters set to 8N1.********************************************************** The     October Disk.On this disk there's a mixture of things. I've found a couple of   new sources which might stand us in good stead from time to time.  The INFOCENTRE BBS offers a hefty sampling of CP/M general         interest articles. Some of the material was written a few years    ack and its authors were from various special interest groups      (SIGS). The big eld at ADAMCON 06                Sarasota Florida, October 6 to 9 1994.                 Watch the editing on this one. It was                lifted directly out of an Ottawa Freenet                capture file. I haven't cleaned it up.AC6RPORT.TXT    Of Hope and Faith and ADAMCON 06. By                    Bart Lynch. This is Bart's report on                 Sarasota. He's first off the mark, and                his eagle eye misses nothing.ADAMWP.TXT      Of ADAM and Words and Word of ADAM. Ron undane housekeeping     items next disk when I've had a chance to catch my breath. The     aim now is to get this one out and get back on schedule.********************************************************** Index   to ANN Disk - Oct 94 - Side 1.0304NEWS.OCT    News from Keith Marner  (UK ADAM                Subscribers). Bits and Pieces from the                ADAM world as seen from the United Kingdom.05OPEN94.OCT    A report on Keith's annual Open Day.06PROFIL.OCT    An interesting glimpse of how and what.CPM-C001.TXT    From the InfoCentre BBS in Ottawa, courtesy                Ian Cottrell, sysop, comes a series of                 articles on various CP/M topics. These are                oldies, but there's still some good info                here. This one deals with public domain                 software available for CP/M (read also                 TDOS).CPM-C002.TXT    Same source. This article talks about modem                software, and talks about two mainstays         DOS04.OCT    Part 4 of Guy Cousineau's series on                 advanced TDOS. Command History, SmartKeys                and Archiving. Courtesy UKAS.23DBTIP7.OCT    Dbase tips from Keith Marner. Part 7:                 mailing labels. Keith provides a program                written in D-BASE II's programing language                to print out labels. AC6PROG.TXT     Received from Rich Drushel via Internet.                Rich's notes and recollections of a                 programmers meeting hadvantage of CP/M operation of course is that it   doesn't matter what machine you're using, the method of operation  is the same. The same applies with TDOS. Hopefully readers on this side of the house will enjoy these articles and find  something of value in them. We've also got Keith Marner's contribution and a good one it is.Here's the lineup for side one. Readme.two on the other side       completes this month's listing. I'll have more to say about        contribution deadlines, formats and other m                Mitchell (who's he?). Putting a base ADAM                to work .. first time in years.BBSHOLIC.TXT    Are you a BBSaholic?  Barry Wilson                 unearthed a test compiled from Oddyssey                BBS in 1991. A good read. 45 questions that                tell it all!BRAYMEN.TXT     Chris Braymen's announcement reminding us                of the upcoming ADAM Christmas card. Your                input has to reach him soon. Read this to                find out when, one ADAMite's                 story, by UKAS member Vincent Wilmot.09WPCHIP.OCT    An oldie but goodie. Description of various                Smartwriter chips (yes, there was more than                one version) written by Jim Notini and Jim                Walters. Courtesy NIAD via UKAS. How's that                for routing!12BEGIN6.OCT    Part 6 of Keith Marner's series "Beginning                 With ADAM". Keith deals with disk drives                 and hard drives. Courtesy UKAS18T       that are still available in our world.     the question, "What do I have to do to call up my local bulletin       board?"      MEX112           MEX112 (Modem EXecutive version 1.12) is a new program, now       only in its fourth revision.  Though it still has its roots in the       original MODEM7 (as does MDM740), it has been extensively       rethought and has some unique features.           MEX112 hasهههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه all the basics, and like MDM740, it has 10       programmable function keys and can continuously dial a list of       phone numbers.  Unlike MDM740, MEX112 lets you reset both the       function keys and the phone number library  without  exiting the       program.           MEX112 also has a CLONE command, which makes a new copy of       MEX112 and saves it to disk.  You can run MEX112, fiddle with the       phone library, function keys, and other settings until you have       everything set to هههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه