يEيCfأ       Initializing Media      Currents Ted Silveira                           2550 9th       Street (copyright and all rights reserved)             Berkeley,                                                             CA  94710               April 9, 1985              FINDING YOUR WAY AROUND AN RCP/M           If you want to get a lot of public domain software quickly,       your best bet is to pillage the library of a local users' group--       there you can fill up disk after disk, usually for free.  But if       you want FIRST DIR  پUھے BOOT       گDIRECTORY  طCPM-CC03H GOGODOSH  HELPMEH   #€LIBRARYH  )€LUNCHH    -MDGUIDE1H 1%%€MDGUIDE2H V""MDGUIDE3H x€PSPCT9-6H “README2H  –€SUPPLIERh  ڑSUPPLIERHT‌ BLOCKS LEFT omputers.           RCP/Ms can be exciting places (hundreds of programs, dozens       of commands) but also confusing ones (dozens of commands, hundreds       of programs).  So, for those of you who are new to the game, I'm       going put off reviewing public domain software for a moment and       show you around a typical RCP/M.  To get started, you need your       computer, a phone line, a modem to allow your computer to transmit       over the phone line, and a modem program to control all this‚Lےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے      ==============================================================      [   THE KAY*FOG RBBS  |  CPM-CC03.ART  |  posted 01/18/86  |  492       lines 24k  ]      The CP/M Connection                   Originally published in by         Computer to find the newest, the best, and the rarest, you need to       haunt the computer bulletin boards.           In the CP/M world, a bulletin board may be called an RBBS       (Remote Bulletin Board System), a CBBS (Computer Bulletin Board       System), or just a BBS.  But most often, a bulletin board that has       public domain software is called an RCP/M, a Remote CP/M system.        That title is misleading these days, as most RCP/Ms also have       public domain software for IBM PC and MS/DOS c       hardware.  The modem program should be one that can use the XMODEM       protocol, like MEX112, MDM740, and the other programs I covered       last issue.      GET READY           Here's a final checklist before you make your call.  You have       your computer hooked to your modem, and your modem hooked to the       phone line.  You have a modem program ready to run, and you know       the whole combination works.  You also have the phone numbers of       some local RCP/Ms (if not, look    you're lucky, the phone will ring, and the computer at the other       end will answer.  If the phone rings more than three times, it       usually means the RCP/M is down (not working), either temporarily       or permanently.  If the RCP/M answers the phone, its modem will       give a high-pitched whistle.  Your modem will answer, either       automatically or at your urging, with a whistle of its own and       make the connection.  Even if you can't hear the process, your       modem program gain,     --capturing the data from your screen into a disk file,      --and receiving files by the XMODEM protocol.      Keep this documentation nearby during your calls.           Make sure you have at least 100K of free disk space, either       on the disk that holds your modem program or on a blank disk an       another drive.  You may think that's excessive, but you'll fill it       sooner than you think, especially if you have a high speed modem.           Place a notepad and penci     First, the RCP/M will probably ask, "How many nulls do you       need (0-      9)?"  If you're using a computer to call this RCP/M, answer 0       (zero).  The nulls add a delay to the end of each line so that       slow teletype terminals can do their carriage return.  Computers       are so fast that they don't require any delay, but if you find       you're losing characters at the beginning of each line, increase       the number of nulls.  (I've never had to.)      If you're going to she proper       format for an RCP/M--1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop       bit.  This format is so common that almost all public domain and       commercial modem programs use it as the default setting.           Following your modem program's instructions, open a disk file       to capture your coming RCP/M session into a disk file.  Later, you       can print the file and look it over at your leisure.      GO           Dial the phone number.  It will probably be busy.  But if    at the "Networks and User Groups"       section in the back of Computer Currents).           Get the documentation for your modem and modem program and       before calling, review the procedures for      --dialing a call,      --making a connection when the RCP/M answers (most modems now       handle this automatically, but some don't),      --getting from command mode (where you give instructions to       your modem program) to terminal mode (where you talk to the RCP/M)       and back ashould tell you when you're connected.           Once you're connected, hit several carriage returns quickly,       so that the RCP/M can lock on to your speed.  Usually the RCP/M       responds after just two or three carriage returns, but some take       about 15 seconds to wake up.  If you get no response after 15       seconds, there's a problem at the other end; hang up and try             another system.  If the RCP/M does respond, your sign-on       will begin.      THE SIGN-ON      l nearby to write down instructions,       numbers of messages you want to read, and so forth.      GET SET           Start up your modem program, and set your transmission speed       (called the baud rate, roughly equal to bits-per-second).  If you       have a high speed modem that can run at 1200 (or even 2400) baud,       make sure the RCP/M you're calling can handle that speed.  If       you're not sure, call at 300 baud first.           You must also be sending and receiving data in tave this session into a disk file, start now.           Next, the RCP/M will display its sign-on and welcome       messages, usually including a few house rules, and then it will       ask for your name.  Unlike some other bulletin boards, almost all       RCP/Ms require your real name, and unceremoniously erase users who       sign in with fakes.  Once you've given your name, the RCP/M will       check to see if it knows you.  If it doesn't, it will take you to       a registration routine for newM, I always scan the messages left       since my last visit, and I suggest you do also.  For this visit to       Oxgate, Listing 1 shows that my previous high message was 970, so       I can scan all the messages left since then by typing "S;970" at       the command prompt.  When you connect with any system for the       first time, all the messages will be new, of course, so you can       type "S;1" to scan everything.           The summary command will show you the date, sender, receiver,       registration by people, kids and adults both, who try to crash and       otherwise abuse their systems.  (I ran a small RCP/M for a while       and found that people did indeed try to crash the system.  Every       day.)           If the RCP/M recognizes your name (because you've called       before), it asks for your password and then shows you the latest       bulletins, including system news and other things of interest.        Most of the time, you can cancel the bulletins by typing ^K.   ber.  When you're done, hit a carriage return to       get back to the command prompt.      ENTERING A MESSAGE           To enter a message of your own, type "E" at the command       prompt.  The system will ask for the name of the person you're       sending a message to ("ALL" for the general public, "SYSOP" for       the system operator).  Make sure you spell the name right or else       the person won't be alerted to the message.           Next the system will ask for the subject of your/M may use one of several different message systems:        Metal, Oxgate, XBBS, RBBS, CBBS, or some other.  On most systems,       in most cases, the major commands are the same as those in the       Oxgate RCP/M menu (see Listing 2).  The commands you'll use most       often are S and R, for scanning and reading messages; E, for       entering messages of your own; and G and C (or J), for leaving the       message system.      SCANNING AND READING MESSAGES           When I sign on to an RCP/ users.           Though many RCP/Ms allow new users access on the first call,       many others now require a verified registration.  You may have to       send a letter to the sysop (the SYStem OPerator) giving your name,       address, and phone number; the sysop will send your verification       and password by return mail.  This system is a pain for you, the       user, and even more so for the sysop, who must process all these       requests.  Most sysops feel they've been forced to use       and subject of all the public messages left, starting with       whatever number you specified.  As the summary scrolls by, jot       down the numbers of any that look interesting so you can go back       and read them.  When the summary is done, type "R" (for "read") at       the command prompt.  When the system asks for a message number,       type in the number of the first message you want to read.  When       you've read that message, most systems will prompt you for the       next message num   THE MESSAGE SYSTEM           Once the bulletins are finished, you'll find yourself in the       message system, the real "bulletin board" of the RCP/M.  As you       enter (see Listing 1), the system will tell you when you last       called, what the high message number was then, what the present       high message is, and whether you have any messages waiting.  It       will then give you its command prompt; you can get a menu of       commands by typing a question mark (?).           An RCP message.        You have only about 20 characters to describe it, but try to be       informative.  Many people may be interested in your subject and       want to enter the discussion (or just follow along), and I've       gotten a lot of valuable information from reading other people's       exchanges.  It's not considered impolite to read other people's       public messages, and it is perfectly acceptable to break in with a       comment or question of your own.           Then the system willal chit-chat.  These systems also have an       informal etiquette.  If you have any information, even a little,       that might help someone else, leave a message--it's part of       your contribution to the system.  If you ask for help (which is       how most people get started), be specific about what your problem       is, when it occurs, and what equipment you're using.  Make your       messages public, unless you have a good reason not to, so that       other people can learn, too.  And rememnow automatically restrict       the killing of a message to the sender, receiver, and sysop.           Finally, you get to the actual message entry section.  Most       systems limit the number of characters per line and the number of       lines per message; know these limits before you launch into a       detailed message.  You enter your message one line at a time; if       you make a mistake, you can backspace and retype it, as long as       you're still on the same line.  Once you start a newrecover if your connection is suddenly broken by       accident or a noisy phone line, but the log off procedure resets       the system more quickly and avoids any chance that the RCP/M might       get confused.           Typing "C" (for "CP/M") or sometimes "J" (for "Jump to CP/M")       will move you into CP/M, where all file transfers take place.  The       RCP/M will close out your session on the message system and give       you information on what commands are available while in the CP/M    retype the entire line.  If you want to add some more       lines to the end of your message, you can use the continue       command.  Once you're done with your message, use the list command       to check it over and then the save command (what else?) to save it.           Some RCP/Ms have very few messages, but the active ones have       messages of all kinds--pleas for help, discussions (technical and       otherwise), user tips, announcements and for-sale notices, bug       reports, and gener give you a chance to make the message       private or public and to attach a password or not.  Private       messages can only be read by the addressee, you, and the sysop       (who can read everything); public (normal) messages can be read by       everyone, whether they're addressed to ALL or to a particular       person.  A message with a password can only be killed (erased) by       the sender, receiver, or sysop, while a message without a password       can be killed by anyone.  Some systems ber, even when you're       alone, talking to some RCP/M 3000 miles away in the middle of the       night, you're in a public place; be on your good behavior.      LEAVING THE MESSAGE SYSTEM           Every message system has other commands available (see       Listing 2) but I'll leave you to explore these on your own, except       for the commands to exit the message system.  Typing "G" (for good-       bye) at the command prompt will log you off the RCP/M completely.        Most RCP/Ms can  line, though,       you can't go back--you'll have to finish your message and then use       the edit function to correct your mistake.           Hit two carriage returns in a row to end a message, and then       you'll be asked if you want to list (review), edit, continue,       abort, or save it.  You'll find the editing functions pretty       primitive on most systems.  You'll have to give the number of the       line you want to edit, and then, in many cases, your only option       will be to    section (see Listing 3).  Some systems also show you a map listing       what kinds of programs are in the different disk and user areas.        The next thing you see will be the CP/M A> prompt.      CP/M           Once you see the RCP/M's A> prompt (or it may be A0>), you       should feel right at home.  Most commands now operate just as they       do on your own computer except that a few have been disabled (ERA,       REN, and SAVE) and a few have new capabilities (like DIR and TYPE). (0-       15).  You move from one disk to another just as you do on your own       system.  For example, typing "B:" at the A> prompt moves you over       to disk B: and the prompt becomes B>.           How you move to a new user area on the same disk varies from       system to system.  On some, typing "USER 1" at the A> prompt moves       you to user area 1 of disk A.      A>USER 1           A1>      Notice that the prompt becomes A1>.  On other systems, you just       type the new user, which will give you information on how to use the       system; just type HELP at the A> prompt.  If you don't find       HELP.COM, look for a text file called NEWUSER.TXT, HOWTOUSE.DOC,       or something similar.  If you find it, view it on the screen by       entering "TYPE NEWUSER.TXT" at the A> prompt.  In either case,       make sure that you capture all this information into a disk file       so you can look at it later.      FINDING OUT WHAT'S WHERE           If the RCP/M didn't showut which method applies on the       system you've called.      WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU GET THERE           Once you've moved into a drive/user area that looks       interesting, type "DIR" at the CP/M prompt to get an alphabetized       directory of files in that area (see Listing 4).  It's not always       easy to figure out what you've found even after you get the       directory, so here are a few hints.           Files with the file type OBJ, like FILT6.OBJ, are ready-to-       run programs.       Some RCP/Ms use the shorter command "DIR *.* $AD" but also accept       the longer form.  WARNING--if you're running at 300 baud and       you're on an RCP/M with massive storage, it may take 20 minutes or       more to complete this command, though you can always abort it with       a ^C.  Make sure you save the results to disk.      GETTING AROUND           An RCP/M may have up to 15 disks (A-O), though most have only       2-4, and each disk may be divided into as many as 16 user areas           You're now in the drive and user area (drive A, user area 0)       where most of the programs used to run the RCP/M are kept.  If you       type "DIR" at the A> prompt, you'll probably see a number of COM       files, including DIR.COM, TYPE.COM, XMODEM.COM, and the main       message system program, which will be called RBBS.COM, OXGATE.COM,       METAL.COM, etc., depending on which system you've called.           If you're brand new to RCP/Ms, look for a program called       HELP.COM number followed by a colon:      A>1:      A1>           Most systems let you change disks and user areas at the same       time, so you can move from A1: to B3:, for example, with one       command.  On some systems, you enter the new drive and user number       followed by a colon:      A1>B0:           B0>      On other systems, you enter the new drive, a colon, a space, and       then the new user number:      A1>B: 0           B0>      You'll have to experiment to find o you a disk map as you entered CP/M,       look for a program called SYSMAP.COM or MAP.COM.  This program       will list the different types of software available (utilities,       games, business) and show where each is located so that you can go       straight to the files you're interested in.           If you want to see every file on the system, type "DIR *.*       $U0AD" at the CP/M prompt; this command will show you the       directory of files in every user area on every disk, one by one.   All you do, after downloading them, is change the       file type from OBJ to COM (FILT6.OBJ becomes FILT6.COM).  Sysops       use the OBJ file type to keep people from running these programs       while connected and crashing the RCP/M.           Files with the type DOC or INF, like FILT6.DOC, are text       files that document (give information about) a program.  Using the       TYPE command, you can scan FILT6.DOC, for example, to find out       what the program FILT6.OBJ does.  If you decide n.           These systems usually have an accompanying program, LTYPE,       which lets you view a text file member of a library on the screen.       If you want to look at README.DOC, which is inside FRONT41.LBR,       you type           B0>LTYPE FRONT41 README.DOC      That is, you specify the name of the library (with no LBR       extension) followed by the name of the file within the library.        (On some systems, the regular TYPE command will also handle LBR       files just as LTYPEompacted by a       special process so they take up less space.  When a file is       squeezed, the middle letter of its file type is changed to Q:        FILT6.DOC becomes FILT6.DQC, MAGE31.ASM becomes MAGE31.AQM, and so       forth.  Ordinary CP/M commands and programs can't handle squeezed       files; they'll just fill your screen with junk.  The RCP/M's TYPE       command will let you view squeezed files on the screen, but to       unsqueeze the file after you've downloaded it, you need a prograt LUX.      UP AND DOWN WITH XMODEM           Once you've decided what files you want, you'll use the       program XMODEM to download them.  If you type "XMODEM" at the CP/M       prompt, you'll get a brief description of how to use the program.        To tell XMODEM to SEND the file FRONT41.LBR to you (to download       the file, in other words), you type           B0>XMODEM S FRONT41.LBR      XMODEM will sign on, tell you the size of FRONT41.LBR and the time       it will take to downloas--DE-LBR, LU300, NULU11--will let       you extract the member files so you can use them.  But how do you       find out what's in the LBR file before you download it?           RCP/Ms use one of two systems for dealing with LBR files.        Some have a program called LDIR, which will give you a directory       of a particular library.  If you want to know what's contained in       FRONT41.LBR (see Listing 4), you type           B0>LDIR FRONT41      Notice that you don't use the LBR extensioyou want FILT6,       download both the OBJ and the DOC files.           Files with the type ASM, like MAGE31.ASM, are assembly       language source files, usually ones that can be turned into       runnable programs by the CP/M assembler ASM.COM that came with       your CP/M system.  ASM files are text files, so you can view them       with the TYPE command.  They usually have comments at the       beginning to explain what the program does.           Squeezed files are files that have been c does.)  If you forget what to do, type "LDIR"       or "LTYPE" at the CP/M prompt for instructions.           Other RCP/M systems use a program called LUX.  On these       systems, type LUX followed by the name of the LBR file (such as       LUX FRONT41), and LUX will actually put you INSIDE the LBR file.        You can then use DIR to get a directory of the library, TYPE to       view library members, SEND to download a member from the library,       HELP to get instructions, and control-C to exim       called USQ (for UnSQueeze) or NUSQ (for New UnSQueeze).  Most       RCP/Ms have a file called SQ/USQ.DOC or SQUEEZE.DOC which explains       how to deal with squeezed files.           A file with the type LBR is a library file, a group of       smaller files collected into a master file that CP/M treats as a       single file.  For example, the files FILT6.OBJ and FILT6.DQC might       be grouped into the file FILT6.LBR.  Once you've downloaded an LBR       file, any one of several programd at your speed, and signal that it's ready       to send.  At this point, you must set your modem program to       receive the file.  Do this quickly, as XMODEM will abort if you       don't get going in about 30 seconds.  During the download, XMODEM       will resend (up to 10 times) any section of the file that isn't       received cleanly.           If you just want to download one file from inside an LBR file       (like README.DOC from FRONT41.LBR), type           B0>XMODEM L FRONT41 READMand don't       upload any commercial programs.      LEAVING CP/M           Once you've finished you're uploading and downloading, you        can re-enter the message system by typing RBBS (or OXGATE or       METAL, depending on what message system is in use).  Or you can       log off the RCP/M system completely by typing BYE at the CP/M       prompt; the system will say good-bye and then reset itself for the       next caller (who will probably be there about 10 seconds after you       hang ug to put the file,       and signal that it's ready to receive.  Set your system to send       the file, and everything else will go as with downloading.      IMPORTANT FILES TO DOWNLOAD           RCP/Ms have many squeezed files and LBR files, so you must be       able to deal with these once you've downloaded them.  I suggest       you immediately download USQ (or NUSQ, which is smaller and       faster) and DE-LBR, along with their associated DOC files.  USQ       will let you unsqueeze any sqs a freelance writer and contributing editor to       several computer-oriented publications.  He appreciates       CompuServe      (72135,1447) or by mail to 2756 Mattison Lane, Santa Cruz, CA       95065.      sending a message to ("ALL" for the general public, "SYSOP" for       the system operator).  Make sure you spell the name right or else       the person won't be alerted to the message.           Next the system will ask for the subject of youren       you called, how long you stayed on, and what you downloaded or       uploaded.           Do your part to help the RCP/Ms you call keep up their public       domain software collection:  upload some files to balance out the       ones you download.  You don't have to write the programs yourself;       just pass on good public domain programs you've found on other       systems.  Always check before you upload to make sure the system       doesn't already have the program you want to send, E.DOC      Note that you specify the name of the LBR file, without the LBR       extension, followed by the name of the file you want to download       from the library.  Everything else will proceed as with the XMODEM       S command.           If you have a file that the RCP/M doesn't have, you also use       XMODEM to upload the file.  To tell XMODEM to RECEIVE the file       SUPERZAP.OBJ from you, type           B0>XMODEM R SUPERZAP.OBJ      XMODEM will sign on, tell you where it's goinp).  Please take the few seconds required to make this       orderly exit; it makes everything run more smoothly.  Sometimes       when you type BYE, you'll be given the option of leaving a note       for the sysop before exiting.  (Say thanks once in a while; these       people work hard in a good cause.)           Next issue, I'll cover the basic public domain utilities that       everyone should have.      --------------------------------------------------------------         Ted Silveira iueezed file, and DE-LBR will extract       the member files from an LBR file.  Many RCP/Ms keep these and a       few other basic programs in a special disk/user area labelled       STARTER.KIT or U-NEED.      RCP/M ETIQUETTE           RCP/Ms are busy 24 hours a day, so most have a strict limit       (usually one hour a day) on the amount of time you can spend on       the system.  Please follow it--other people want to use the       system, too.  Almost all RCP/Ms automatically keep track of wh‚CےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےGoing for GODOSby Ron MitchellWhatever happened to GODOS anyway?The Graphics Oriented Disk Operating System proposed by Sol Swift  was about to stand the ADAM world on its ear, or at least so we    heard around 1988 or 1989. There is a long stoeliberately installed a patch to reduce the user memory           available. Probably didn't have anything to do with values         reported by the fre(0) function. Cripple ware. It shows the        importance of keeping rigorous notes while your programming :)     Sol admits to not being able to remember where he put it, and I    can believe that.All that aside, it seems fairly obvious that the Graphics User     Interface (GUI) called GODOS is not about to become a threat for   Microsoft Windows any tirrectly states that:a) the documentation is terrible;b) there's a limitation on the size of the user workspace.Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe that the version we all     have, GODOS version 1.200 and GOBASIC version 1.153, was still in  Beta test at the time development stopped somewhere around or      just before ADAMCON 01. The documentation consisted of a series    of files on disk describing in rather terse fashion the various    GOBASIC commands. There were ten demonstration programs  llows you to more or less follow your nose  through a program. You simply point and click, or position the     arrow and press return, and away you go. There is no need to       remember or type in commands. ADAM's smartkey display provides an  example of an elementary GUI, written before Windows was even      born.  A GUI is considered by most programmers in the CP/M world as       unecessary overhead. It slows things down and occupies space. In   the 64K world, if you're going to occupy space you'd betsome neat things can be     done. The demo programs tend to bear out this contention. What     confuses me however, is that when I ask GOBASIC to report space    available  PRINT FRE(0) it reports: 30833, no matter what size memory expander is on       board. I tried three machines, one with a 1 MEG memory expander,   a second with a 256K memory expander and a third with a 64K        memory expander; there was the same result on all.Sol mentions in his notes (documentation) that he had              dry associated with   the demise of Sol's work which will no doubt sometime be recorded  wherever ADAM trivia are kept. I'm not even sure if I want to      know all of it.  Sadly, GODOS  has ended up in the depths of most  ADAM PD libraries around the continent, and that probably has      something to do with the fact that nobody seems to know what to    do with it.Rich Cossaboon revived the product in a recent article (463-ADAM,  June 1994) and reported that he'd done some work with it. He       quite come soon. It is a shame however that such   a lot of hard work should go for nothing.Fundamentally in our world there seems to be two types of users:   those who believe that GUI's are a good idea and those who don't.  Whether or not you believe in GUI's as a concept depends on your   philosophy about computer memory use, speed and efficiency. Since  none of my computer activity has anything to do with speed and     efficiency, I like GUI's. They're colourful, and they can provide  a user interface that awhich     provided some rather impressive illustrations of GOBASIC's         capabilities, but that's where it ended. There was no more         guidance about how to use it and no memory map giving any          indication of what space you could write to without destroying     something vital. More about this latter point in a moment.The limitation of user workspace is reported in the docs to be     somewhere around 8K. Rich Cossaboon confirms that number but adds  that with the tools GOBASIC gives you, ter be     capable of contributing something useful to the overall objective  at hand. Smartwriter, for example is not as fast as it could be    because it operates in graphics mode. It's actually re-drawing     your document each time you change it. At the same time, for       those not used to a wordprocessor, it provides a high degree of    user friendliness, and is therefore easy to use.... provided you   don't type too fast.GOBASIC provides you with the tools to build your own GUI. It has  pulldown  width on your        graphics screen. I've seen worse. Do you remember a program        called Multi-Write?GFONTS xWhere x is a number between 1 and 7. In the Graphics mode you can  actually switch between a choice of various fonts for your         lettering. And you can load other fonts for use as choice 7. The   font files must be on FONTPOWER Format.We'll do some more sniffing about for future ANN disks, as time    permits. Since I'm a GUI fan, I may as well learn about this one.   achine   language routine, or a shape table or some other required data     above 27407, I will not do anything wierd to SmartBASIC or EOS.    This is one piece of essential data that is missing with GOBASIC.  As it turns out, there are several GOBASIC commands that require   an address where text data to be used in a menu or dialogue box    is stored.for example:PULLDOWN <adrs> AT <b,d>  <adrs> is the memory address at which the menu words are stored.b is the box under which to pull down the meng up the TDOS what do I do after booting the   TDOS system disk 1?Unquote.At least my friend and fellow member took the trouble to ask the   question. Most people get this far and stop, dead cold.I've invited this man over to my place this afternoon. We're       going to conduct a crash course in TDOS and hopefully at the end   of the session he'll have the answer to his question. Hopefully    he'll feel confident enough to carry on. So what am I going to tell this gent? I've got precisely 2 hoo be between 55560 and 56320. That's    where Sol puts his.This is obviously going to take some work. Oh and by the way, it   appears there are at least two GOBASIC commands used in the        sample programs that aren't documented anywhere. SETADRSDoMSGUnless I'm missing something. And that might well be.On the plus side, there are some very simple things you can do to  convince yourself of the power of GOBASIC.Type GRAPHICSthen..COLUMN60this gives you a fairly readable 60 charactermenu commands, dialog box commands, several graphics      modes, and the capability of loading multiple fonts. You can open  several independent windows on the screen and have each one doing  something different. You can use  clips and pictures prepared      with PowerPaint, and you can print the screen at any time.Earlier I mentioned a memory map. SmartBASIC programmers know      that the memory space upwards from address 27407 to 53 thou and    some odd is available for user programs. So if I poke my m‚CےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےWhat Do I Do Next?by Ron MitchellSometimes we don't get across the way we want to. It's happened    to me again. On Byteman BBS the other day there was the following  message addressed to ALL from one of our members:Quote:to All - when settinu, and d is the       number of items to pull down.Ok. How long can menu items be? Is there any specific area where   they should be stored? another example:READCLIP <adrs> AT <ht,vt>Captures a clip from the GRAPHICS screen at the user specified     address.  Presumably there is a format for clips the same as there is  for a shape table. Again, where in memory is a safe place to  store this stuff?Going by the example programs, the safe location for various menu  items and like data seems turs   to prepare a lesson plan. As with all good lesson plans, at least  according to the training I've had, you start with your 'terminal  objective' and that is supported by one or more 'enabling          objectives' which in turn are supported by appropriate teaching    points.It's all directed at filling a gap in knowledge or skill. The      person wanting to learn does not know how to proceed beyond        initial bootup. We have to take him from there to being able to  a point where he can confidenrning. Play the wrong   shot and the door gets shut, whether or not he or you intend it.Well I don't know. I think I'm going start by saying some general  things about the benefits and payoffs of what we're about to do.   What's in it for him? Then I might present in about 25 words or    less as quick and as non technical an overview as I can of the     role that an operating system plays on any computer. I'm going to  be careful to find out at this point what my listener expected an  operating system ton an operating system and an             application.Know what a utility is.Know how to access the TDOS directory and what information to      extract from it.Know what applications are available for use with TDOS.The list could go on and on, and quite frankly I'm not sure where  to start. If I present too much information, I'm going to lose     him. If I present too little, we won't hit the objective.There is a problem here. It is a problem for most ADAM user        groups. It is the problem'll have to remember that  whatever we cover, we'll have to give him things that he can       remember how to do when he gets home.So that's my plan. If it goes well, we may just have another       member who's able to carry on his own exploration of TDOS and      continue learning with minimum guidance. If it goes well, my  man  will retain the curiosity that he had when he came over here,  and at least one barrier to that curiosity will have been  removed. If it doesn't go well, he'll end up confused amunications, I was told early on that the              responsibility for transmitting traffic rests with the party       having traffic to transmit. The problem we all have as             instructors is the danger of getting stuck on 'transmit' to the    point where we don't see the glassy-eyed stare from the back of    the room.So how do you do it? How do you explain TDOS to a gent who has     just received it and has given you enough of an open door to       indicate that he's really interested in leatly run applications programs under     TDOS."Without references, given an ADAM computer booted with the TDOS   operating system, the student will demonstrate the proper          procedure for operating applications and utility programs so as    to accomplish useful work."Something like that. It's not a real terminal objective because    it does not contain a performance standard. But for this session,  I'm not about to give exams.Enabling objectives? .... let's see....Know the difference betwee do, because that is where we're going to       start from. The game plan will be to tell him, to show him, and    then get him to do.To keep the listener awake, we're going to get down to the         'doing' mode as soon as possible. He's going to do the hands on    stuff and I'm going to watch.  We're going to start with the       place from which he asked his question, the infamous A> prompt,    and proceed from there. We may wander about a little and explore   some of the programs on the directory. I of presenting a simplified discussion    of a technically complex subject such that listeners or students   with little or no computer background will benefit and learn.      We're all too familiar with that 'glassy-eyed' stare that          emanates from the back of our meeting rooms while we're engaged    in instruction on our favourite subject. We understand our         subject. They should to. What's the matter with them!Sorry, that won't wash. Having spent much of my life in the field  of radio comnd the door will be shut forever. Wish me luck!SIC or EOS.    This is one piece of essential data that is missing with GOBASIC.  As it turns out, there are several GOBASIC commands that require   an address where text data to be used in a menu or dialogue box    is stored.for example:PULLDOWN <adrs> AT <b,d>  <adrs> is the memory address at which the menu words are stored.b is the box under which to pull down the meles with extensions of "LBR", "ARK or "ARC".  the first two are common to CP/M users while the ARC files are unique to    the MS-DOS world.  Of the two types of CP/M libraries, the first, LBR, is by far the most common.There are several reasons why one might want to put small files   in a library.  Library files are smaller than the sum of the      individual files.  For example, on one disk, I have five small 2k files.  That is the minimum size alloted to a file on a system    using DSDD disk (1k for SS‚BےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےLIBRARIESby Bill Blazer, KCUG N.C., February 1987(A look at types of library files and uses of library files.)The library concept originated with Garry P. Novosielski with the release of LU.COM.  I don't know how many versions he released,   but uld run out of directory space and still have a lot of  unaccessible storage space left on the disk.  As far as I know,   any type of file can be libraried and different types of files    can be included in one library.  Finally, libraries allow         grouping like files together for better organization.Obviously, one would not want to library often used files.  It    does take some time to go through the motions of opening a        library, finding and extracting the desired member and then       inset of all, what is a library file?  Martin Murray best defines a library file this way:  "A library file is a single CP/M file   which maintains one or more smaller files as its members.  Each   file is written to the library and recorded in the library        directory.  After that, it may be accessed for viewing, printing, or execution, or may be extracted from the library to assume the  status of a stand alone file once again."In the realm of public domain programs, you are likely to see     library finu, and d is the       number of items to pull down.Ok. How long can menu items be? Is there any specific area where   they should be stored? another example:READCLIP <adrs> AT <ht,vt>Captures a clip from the GRAPHICS screen at the user specified     address.  Presumably there is a format for clips the same as there is  for a shape table. Again, where in memory is a safe place to  store this stuff?Going by the example programs, the safe location for various menu  items and like data seems tDD disk systems).  Now, if I library    those files under on file name, those five files take up only 4k  when libraried.  Of course, with files which use most of the 2k   allotment the library will be proportionally larger but in most   cases, the library files will be smaller by about 2k or more.  In addition to conserving disk space, I also reduce the number of    directory entries.  Under CP/M a total of 64 directory entries is allowed.  So if you have a bunch of small files occupying 2k or   4k, you cowhen I got a copy of LU.COM, Ver. 3.0, I thought I had died   and gone to heaven.  However, as usual, someone is always         inventing a better mousetrap and that came along in the form of   NULU, Ver. 1.0 by Martin Murray.  the latest version of that      program is version 1.51 which is available in the club library or from Binary Star.  there may be a later version out, but all I    can say about version 1.1 is "it don't get any better than        this!!"  (I haven't moved on to Ver. 1.51 yet.)Firsrting the new member back into the library (that is, if any   changes have been made to the extracted member).  Incidently,     once a member is extracted, that does not mean there is a hole or vacancy in the library.  A copy of the desired program is written out to disk under its own name.  The original program is still in the library.  It's sort of like copying a program from one disk   to another except in this case, the copying is done on the same   disk.  Yes, you can copy to another drive too.If yo000 IBM system turned out to be             incompatible with the software he wanted to use for his customers  work.  Of course, he said, his clients paid for the equipment, so  HE didn't lose any money.Around and around the conversation went.  It finally struck me     that the only person at my table who was really satisfied with     what his computer could do was me.  Me and my "inferior" 8-bit     CP/M machine.I couldn't resist mentioning the new 32-bit systems and how MS-    Dos would soon be "obs‚CےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThis article was originally published in the Y.O.U.r CCP/          Newsletter - a joint publication of the Yankee Osborne Users       group and the Connecticut CP/M users group.                     REFLECTIONS OVER LUNCH                       by J have?  It doesn't have dedicated people who    love their machines, who go to the trouble to study every nook     and cranny of their capabilities and perhaps, more importantly,    their POSSIBILITIES.  And MS-DOS does not have users that really   know their machines and who band together to ensure their          survival.All-in-all, the worshippers of Big Blue and associated cults may   have more power and potential than us, but in the long run that    doesn't really matter.After all, it's not what lic domain stuff. It costs me only the price of a           diskette."The conversation at the table quickly changed to tales of hard     disks and megabyte spreadsheets.Listening to the prattle around me, I came to an interesting       discovery.  Yes, it was true. These people had systems with        greater memory and more capabilities than my humble Kaypro.  But   no one was really using much of this power.It really hit home when the Nuclear engineering consultant         mentioned that his $70,u are not familiar with the library concept, I would         encourage you to copy a LBR vile and NULU to a blank disk and     play around with extracting programs from the LBR file.  Try      creating your own libraries using NULU.  I think you will find    libraries to be a valuable tool and you will soon be wondering    how you got along without them.stem plays on any computer. I'm going to  be careful to find out at this point what my listener expected an  operating system toolete."Suddenly, the conversation shifted again.  You'd be surprised at   how many people are interested in the new tax laws.And what is the moral of this little tale, dear friends?Simply put, it is:Yes, Virginia, there are more powerful systems then those that     run CP/M.  MS-DOS has more features, more memory, and companies    that provide product support.  There are a multitude of magazines  that sing its praises.  And they even run flashy ads during the    Super Bowl.But what doesn't itames F. TaylorI was at a business lunch the other day when the conversation (as  it often does at business gatherings these days) turned to         computers."What system do you have?" I was asked."Kaypro II," I proudly replied.  And like Arlo Guthrie once said,  "they all moved away from me on the bench.""CP/M is dead," one of the men at the table said."Not at all," I said, "In fact I'm getting new software almost     every day for my machine.  And you know what?" I grinned, "It's    all pubyou have, it's what you DO with it that   counts.                              ****If you would like to join the Yankee Osborne Users group, send     $12/year to:            Betty Scoville            P. O. Box 152            Weatogue, CT 06089If you would like to join the Connecticut CP/M users group, send   $15/year to:            Tom Veile            26 Slater Avenue            Norwich, CT 06360      it is assumed that the reader knows the basics about going online.        For example, we would not discuss how to connect an external modem to       your computer, nor would we explain what 8-N-1 means.  This file is       in the IBM ASCII format. Each line ends with a linefeed and a       carriage return. If you use a Macintosh, open the file with a text       editor and get rid of the linefeeds. (I recommend McSink, a shareware       text editor widely available. Just launch McSink and open t‚Nےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                       What You Need To Know About Modems                                December 25, 1991                                   Version 1.0      ------------------------------------------------------------------      -- Copyright (c) or has attempted throughout this document       to distinguish proprietary trademarks from discriptive terms by       following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer.      -----------------------------------------------------------      - CONTENTS        Introduction        Modulation Protocols        2400 bps modems        High-speed modems        V.32        V.32bis        U.S. Robotics HST        Telebit PEP 383        Hayes Express 96        CompuCom CSP        Things to cbout "The Joy of Telecomputing," see       Appendix C. This article should be useful to anyone interested in       high-speed modems (or 2400 bps modems with MNP-5 or V.42bis). Most       modems mentioned in this article are external units. These modems can       be used on any microcomputer system, be it a PC, a Macintosh or an       Amiga. Although only certain communication programs are used as       examples, the discussions about setting up software apply to packages       not covered herein.u are not familiar with the library concept, I would         encourage you to copy a LBR vile and NULU to a blank disk and     play around with extracting programs from the LBR file.  Try      creating your own libraries using NULU.  I think you will find    libraries to be a valuable tool and you will soon be wondering    how you got along without them.stem plays on any computer. I'm going to  be careful to find out at this point what my listener expected an  operating system tohe file,       then choose the Convert menu and select Strip Linefeeds.)      To print this document, use a 10-pitch (12 characters per inch) mono-       spaced font such as Courier.      Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate       information. However, information contained herein is subject to       change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by       the author who assumes no responsibilities for any errors that may       appear. Trademarks: The auth1991 Patrick Chen. All rights reserved.      Distribution Notice: This document may be distributed by electronic       bulletin boards and commercial on-line services. This document may       not be edited or changed in any way for redistribution.      This article is Part One of a three-part report entitled "The Joy of       Telecomputing." As a plain ASCII file, it cannot contain any of the       illustrations and graphic elements provided in the printed version.       For further information aome        V.fast        ISDN        Error Control Protocols        V.42 and MNP-4        V.42 & MNP-4 can provide error-free connections        V.42 and MNP-4 can improve throughput        Are MNP 4/V.42 useful?        Data Compression Protocols        MNP-5 & V.42bis        Are MNP-5 & V.42bis useful?        Compression by Software vs. MNP-5/V.42bis Local Flow Control                and Data Buffering        Macintosh and high-speed modems        PC and UART        Profiles of High-speed mo-------Introduction      Buying and using a modem used to be relatively easy. Not so long ago,       almost all modems are 1200 or 2400 bps units and they are all       compatible with the Hayes Smartmodems (although some are more Hayes-       compatible than others). How time has changed.      Today, modems not only run faster, they are also loaded with features       like error control and data compression. Suddenly, you are confronted       with all the buzzwords: V.32, V.32bis, V.42, V.42bis  Should you buy a 2400 bps modem with V.42bis?        Beware of the ads        Setting Up Software to Work with High-speed Modems         The Proper Software Setup        Does Your Software Initialize the Modem Properly?        Does Your Software Configure Itself to Match the Modem Settings?        Why You May Need to Change the Initialization String        Editing the Initialization String        Match Software Settings To the Modem Settings        Configuring Popular Communications Software to Wransmitted over a telephone line and transforms incoming analog       signals into their digital equivalents.      The specific techniques used to encode the digital bits into analog       signals are called modulation protocols. The various modulation       protocols define the exact methods of encoding and the data transfer       speed. In fact, you cannot have a modem without modulation protocols.       A modem typically supports more than one modulation protocols. The       raw speed (the speedTerminal Emulation                Comm Port        File Transfer Protocols                ASCII 3r3                Xmodem                Xmodem-1K                Ymodem                Ymodem-g                Zmodem                Kermit                Sealink        Which file transfer protocol should you use?        Appendix A: Resources        Appendix B: How to reach the author        Appendix C: About "The Joy of Telecomputing"       -------------------------------------------------dems        ATI 9600etc/e        CompuCom SpeedModem Champ/Star/Storm        Hayes modems        Image Communications: Twincom 96/42        Intel 9600EX & 14.4EX        Practical peripherals PM9600SA & PM9600        Prometheus modems        Telebit modems        U.S. Robotics modems        Zoom V.32 Turbo Modems        Things to come        Buying a High-speed Modem        Should you pay the extra for a V.32bis modem?        Should you buy a modem with a proprietary modulation protocol?      , MNP-5, LAP-M,       etc. What do they mean? And what do they mean to you? To make the       most of a high-speed modem, you need to understand three different       kinds of protocols and the relationships among them. They are the       modulation protocols, error control protocols and data compression       protocols.      Modulation Protocols      Modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator. A modem converts digital       signals generated by the computer into analog signals which can be       tork with          High-speed Modems                 Procomm 2.0                Telix                Qmodem                HyperAccess 5                Crosstalk for Windows                MicroPhone II (for Macintosh)                ZTerm (for Macintosh)        Other Settings for Your Communications Software                 Telephone Number                Dial String: ATDT                8-N-1 or 7-E-1 (data bits-parity-stop bits)                Half vs. Full Duplex: Local Echo                 without data compression) of a modem is       determined by the modulation protocols. High-speed modems are modems       that feature modulation protocols at 9600 bps or higher. A 2400 bps       modem with data compression that can theoretically yield a 9600 bps       throughput is not a high-speed modem.      "CCITT" is a French acronym for the International Telegraph and       Telephone Consultative Committee. CCITT, a United Nations agency, is       an international telecommunications standardsT standard for 14400       bps modems. A V.32bis modem also can fall back to 12000, 9600, 7200       and 4800 bps. V.32bis is downwardly compatible with V.32.  Unlike       2400 bps modems where a single modulation protocol (V.22bis) is       supported by all modem makers, there are several proprietary       modulation protocols used by modems from different manufacturers.       U.S. Robotics HST (High Speed Technology) Until the recent surge of       V.32 modems, the U.S. Robotics HST was the de fac   CCITT V.21        (300 bps standard used outside the U.S.)      CCITT V.23        (1200/75 and 75/1200 bps, used in Europe)      In the past, most 2400 bps modems do not support any error correction       or data compression protocols. Recently, however, many modem       manufacturers have introduced 2400 bps modems with extra features       like data compression, error correction and fax capability.      High-speed Modems      There are two standard modulation protocols for high-speed modemriginal Courier HST       modem ran at 9600 bps. U.S. Robotics later improved the speed of the       Courier HST to 14400 bps. Although U.S.  Robotics remains committed       to the HST modems, there are now three different high-speed Courier       modems available: the Courier HST (which only supports the HST       protocol), the Courier V.32bis (which only supports V.32bis) and the       Courier HST Dual Standard (which supports both the HST and the       V.32bis protocols).      Telebit PEP (Pam are below $500. Every       modem manufacturer is making V.32 modems now. Packet-switching       networks like Sprintnet (Telenet) and CompuServe are also starting to       support V.32 modems.  Companies that make modems with proprietary       modulation protocols are making modems with "dual standard." U.S.        Robotics, Telebit, Hayes and CompuCom all have modems that support       V.32 and their own proprietary protocols.      V.32bis      V.32bis, established in early 1991, is the CCIT committee that makes       recommendations on a broad range of subjects concerning data       communications.      2400 bps Modems      A 2400 bps Hayes-compatible modem typically supports the following       modulation protocols:      Bell 103  (300 bps U.S. Standard)      Bell 212A (1200 bps U.S. Standard)      CCITT V.22        (1200 bps standard used outside the U.S.)      CCITT V.22bis (2400 bps International Standard)      Some 2400 bps modems also support the following protocols:   to standard in the       PC-based BBS community. U.S. Robotics introduced the Courier HST       modem in 1986 and pioneered the market for high-speed modems in the       IBM PC environment. The immense popularity of the HST modems was       partly due to the generous discount program U.S. Robotics offered to       the BBS Sysops (SYStem OPerators). Many modem manufacturers have       implemented similar Sysop discount programs, but most BBS sysops       remain loyal to the U.S. Robotics modems. The os:       V.32 and V.32bis. Both are standards established by the CCITT.       V.32      This is the standard for 9600 (and 4800) bps modems. CCITT V.32 is       adopted by the CCITT in 1984. But the market has not taken off until       recently. V.32 modems used to cost more than modems using proprietary       modulation protocols (Hayes introduced the Smartmodem 9600, a V.32       modem, in 1988 with a $1999 price tag).  But it is no longer true. At       present, street prices for most V.32 modecketized Ensemble Protocol)      Telebit introduced the TrailBlazer in 1985 that employed a       proprietary modulation protocol called PEP. While the Courier HST is       popular among BBS, Telebit modems dominate the UNIX UUCP and Usenet       communities. (Usenet, UUCP and the Internet are discussed in Part II       of "The Joy of Telecomputing").      The TrailBlazer Plus owes its success partly to its built-in support       for the UUCP g-protocol, thus allowing efficient and flawless UUCP dem. They can only connect at 2400 bps. (All       high-speed modems in the market support the CCITT V.22bis modulation       protocol). On the other hand, two V.32 modems can talk to each other       at 9600 bps.  They do not have to be from the same manufacturer. Two       V.32bis modems can talk to each other at 14400 bps. A V.32 modem can       talk to a V.32bis modem at 9600 bps.      Things to come      V.fast      CCITT is working on a new modem standard, dubbed V.fast. If all goes  also known as       Hayes "Ping Pong" protocol). The V-series modems have not been as       successful as the U.S. Robotics or the Telebit modems.      CompuCom CSP (CompuCom Speed Protocol)      While every modem manufacturer is jumping on the V.32 bandwagon,       CompuCom bucked the trend and came out with the SpeedModem Champ in       early 1991. It's a 9600 bps modem with a proprietary modulation       protocol called CSP. The SpeedModem Champ has one strong selling       point. It is the ohe telephone connections in the U.S. will has access to       it. With ISDN, you won't need a modem since no modulation or       demodulation will be necessary. You will need an ISDN adapter       instead. An ISDN line carries three digital channels: two "B"       channels that carry various kinds of data at 64,000 bps and a "D"       channel at 16,000 bps that can carry control signals or serve as a       third data channel. A single ISDN channel can transfer uncompressed       data bidirectionally nect at high speed, two modems have to       support the same high-speed modulation protocol. Therefore, a modem       with a proprietary modulation protocol can only establish a high-       speed connection with another modem from the same manufacturer. A       U.S. Robotics HST modem can only establish a high-speed connection       (at 9600 or 14400 bps) with another HST or an USR Dual Standard       modem. A Courier HST modem cannot establish a high-speed connection       with a Courier V.32bis mo      session. PEP also performs well even with noisy telephone lines. The       actual throughput is around 14400 bps. The TrailBlazer Plus has an       installed base of more than 120,000 units.      Telebit also introduced a cheaper (and slower) PEP modem, the T1000,       in 1988.      Hayes Express 96      Hayes entered the high-speed modem arena in 1987 with the       introduction of the V-series Smartmodem 9600. The modem used a       proprietary modulation protocol called Express 96 (     well, the next modem standard can materialize before 1993. A V.fast       modem is expected to reach a raw speed of 19,200-24,000 bps over       standard dial-up telephone lines.      ISDN      In a couple of years we may not need modems at all. Integrated       Services Digital Network (ISDN) has been coming for years. When will       ISDN really become available for the rest of us? It depends on your       local telephone company. It is estimated that by the end of 1994       about half tnly modem with a proprietary protocol that costs       less than a generic V.32 modem. The internal SpeedModem Champ is       priced at $169. An external version is available for $199. Hundreds       of PC-based bulletin board systems have installed the SpeedModem       Champ. The Champ also works as a Hayes-compatible 2400 bps modem with       MNP 2-4 error control and MNP-5 data compression.      Two modems can establish a connection only when they share a common       modulation protocol. To conat 64,000 bps. Combine that with a data       compression scheme and you will be able to transfer data at hundreds       of kilobits per second. Eventually, ISDN will provide widely       available, low-cost digital communications for voice and data       communication. Until ISDN is firmly in place, high-speed modems will       be with us for a while. Error Control (Error-Correcting, Error       Correction) Protocols Besides high-speed modulation protocols, all       current models of high-speed mod2-4) is similar to the       error correction scheme used by file transfer protocols (such as       Xmodem). The two modems use a sophisticated algorithm to make sure       that the data received match with the data sent. If there is a       discrepancy, the data is resent.      What is the difference between error control protocols (such as V.42)       and file transfer protocols (such as Xmodem)? For one thing, file       transfer protocols provide error detection and correction only during      includes MNP-4 as the alternate       scheme. Therefore, a V.42 modem will be able to establish an error-       controlled connection with a modem that only supports MNP 4. A modem       that uses a proprietary modulation protocol may also use a non-       standard error control protocol. For example, Hayes V-series       Smartmodem 9600 supports an error control protocol called LAP-B.       CompuCom's SpeedModem Champ also uses a non-standard error control       protocol.      V.42 & MNP-4 can establish a reliable       link. A modem works with bit streams, timing and tones. It does not       understand what a file is. When you download or upload a file, your       communications software needs to take care of the details related to       the file: the filename, file size, etc. This is handled by the file       transfer protocol which does more than error-checking.      Some file transfer protocols, most notably Ymodem-g and Imodem, are       developed to handle file transfer without peible modem, you probably notice some garbled       characters (like "@8d_\nw`[ce") show up on your screen from time to       time. When two modems establish an error-controlled connection, they       are said to have a reliable link and are capable of filtering out       those garbled characters caused by the line noise. Notice that the       line noise is still there, it just does not show up on your screen or       the screen on the remote system.      The filtering process used by V.42 (and MNP ems also support error control and       data compression protocols.      V.42 and MNP-4      There are two standards for error control protocols: MNP 4 and V.42.        The Microcom Networking Protocol, MNP, is developed by Microcom. MNP       2 to 4 are error correction protocols. MNP-5 is a data compression       protocol. V.42 is established by CCITT. V.42 actually incorporates       two error control schemes. V.42 uses LAP-M (Link Access Procedure for       Modems) as the primary scheme and  file transfers. File transfer protocols do not provide any error       control when you are reading e-mail messages or chatting with other       people online. In other words, an error control protocol is "on" all       the time during your online session and file transfer protocols are       "on" only some of the times, namely when you are sending or receiving       files.      Even though an error control protocol is "on" all the time, we still       need file transfer protocols when two modems provide error-free connections Modems without error       control protocols, such as most 2400 bps Hayes-compatible modems,       cannot provide error-free data communications. The noise and other       phone line anomalies are beyond the capabilities of any standard       modem to deliver error-free data. V.42 (and MNP 2-4) copes with the       phone line impairments by filtering out the line noise and       automatically retransmitting corrupted data. If you have used a       standard Hayes-compatrforming any error-       checking. The idea of using a protocol like Ymodem-g is to eliminate       the redundancy thus improve the transfer speed.  Ymodem-g and Imodem       should only be used with modems that provide built-in error control       protocols. These file transfer protocols do not provide any error-       detection or recovery capability. If a problem occurs during the file       transfer, the transfer session will be aborted.      Protocols like Ymodem-g or Imodem depend on the modrmation about Hayes products. The BBS also provides a database       for thousands of BBS in the U.S. Best of all, it is free. Unless       noted otherwise, the results are obtained by using the following:      Computer: Mac SE with Mobius Two Page Display with 68030 accelerator       Modem: ATI 9600etc/e (the modem is set as V.32 with V.42bis enabled)       Operating System: System 7.0 Communication Software: ZTerm (Comm port       speed set to 38400 bps) File Transfer Protocol: Zmodem      All computer. When two modems       make a reliable connection using V.42 or MNP 4, only the data       integrity between the two modems is ensured. It is still possible for       errors to occur at either end between the serial port and the modem       (in the cable) or in the computer itself. (Fortunately, such errors       are rare.) For extra protection, you may still want to use a file       transfer protocol - such as Zmodem - which also performs error       checking even if you have a reliable linng that       process it is able to reduce the size of the data by stripping out       the start and stop bits. A character typically takes up 1 start bit,       8 data bits and 1 stop bit for a total of 10 bits.  When two modems       establish a reliable link using V.42 or MNP 4, the sending modem       strips the start and stop bits (which subtracts 20% of the data) and       sends the data to the other end. The receiving modem then reinserts       the start and stop bits and pass the data to the rc        761             1042            1025      dayrpt.wks        1244            2314            2337      sunset.arc        745             987             965      sunset.pic        1297            2594            2588      text109k.arc      814             1089            1064      text109k.txt      1351            2812            2885      Note: The seven test files used throughout this article are available       on the Hayes BBS (800-874-2937). It is an excellent source for       infoems to provide       assurance for the integrity of data being transferred. However, you       should know that a reliable link between two modems does not provide       absolute guarantee for the data integrity during file transfer. When       you call a remote computer, there are really three links involved in       the process. Besides the link between the two modems, there are still       one link between your computer and your modem and another link       between the remote modem and the remote results are reported by ZTerm. (I use several communication       programs on both IBM PC and Mac. All of them show the average       throughput while file transfer is in progress, but ZTerm actually       produces a report after the transfer is completed).      V.42 & MNP-4 can improve throughput      The other benefit of V.42 (or MNP 4) is that it can improve       throughput. Before sending the data to a remote system, a modem with       V.42 (or MNP 4) assembles the data into packets and durik with the remote system.       There is a common misconception that Ymodem-g is much faster than       other file transfer protocols. Although Ymodem-g is significantly       faster than Ymodem, it offers little over Zmodem.  Zmodem has proven       to be extremely efficient. (See benchmark below)      Filename        Ymodem            Ymodem-g        Zmodem      -------------------------------------------------------      the-wave.txt      1527 cps        3261 cps        3296 cps      dayrpt.aremote computer.      Therefore, even without compressing the data you can expect to see as       much as 1150 characters per second on a 9600 bps connection.        (Although the modem subtracts 20% of the data, the speed increase is       less than 20% due to the overhead incurred by the error control       protocol.) Here are the test results obtained by downlaoding the same       file (1) without any error control protocol, (2) with MNP-4, and (3)       with V.42. No data compression protocol ifor a V.42bis modem is 4:1.  That       is why all those V.32 modem manufacturers claim that their modems       provide throughput up to 38400 bps.      Are MNP-5 and V.42bis useful?      Don't be fooled by the claim. It is extremely rare, if ever, that you       will be able to transfer files at 38400 bps. In fact, V.42bis and MNP-       5 are not very useful when you are downloading files from       online services. Why?      How well the modem compression works depends on what kind of files64      text109k.txt      937             1150            1127      Are MNP4 and V.42 useful?      Absolutely. Anyone that has ever used a standard modem can appreciate       the benefit of an error-free connection. And the increase in data       throughput, though modest, is nothing to sneeze at.      Data Compression Protocols      Besides error control protocols, all current high-speed modems also       support data compression protocols. That means the sending modem will       compr actually expand it, thus slow down       the file transfer! Here are the test results obtained by downloading       the three compressed files using (1) MNP-4 without data compression,       (2) MNP-5, (3) V.42 without data compression, and (4) V.42bis.      Filename          MNP-4         MNP-5           V.42      V.42bis      ---------------------------------------------------------------      dayrpt.arc        1023 cps      946             1002      1010      sunset.arc         971          935protocol. A MNP-5 modem requires MNP 4 error control       protocol and a V.42bis modem requires V.42 error control protocol.       Also note that although V.42 include MNP-4, V.42bis does not include       MNP-5. However, virtually all high-speed modems that support CCITT       V.42bis also incorporate MNP-5.      The maximum compression ratio that a MNP-5 modem can achieve is 2:1.        That is to say, a 9600 bps MNP-5 modem can transfer data up to 19200       bps. The maximum compression ratio s used.      Filename        No EC             MNP-4           V.42      ------------------------------------------------------------------      the-wave.txt      935 cps         1151 cps        1128 cps      dayrpt.arc        863             1023            1002      dayrpt.wks        898             1071            1052      sunset.arc        838             971             953      sunset.pic        903             1080            1065      text109k.arc      908             1085            10       are being transferred. In general, you will be able to achieve twice       the speed for transferring a standard text file (like the one you are       reading right now). Decreasing by 50% means that you can double the       throughput on the line so that a 9600 bps modem can effectively       transmit 19200 bps.      V.42bis and MNP-5 modem cannot compress a file which is already       compressed by software. In the case of MNP-5, it will even try to       compress a precompressed file andess the data on-the-fly and the receiving modem will decompress       the data to its original form.      MNP-5 and V.42bis      There are two standards for data compression protocols, MNP-5 and       CCITT V.42bis. Some modems also use proprietary data compression       protocols. A modem cannot support data compression without utilizing       an error control protocol, although it is possible to have a modem       that only supports an error control protocol but not any data       compression               953       950      text109k.arc      1085          988             1064      1053      If you have ever downloaded files from a BBS or online service, you       know that almost all files are in a compressed format. Therefore, you       should only expect to see an actual throughput between 950 to 1100       cps even if your V.32/V.42bis modem is supposed to offer throughput       "up to" 38400 bps.      Most PC files are in the ZIP format. Macintosh files are typically in            text file with V.42bis!      Here is another example. Spider Island Software BBS (714-730-5785)       has a test file called One-Minute Max. It is a Macintosh TIFF file       (file size 206,432 bytes). According to Spider Island Software, the       file can be downloaded in 56 seconds (with an effective throughput of       3745cps) with a V.32/V.42bis modem.      The result may seem impressive at first. However, the file can be       compressed to 6065 bytes (with Compact Pro) or 7385 bytes les in a compressed file archive to       ensure that all the related files get transferred at the same time.       3. Software compression is more efficient than on-the-fly modem       compression. In the case of a small file, this may not make much       difference. But the difference can be significant when you are       transferring large files.      Filename           Size           Time            Throughput      -----------------------------------------------------------------      the-waveou'll want to       send data from your PC to the modem as quickly as possible. If the       modem is idle and waiting for the computer to send data, you are not       getting the maximum performance from the modem.      For example, you have a V.32/V.42bis modem and you want to send a       text file to a remote system which also has a V.32/V.42bis modem.        Let's assume the modem is able to send the file at 20000 bps using       V.42bis. If your computer is sending data to your modem at 9600        transfer the compressed file text109k.arc than to download the text       file with V.42bis.      Hayes BBS does not provide a compressed version for the file the-       wave.txt. Using PKZIP (for PC) and Stuffit (for Macintosh), we obtain       the following results:      the-wave.zip: 6812 bytes (PKZIP) the-wave.sit: 6081 bytes (Stuffit)      Assuming a transfer speed of 1000 cps, the compressed file can be       downloaded in 7 seconds. That's six times faster than downloading the  the .SIT (Stuffit) or .CPT (Compact Pro) format. Amiga files are       usually in the ZOO, ARC or LZH format. Note that GIF files are also       in a compressed format.      Compression by Software vs. MNP-5/V.42bis There are several reasons       why compression software programs (such as PKZIP or Stuffit) are       superior to MNP-5 or V.42bis. 1. Compressed files save disk storage       space. 2. Compression software programs are more versatile. Most of       them allow you to group several fi(with       Stuffit). Assuming a transfer speed of 1000 cps, it would only take 6-       8 seconds to transfer. Again, it is seven to nine times faster than       downloading the file with V.42bis.      On-the-fly modem compression does have one advantage. It is more       convenient. You can send a file without compressing it first and the       recipient does not need to decompress the file.      Local Flow Control and Data Buffering      To get the most from a modem with data compression, y.txt      143579 bytes    43 seconds      3296 cps      dayrpt.arc        8423 bytes      8 seconds       1010 cps      dayrpt.wks        19712 bytes     8 seconds       2337 cps      sunset.arc        5084 bytes      5 seconds       950 cps      sunset.pic        16391 bytes     6 seconds       2643 cps      text109k.arc      29775 bytes     28 seconds      1053 cps      text109k.txt      111386 bytes    39 seconds      2822 cps      As we can see from the test results, it is about 30% faster tobps,       your modem will have to stop and wait to receive data from your       computer. To get the maximum performance, you want to set the       computer to send data to the modem at 38400 bps (the maximum a       V.32/V.42bis modem can achieve). Since the modem can only send the       file to the other modem at 20000 bps, it will never have to wait.      Here are the test results for downloading the text file the-wave.txt       by setting the communication port at different speeds: the-wave.txgain.      RTS is used by the computer on the receiving end of a transmission.        When the computer cannot accept data at the rate at which the modem       is passing data, it will disable RTS. The computer enables RTS again       when it is ready to resume receiving data from the modem. Software       flow control (or software handshaking) is achieved by embedding       control character in the data stream. XON and XOFF are the most       commonly used control characters. XON is also known as :       hardware handshaking (CTS/RTS) and software handshaking (XON/XOFF).       Of the two, hardware flow control is the preferred method. We have       mentioned earlier that there are three links involved when you are       connected to a remote system:      1. The link between your computer and your modem      2. The link between the modems      3. The link between the remote modem and the remote computer      Local flow control is used for the first and third links.  Notice       that thert hardware       handshaking. You can order the cable from most mail-order companies       that sell high-speed modems. I got mine from Maya Computer (800-541-       2318) for $10 (plus $2.50 for shipping & handling).      Unfortunately, the cable did not work with my SE. The cable is good       since it worked fine on a Mac IIsi. It just refused to work on my SE.       I was disappointed but not surprised. After all, my SE is equipped       with a 25 Mhz 68030 accelerator. (Well, it is actually buter starts transferring data.  If the       modem is unable to accept the data as fast as it is received from the       computer, the modem will disable the CTS to inform the computer that       the modem buffer is almost full (A high-speed modem typically       contains a small amount of RAM which is used to provide data       buffers). The computer will then suspend data transfer. Once the       local modem has emptied its buffer by transmitting data to the remote       modem, it will enable CTS at:       946 cps (modem port speed 9600 bps) 1885 cps (modem port speed 19200       bps) 3296 cps (modem port speed 38400 bps)      However, there is a new problem. Since your computer is sending data       faster than the modem can handle, there needs to be some ways for the       modem to ask the computer to stop sending data. Otherwise, data loss       is sure to occur. This is where local flow control comes into play. A       high-speed modem typically supports two kinds of local flow controlControl-Q or       DC3 (ASCII 19) while XOFF is known as Control-S or DC1 (ASCII 17).       The use of XON and XOFF during data transfer can create problem when       a binary file contain the Control-S (^S) character as a legitimate       part of the data. Do not use this method if ^S and ^Q are part of the       transmitted data.      Macintosh and High-speed Modems      If you use a Macintosh with a high-speed modem, you will need a       special modem cable that is wired correctly to suppo first link may not use the same kind of flow control as the       third link.      Hardware flow control (or hardware handshaking) works by altering       voltage levels on the RTS (Request To Send) and CTS (Clear To Send)       signal lines at the RS232 serial interface between the modem and the       computer.      CTS is used by the modem on the sending end of a transmission. When       the local modem is ready to receive data, it sends the CTS signal to       the local computer and the compoth an       accelerator and a video adapter for a 19 inch dual-page monitor.)       Since I will never want to run my SE without the accelerator, I have       no choice but to use software handshaking.      PC and UART (8250, 16450, 16550)            Your PC's serial port has a UART (Universal Asynchronous       Receiver/Transmitter) chip to control the input/output. The XT       usually has an 8250 UART, the AT usually has a 16450 UART. If you are       running Windows, Desqview, OS/2 or anyse will need to support it. Fortunately, the most recent  versions of popular communications programs are all designed to  support the 16550 UART.Hayes ESP (Enhanced Serial Port) Hayes makes an adapter called      Enhanced Serial Port (ESP) that has two serial ports complete  with an on-board coprocessor. The ESP can save your PC's CPU from        having to manage the work load. If a 16550 UART is not good  enough for you, the ESP may be the only answer.Profiles of High-speed ModemsHere are profilert). If you       use an internal modem, the UART is on the modem. (Both internal       modems frommodems is ensured. It is still possible for       errors to occur at either end between the serial port and the modem       (in the cable) or in the computer itself. (Fortunately, such errors       are rare.) For extra protection, you may still want to use a file       transfer protocol - such as Zmodem - which also performs error       checking even if you have a reliable lin5,              V.42/V.42bis. And a V.32bis/V.42bis modem supports V.32bis, MNP 2-  5, V.42/V.42bis. Most modems listed here are introduced in the      past eighteen months. ATI 9600etc/eATI Technologies is well known for their video adapters. But they   also make a V.32/V.42bis external modem. As of this writing, it  is the least expensive external modem from an established              manufacturer. It is a generic high-speed modem that works well.     The street price for the ATI 9600etc/e is $379.‚DےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےPractical Peripherals and Zoom use the 16550 UART. The Twincom      96/42 uses a 16450. The CompuCom SpeedModem Champ, due to its       unique design, does not use a standard UART.)Even if you have a 16550 UART, the communication software that  you u other multitasking       environment, you should upgrade your UART with the 16550 (if your PC       does not already have one). The 16550 is standard in most IBM PS/2       and many 386-based computers. The 16550 UART has a 16 bytes FIFO       (first in, first out) buffer that helps to prevent degradation when       several programs are running at the same time.      If you use an external modem, the UART is in your computer (either on       the motherboard or on an I/O card that has the serial pos of some high-speed modems. The list is not        comprehensive, nor is it intended to be. Unless noted otherwise,    the street price quoted are from PC Connection (800-243-8088) in    PC Magazine (12/31/91). PC Connection generally does not offer  the lowest price, but the service is excellent. I have dealt with  PC   Connection and MacConnection (800-800-4444) for many years and      have yet to be disappointed with their services. Unless noted       otherwise, a V.32/V.42bis modem supports V.32, MNP2-k with the remote system.       There is a common misconception that Ymodem-g is much faster than       other file transfer protocols. Although Ymodem-g is significantly       faster than Ymodem, it offers little over Zmodem.  Zmodem has proven       to be extremely efficient. (See benchmark below)      Filename        Ymodem            Ymodem-g        Zmodem      -------------------------------------------------------      the-wave.txt      1527 cps        3261 cps        3296 cps      dayrpt.aI have been using an ATI 9600etc/e for several months now and I  am very pleased with it. I will not hesitate to recommend it to        anyone looking for an affordable V.32/V.42bis modem.There are two things I really like about the ATI modem: * It has  a slide volume control on the outside so you can easily adjust  the   volume by hand. * It has factory settings for three different       modes: V.32 only, V.32 with MNP-5, V.32 with V.42bis. It is very    convenient if you need to initialize the modem $799.Optima 96 is a plain vanilla V.32/V.42bis modem. This is Hayes'     answer to the "generic" V.32/V.42bis modem. The current street      price is $479. Image Communications: Twincom 96/42The Twincom 96/42 is an internal V.32/V.42bis modem. It lists for   $299. (Don't expect to get discount on the price.) It just won a    1991 Best Buy Award from Computer Shopper. Notice that it has a     16450 UART, not a 16550. Furthermore, you cannot replace the  16450 with a 16550, the Twincom 96/42 will not smail capabilities. The current price is $269.  The    SpeedModem Storm is a dual-mode modem. It supports both CSP  and    V.32/V.42bis. The discount price is $299 (internal) and $339        (external). The Storm is also available with fax and voice mail     options for an additional $90.The SpeedModem Star is also a dual-mode modem. It supports both     CSP and V.32bis/V.42bis. The discount price is $499 (internal)  and $539 (external). The Star is also available with fax and  voice     mail options for ltra 96. However, the PM9600SA  only         responds to a subset of the commands supported by the Hayes  Ultra  96. Any commands specific to the Hayes Ultra 96 that are  not       implemented in the PM9600SA will be ignored.Some early PM9600SA units have quite a few problems connecting to   other V.32 modems. (Make sure you send in the warranty card.)       Practical Peripheral has since sent out several ROM upgrades and    the current shipping units seem to be working fine.Practical Peripherals alsoith the V-series     Smartmodem 9600. Ultra 96 is a dual-mode modem from Hayes.          Introduced in 1990, the Ultra 96 supports both V.32/V.42bis and     the Hayes Express 96 modulation protocol. Ultra 96 has many  unique features that are not needed if you are calling BBS or  online      services. The current street price is $669. Introduced in  Fall     1991, Ultra 144 is a dual-mode modem that supports both             V.32bis/V.42bis and the Hayes Express 96 protocol. The current      street price is in different ways.CompuCom SpeedModem Champ/Star/Storm The SpeedModem Champ is a      9600 bps high-speed modem with CompuCom's proprietary CSP           modulation protocol. It is introduced in early 1991. It can be      ordered from CompuCom directly at a discount price of $169. The     CompuCom Champ is supported by hundreds of BBS in the U.S.,         including heavyweights such as EXEC-PC and Channel 1. CompuCom      also markets the SpeedModem Combo which is a SpeedModem Champ  with fax and voice upport a 16550  UART at   all. Intel 9600EX & 14.4EXThe 9600EX is a V.32/V.42bis modem. The 14.4EX is a V.32bis/V.42bis modem. PC Connection is selling the 9600EX for      $499 and the 14.4EX for $549. If you decide to buy an Intel  modem, the 14.4EX is obviously a better deal.Practical Peripherals PM9600SA & PM9600 The PM9600SA is a           V.32/V.42bis modem. It is designed to be compatible with the  Hayes Ultra 96. That means you can tell your communications  software     that you have a Hayes Uan additional $90.Hayes Modems V-series Smartmodem 9600. Introduced in 1987, this  is a high-speed modem that supports the proprietary Hayes Express  96  modulation protocol. The V-series Smartmodem 9600 is still          available from various mail order vendors. There is also an         internal unit called V-series Smartmodem 9600B.Smartmodem 9600. Introduced in 1988, the Smartmodem 9600 is a  V.32 modem. It does not support any error control or data compression protocol. Don't confuse this unit w makes an internal modem that features  a 16550 UART. You can get the PM9600SA for $469 and the internal      PM9600 for $399. Prometheus ModemsPrometheus modems are available from many Macintosh mail order      companies. Until recently, Prometheus is the only manufacturer      that makes high-speed modems with fax capability. Promodem 9600     Plus is a V.32/V.42bis modem. It can also send and receive Group    III fax at 9600 bps.Prometheus Ultima is a V.32bis/V.42bis fax modem. It can also  sendnless you are only going to  communicate with other USR HST modems, it is probably not a good idea to purchase this unit. The street price for a 14400 bps HST    is $550-$600. Telemart (800-521-1973) sells either the internal  or the external version for $559.Courier V.32bis. Introduced in 1990, this is a V.32bis/V.42bis      modem. It does not support HST. Telemart offers the external        version for $565 and the internal version for $535.Courier HST Dual Standard. This unit is introduced in 1990m. T1000. Introduced in 1988, the      T1000 is the little brother of the TrailBlazer Plus. The T1000      supports PEP at a slower speed. The actual throughput is about      9600 cps. The current list price is $699. Unlike the TrailBlazer    Plus, the T1000 does not have callback or password security.        T2500. $949. Introduced in 1989 when V.32 modems started to enter   the market, the T2500 supports both V.32/V.42bis and PEP. The       maximum throughput is 19,200 bps due to the limitation imposed by: 8.3" wide,      12.65" deep, 1.57" tall. I would not want to carry one of these     with me when I travel. (It's bigger than my notebook computer.)     Sportster 9600 V.42bis. This unit is introduced in 1991. The        Sportster 9600 is an entry level V.32/V.42bis modem from U.S.       Robotics. The list price is $645 for the external version. ($595    for the Internal version). WorldPort 9600 V.32. The WorldPort  9600 is a portable pocket modem. Originally made by Touchbase  Systems,  the WorldPort 9600 is     the first portable V.32/V.42bis modem (2.3"x2.4"x2.4"). It works    with a 9-volt battery for about two hours.Note that T1600, T2500, T3000 all offer the following features: *   Built-in support for UNIX UUCP, Xmodem, Ymodem, Kermit file         transfer protocols * Two types of dial-access security: password    security and callback security * Remote management and diagnosticsU.S. Robotics ModemsCourier HST. This is the modem that made U.S. Robotics the king  of PC-based BBS communities. U and receive Group III fax at 9600 bps. MacConnection sells  the     Ultima for $689.Telebit ModemsTelebit makes several modems. The prices quoted for the Telebit     modems are their new list prices.TrailBlazer Plus. $849. Introduced in 1985, the Trailblazer has     been the de facto standard in the UNIX UUCP and Usenet              communities. With the new pricing, you should consider the T2500    or the T3000 instead of the TrailBlazer Plus if you need to         connect to a Telebit PEP mode. If  you need to connect to HST modems and also want to be able to  talk to  other V.32/V.32bis modems, this is the modem to buy. Its  current   street price is around $800. Telemart sells the HST Dual  Standard  for $799. (Note that earlier HST Dual Standard modems  only support V.32 and not V.32bis.) The HST Dual Standard is considered by many PC users as the best modem money can buy.The only reservation I have about the Courier modems is their       size. The external Courier modems are rather bulky   the older Rockwell chipset used.T1600. $699. The T1600 is a V.32/V.42bis modem introduced in  1991. It provides built-in support for UUCP and offers password  and      callback security.T3000. $949. This is the top of the line model from Telebit. The    T3000 is a V.32bis/V.42bis modem. PEP upgrade is available for  $99 until 3/31/92. After that date, the upgrade will be $199.  QBlazer. $745. If I am going to buy another high-speed modem today, this will be it. (I use a notebook computer). QBlaser is a V.32/MNP-5 modem. It does not  support      V.42/V.42bis. The WorldPort 9600 works with a 9-volt battery. The list price is $699.Zoom V.32 Turbo Modems Zoom has been making Hayes-compatible        modems for a long time. The V.32 Turbo is their entry into the      high-speed modem arena. The V.32 Turbo is a V.32/V.42bis with a     12000 bps turbo mode which is compatible with a V.32bis modem at    12000 bps. Zoom also makes an internal version of the V.32 Turbo    that features a 16550 UART. PC CoThe Joy  of Telecomputing" provides a comprehensive discussion of the  issues   involved.Should you buy a modem with a proprietary modulation protocol? With the exception of the CompuCom SpeedModem Champ, it is          generally not a good idea to purchase a modem which only supports   a proprietary modulation protocol. If you have to connect to a      modem that uses a proprietary modulation protocol, you should       consider getting a modem that supports dual modulation protocols    (USR Courier be bundled with the modem for an additional $50-  $70. (These  modems won't be available at least until January 1992.)Buying a High-speed ModemV.32 and V.32bis modems are clearly the standards of high-speed     modems today. You should buy a V.32 or a V.32bis modem unless 1.    Your application requires a high-speed modem with a proprietary     modulation protocol. In this case, you should consider a dual-      mode modem that support both the proprietary protocol and V.32  (or V.32bis).2. You cae systems via a   packet-switching network, the CompuCom Champ may not be a good      choice. The CompuCom Champ is generally not supported by packet-    switching networks (The only company that supports the CompuCom     Champ is Connect-USA). As a result, you will only be able to        connect at 2400 bps with the packet-switching networks. You would   be forced to place a long distance call if you want to connect at   9600 bps. See Part III of "The Joy of Telecomputing" for the        various issues invAssuming the remote system support V.32bis, a   V.32bis modem will pay for itself rather quickly if you are         placing long distance calls to the remote system. However, it may   be more cost-effective for you to use some packet-switching         networks to reach the remote system by calling a local number. A    V.32bis modem will be wasted since none of the packet-switching     networks currently support V.32bis. In fact, they are just          starting to offer 9600 bps access service. Part III of "nnection sells the internal  model for $399.Things to come Every modem manufacturer makes at least one          V.32/V.42bis modem now. And soon every manufacturer will also  make a V.32bis/V.42bis modem. The price for V.32 and V.32bis  modems     will continue to drop. In fact, Supra has announced an  external    V.32 fax modem (SupraFaxModem V.32) for $299 and an external V.32bis fax modem (SupraFaxModem V.32bis) for $399.  These prices are for the modems only. Communication and fax  software     will Dual Standard, Telebit 2500 or 3000, Hayes Ultra).Should you buy the SpeedModem Champ? It certainly costs much less   than even the least expensive generic V.32 modem in the market      today. Assuming the systems you are calling support both V.32 and   the CompuCom Champ modems, should you save the money and buy the    Champ? Unfortunately, there is no clear-cut answer to the           question. The answer again depends on how you are going to reach    the remote systems. If you want to reach the remotnnot afford a V.32 modem. In this case, your only choice   for a  high-speed modem is the CompuCom SpeedModem Champ.Should you pay the extra for a V.32bis modem? A V.32bis modem is faster than a V.32 modem but it also costs       more. Should you pay the extra for the speed difference? That       depends on two factors: what's the price difference and how do  you want to reach the remote system. If the price difference is  $50, I would buy the V.32bis modem. But what if the price difference is $200? olved.Should you buy a 2400 bps modem with V.42bis?  If you are  thinking of purchasing a 2400 bps modem with V.42bis data compression, think again.We have mentioned earlier that V.42bis and MNP-5 are useless for    downloading compressed files. There is one more reason why a 2400   bps with V.42bis is generally not useful when you are calling       commercial online services or BBS.Online services and BBS usually have separate phone numbers for     2400 bps and high-speed modems. Most of them do dulation protocol (Hayes V-series   Smartmodem 9600, Telebit 1000, etc). 3. it is a 2400 bps modem      with V.42bis data compression. 4. it is a 2400 bps modem with  9600 bps fax 5. it is a 2400 bps modem both V.42bis and faxSetting Up Software To Work With High-speed Modems Getting a high-speed modem is only half the battle. You will need   to get it to work with your communications program. Most            communications programs still come with settings configured for     standard 2400 bps modems.dem Champ instead of a 2400 bps modem with          V.42bis. The CompuCom Champ will probably give you much more for    your money (especially if you need to pay more than $100 for the    V.22bis/V.42bis modem).Beware of the AdsCurrent V.32 modems typically support MNP 2-5 and V.42/V.42bis.     However, there are still some earlier models of V.32 modems in  the market which 1. may not support any error control or data           compression protocol (Hayes Smartmodem 9600). 2. may support MNP    2-5        modem to work with your communications program. First, your high-   speed modem may not be supported by your software. Secondly, even   if your software supports your high-speed modem, the software may   not be set up properly.Finally, even if your software is set up properly, the settings     may not work all the times.The Proper Software Setup When we say that the software is set up   properly, we mean that 1. the modem is initialized properly by  the communications software, and 2. the settihigh-speed modem with proprietary modulation protocol and proprietary data compression protocol       (CompuCom Champ) An ad that says "USR modem, 38400 bps  throughput, V.42bis" does not tell us anything except that the modem is made by U.S. Robotics. It could be any one of the three    Courier modems. It could even be a Sportster 9600.When a modem is said to offer a 9600 bps speed (or throughput),  it may mean several things: 1. it is a V.32 modem 2. it is a high-     speed modem using proprietary monot support         V.42bis on their 2400 bps lines. Therefore, you won't be able to    make a connection with V.42bis if you call their 2400 bps modem     lines. Couldn't you call their 9600 bps lines? Well, not really.    Commercial online services, as well as many bulletin board          systems, typically do not allow you to call their high-speed  modem lines with a 2400 bps modem. You won't be able to make a            connection even if you try. You should seriously consider the       CompuCom SpeedMoSince all 2400 bps modems are Hayes-compatible, it is relatively    easy to set up the software. You simply install the software as  if you had a Hayes modem. The software usually will work  flawlessly.  And you don't really have to worry about things like the initialization string. Getting a high-speed modem to work  with your software is a different story. There is no longer a  Hayes     standard that everyone follows. Here are some of the reasons why you need to know how to configure your high-speedbut not V.42/V.42bis. 3. may support proprietary data           compression protocol (Microcom MNP-9). 4. may support V.42 but  not V.42bis (Prometheus).When a modem is said to offer a 38400 bps speed (or throughput),    it may mean that 1. it is a V.32 or V.32bis modem with V.42bis 2.   it is a V.32 modem with proprietary data compression protocol       (some Microcom modems) 3. it is a high-speed modem with             proprietary modulation protocol and V.42bis (U.S. Robotics  Courier HST) 4. it is a ngs of your software       match those of the modem What is the proper way to initialize a     high-speed modem? In general, your modem needs to be initialized    to:* Enable V.42bis Data Compression* Enable hardware flow control* Handle the DTR and CD signals properly (by adding &C1&D2 to the   modem  initialization string)We'll use the ATI 9600etc/e modem as an example for our             discussions below. The initialization string described here is  for the ATI modem only. Refer to your modem maoblems when hanging up the phone lines or produce an error message which says the modem is online    when it is not.Most communications software programs expect the modem to follow    DTR and expects CD to follow carrier. &C1&D2 set the parameters     for the modem to handle the DTR and CD signals as expected by  most communications programs.Therefore, the proper initialization string to use for the ATI      modem should be AT&F2&C1&D2.Does Your Software Initialize the Modem Properly?  Let's take ware flow control when they are turned on. This optimal         configuration enables the modem to automatically negotiate a        connection with either another V.32 modem supporting V.42bis or     MNP protocols (or even a standard modem). Interestingly enough,     not all high-speed modems are configured this way. The ATI 9600     etc/e modem, for example, is preset to use V.32 without error       control or data compression at power-on. (Why? Good question.) As   a result, your communications program ne. (Check your modem     manual to find out what they mean. Since you would most likely      need to read it sooner or later, you might as well get started      now.) L0 does not apply to the ATI modem. L0 normally is used to    set modem speaker volume to the lowest level. However, the ATI      9600etc/e modem does not respond to the L0 command. Unlike most     modems, the ATI modem has a slide volume control on the right  side for adjusting the volume level.The other two commands (W2 and S11=55) are notmodem to accept commands from your            communications program, it is also used by most modems to           determine when to disconnect a call.The factory default setting for DTR tells the modem to ignore       change in DTR (&D0), and the setting for CD forces CD always on     (&C0). These specific settings are required by some dedicated  dumb terminals in order to communicate with the modem. (Virtually  all   modems use &C0&D0 as the default setting.) However, these  settings will often cause prnual for the  equivalent  initialization string for your modem.The ATI modem is supported by two popular communications  programs: Qmodem and HyperAccess 5. Qmodem initializes the modem  and also    configures itself to use hardware flow control. HyperAccess 5 also initializes the modem properly, however it  does not configure itself to use hardware flow control.All modems come with default settings pre-configured from the       factory. Many V.32 high-speed modems are preset to use V.42bis  and harda     look at the initialization strings used by Qmodem and HyperAccess   5 for the ATI 9600etc/e modem. HyperAccess 5 use the following      initialization string AT&F2E1V1L0Q0W2X4&C1&D2S11=55This string is longer than the one we suggest. But does it do       more? Actually it doesn't. Many of the commands in the string are   redundant or not necessary. Only AT&F2&C1&D2 are crucial. Four of   the commands - E1, V1, Q0 and X4 - are redundant since they are     duplications of the factory default settingseds to issue the            appropriate initialization string (AT&F2) to set up the ATI modem   to use V.32 with V.42bis and hardware flow control.There is another change required. And it has to do with the         parameters controlling how the modem deals with two of the RS232    signals: DTR (Data Terminal Ready) and CD (Carrier Detect). CD is   a signal generated by the modem which is used to indicate its       connection status. DTR is a signal generated by your computer.  DTR is used to enable the  redundant, but  they are not necessary.W2 sets the modem to report Negotiation result codes in single      line format instead of the default three line format (W1). Three    line format:    Single line format: -----------------   ----------  -------- CARRIER 9600           CONNECT 9600/LAP-M PROTOCOL: LAP-   M CONNECT 38400S11=55 (default is 95) sets the modem to dial at a faster speed     than the factory setting.Despite the fact that its initialization string contains some       redundant comse hardware flow control since the modem is initialized with hardware flow control enabled.One would expect that when a software initializes the modem to  use hardware flow control, the software itself would also use  hardware flow control. But it is not always true. As we mentioned  earlier,  HyperAccess 5 initializes the modem with hardware flow  control     enabled, but expect you to change the flow control settings in each individual dialing entry.Why You May Need to Change the Initialization Stactually  replaces the old factory default setting (AT&F) of the ATI modem  with a new default configuration (AT&F2&C1&D2). When you first install Qmodem to work with an ATI 9600 etc/e modem, the program    sends the following two strings to the modem (make sure the modem   is connected to your PC and is turned on): AT&F2^M AT&C1&D2&W^MThe first string sets the modem as V.32 with V.42bis enabled,       hardware flow control enabled (among other things). Note that ^M    is equivalent to sending a Carriagnnection. It turned out that the       default setting (30 seconds) of the S7 register is not long  enough for the ATI modem to make a connection with the Hayes  Ultra 96     modem on the other end. Solution: To establish a connection to the Hayes BBS, I need to add "S7=60" to the modem     initialization string and also change the setting in the            communications software to wait 60 seconds for a connection.By initializing the modem with the string AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60, I was   able to connect with) to the modem whenever you load the program.Although the two programs use different techniques, the result is   the same. The modem is initialized as V.32/V.42bis with hardware    flow control enabled, which is normally the optimum setting. Does   Your Software Configure Itself to Match the Modem Settings?         Besides sending the right initialization string to the modem, the   communications software will also need to match the modem  setting. Specifically, the communications software should also  umands, HyperAccess 5 does properly initialize the  ATI modem. Although HyperAccess 5 will initialize the modem with  the   string every time you dial a remote system, the program does  not   change the factory default settings for the ATI modem (which  is    V.32 without error control or data compression). Every time  you    turn the modem off and back on, the modem will revert to its        factory defaults. Unlike HyperAccess 5 (and other communications    programs), Qmodem does it in a different way. It ring In general,    the string AT&F2&C1&D2 should work without any problem. But there   is no guarantee that it will always work. When it does not work,    you'll normally need to change the initialization string to solve   the problems.Here are a few reasons why the initialization string used by your   communications program may not work:1. The settings need adjustments to work with the system you are    calling.  Case 1: When I called the Hayes BBS, the modem would      abort and failed to make a coe Return to the modem.The second string changes the factory settings of the CD and DTR    (&C0&D0) and then write (&W) all the new active configuration       settings to the nonvolatile memory of the modem. The new settings   are now stored by the modem and become the new default              configuration when the modem is powered on (or when it received     the ATZ command). Thus, Qmodem simply sends the initialization      string "ATZ^M" (which resets the modem to its default state, now    AT&F2&C1&D2out any problem. (The default setting for the   S7 register is not universal, the Hayes Ultra and Practical         Peripheral use 50 seconds as the default value.) Note that there    is nothing special about the number 60. In my particular case,  any number larger than 45 will work.Case 2: When I call a system that uses the Telebit T1600 modems,  I cannot make a connection if the ATI modem is set to use V.42bis  or MNP-5. The ATI modem will only connect reliably when it is set  to  use MNP-4.Solutionnitialization string consists    of a series of commands (called the AT commands). They can be       divided into three groups: 1. A capital character followed by a     digit. For example, M1. 2. An ampersand & and a capital character   followed by a digit. For example, &M1. Note that M1 is different    from &M1. 3. Sr=n where "r" is the number of the register to be     changed and "n" is the new value that is being assigned. For        example, S7=60. There are some other characters that may also       appn: To use America Online, you need to   turn off error control on the modem. AT&F configures the ATI  modem as V.32 without error control.3. Your computer hardware may not work with the setting. As I       mention earlier, you need a properly wired cable for the Mac to     use hardware flow control. If you do not have the right cable or    if your Mac simply won't work with the cable, you will need to  use software flow control. (&K4 tells the ATI modem to use  software    flow control.) Solution: To usetranslate as a "carriage return."Let's assume that the appropriate initialization string to use is   AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60 (for the ATI modem). You'll need to replace this   string with the one provided by your communications software. If    your software does not support your modem, you can install the      program by telling it that you have a Hayes modem. After the        installation, you'll simply edit the initialization string with     the appropriate one. Please make sure you do not delete any ~ or    mpression with the string AT&F1&U0. Again, the initialization string used here is for the ATI modem    only. If you use a different modem, you would need to check with    the modem manual to find out the equivalent commands to use.Editing the Initialization StringIf the initialization string provided by your software does not     work (or if your software does not support your modem at all),      you'll need to edit the initialization string in your               communications program. The modem i: To connect successfully, I have to set up the modem as    V.32 with MNP-4 by sending the string AT&F1&U0 to the ATI modem.    (AT&F1 sets the ATI modem as V.32 with MNP-5, &U0 turns off data    compression.)2. Your communication software may not be compatible with the       setting.  For example, America Online implemented an error-         correcting scheme in the software (both the PC and the Mac          versions) which is not compatible with the modem's error            correction protocol. Solutioear in the modem initialization string. These characters         normally should not be changed. AT      tells the modem that  modem commands follow.Z       resets the modem to default state ~     makes your          software pause for half a second. You can use more than one ~ in  a         row. For example, ~~~~ tells the software to pause two      seconds.^M      sends the terminating Carriage Return character to the      modem. This is a control        code that most communication        software  the ATI modem in V.32/V.42bis mode with my Mac, I need to disable hardware flow      control and use XON/XOFF software flow control instead. The  string AT&F2&K4&C1&D2S7=60 sets up the modem properly (again,  S7=60 is    for calling the Hayes BBS). 4. You may need to change  the setting  to achieve better performance. It  is advisable that you turn off MNP-5 while downloading pre-compressed files from a    remote system that has a MNP-5 modem. You can initialize the ATI    modem to turn off MNP-5 data co^M. Here are some examples,1. To change the string provided by Procomm Plus ATE1 S7=60  S11=60 V1 X1 Q0 S0=0^MUse the string AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M2. To edit the string used by TelixATZ^M~~~AT S7=45 S0=0 V1 X4^Mchange it toATZ^M~~~AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M3. To replace the initialization string provided by ZTerm           (Macintosh) ATE1M1 V1^Muse the following stringAT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^MMatch Software Settings To the Modem Settings Besides using the right initialization string, you al Load Procomm,  press    Alt-S 2. Select Modem Options 3. Select General Options 4.  Press A 5. Type 60 and press ReturnTo enable hardware flow control: (Global) 1. Load Procomm, press    Alt-S 2. Select Terminal Options 3. Press D (hardware flow          control) 4. Press Space Bar to toggle, press Return to accept 5.    Press C (software flow control) 6. Press Space Bar to toggle,       press Return to accept TelixTo change the modem initialization string: (Global) 1. Press Alt-   O 2. Select Modem 19200 bps. For a V.22bis/V.42bis modem, set speed to 9600 bps.  For a V.22bis/MNP-5 modem, set speed to 4800 bps. Note: Your  computer  may not be fast enough to work reliably at 38400 or 57600 bps. Also, the communications programs you use may not        support speed higher than 19200 bps.Hardware flow controlNote that you will need to configure your software to use  hardware handshaking if the modem is initialized to use hardware  flow       control. Dialing Time-out ValueIndependent from yo       modem to work with your communications program. First, your high-   speed modem may not be supported by your software. Secondly, even   if your software supports your high-speed modem, the software may   not be set up properly.Finally, even if your software is set up properly, the settings     may not work all the times.The Proper Software Setup When we say that the software is set up   properly, we mean that 1. the modem is initialized properly by  the communications software, and 2. the settiis for the   ATI 9600etc/e modem. It is assumed that the appropriate             initialization string to use is AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60. Make sure you     save the changes you make.Procomm Plus 2.0To change the modem initialization string: (Global, i.e. it works   with every dialing entry) 1. Load Procomm, press Alt-S 2. Select    Modem Options 3. Select Modem Commands 4. Press A 5. Change the     initialization string to AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M To set the software  to wait 60 seconds for connection: (Global) 1.so need to     make sure that the settings in your communications program match    those of the modem.Speed settingIf you have a modem that supports data compression. You want to     make sure that the speed setting for the entries in your dialing    directory is the maximum throughput. Here are the general rules  of thumb: For a V.32bis/V.42bis modem, set speed to 38400 or  57600    bps (check your modem manual). For a V.32/V.42bis modem,  set speed to 38400 bps. For a V.32/MNP-5 modem, set speed to and dialing 3. Select A (Init String) 4. Change   the initialization string to ATZ^M~~~AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M To set  the software to wait 60 seconds for connection: (Global) 1. Press       Alt-Oike the initialization string. Getting a high-speed modem to work  with your software is a different story. There is no longer a  Hayes     standard that everyone follows. Here are some of the reasons why you need to know how to configure your high-speedur modem setting, your software may also  impose a limit on how long it will wait for a connection. If you           initialize the modem with the command S7=60, you'll need to  change the time-out value used by your software to 60 seconds              accordingly. Configuring Popular Communications Software to Work    with High-speed Modems Below are brief instructions for             configuring some popular communications programs to work with a     high-speed modem. The particular initialization string ‚Kےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے2. Select Modem and dialing3. Select K (Dial time) and enter 60 press Return To enable hardware flow control (Global) 1. Press Alt-O2. Select Terminal options3. Press J (XON/XOFF software flow control) 4. Select Off5. Select K (CTS/RTS hardware fSelect Custom and click on Settings 3. Change the initialization string to ^M~AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M 4. Click OKTo set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection: (Individual) 1. Pull down File menu and select Open a phone book  entry 2. Open the phone book entry 3. Pull down Setup menu and select Session 4. Click on More 5. Change the value in Allow xx  seconds   for the host to answer To enable hardware flow control: (Individual) 1. Pull down File menu and select Open a phone book  entry 2. Open titTo enable hardware flow control: (Global) 1. Press Alt-N2. Select Toggles3. Press Return to toggle XON/XOFF flow4. Select CTS/RTS flow5. Press Return to toggle6. ESC7. ESC8. Press E for Exit9. Save ChangesHyperAccess 5Note: HyperAccess 5 supports the ATI 9600etc/e. However, HyperAccess 5 does not let you edit the initialization string  directly.   You can add additional setup commands to change the modem settings for each individual dialing entry.To change the modem initializatiiable * mcmd from          Expression "'AT....'" 10. Change the initialization string in the  lower   right box to 'AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M' 11. Double-click on the second line that says Set Variable * mcmd from Expression "'AT....'" 12. Change the initialization string in the lower  right box to 'AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M' 13. Click OK 14. Press the Option key and choose the File menu 15. Select Save Modem Driver  (If you  want to save the driver under a new name, select Save Modem Driver As... in the File Menu. Nmsettings from the Main menu2. Select Modify3. Use cursor to select the system to modify and press Enter4. Select Hardware from theSystem settings menu5. Make sure that Data terminal ready signal is outputon DTR, delete RTS if it is listed6. Select Communications port7. Select Incoming hardware handshaking and type CTS8. Select Outgoing hardware handshaking and type RTSCrosstalk for WindowsTo change the modem initialization string: (Global) 1. Pull down  Setup    menu and select Modem... 2. low control) 6. Select On7. Press ESC to exitQmodemTo change the modem initialization string: (Global) 1. Press Alt-  N 2.    Press M to select Modem menu3. Select Modem Commands4. Press Return5. Change the initialization string to AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M To set  the      software to wait 60 seconds for connection: (Global) 1. Press Alt-N 2. Press M to select Modem menu and Press Return to select Communication Parameters 3. Press H to select Timeout delay 4. Type 60 and press Return 5. ESC to exhe phone book entry 3. Pull down Setup menu and select Device 4. Click on RTS/CTS and click OKMicroPhone II (for Macintosh)To change the modem initialization string: (Individual) 1. Choose          Settings Menu 2. Select Communications 3. Choose V.32 Standard  from the   Modem Driver list box 4. Click OK 5. Hold down the Command key and choose Scripts menu 6. Select Modify Script 7.  Click the  Modem Scripts button 8. Double-click on Modem_Init 9. Double-click on the first line that says Set Varon string: (Individual, i.e. it  works     only with the particular dialing entry)1. Select Define system settings from the Main menu2. Select Modify3. Use cursor to select the system to modify and press Enter4. Select Hardware from the System settings menu5. Select Modem6. Select Additional modem setup commands7. Type S7=608. Press ESC twice to go back the Main menu To set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection: N/ATo enable hardware flow control: (Individual)1. Select Define systeame the new driver, and  save it     into the Modem Folder.) To set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection: N/ATo enable hardware flow control: (Individual) 1. Pull down Settings Menu 2. Select Communications 3. Click on the Hardware  Handshake boxZTerm (for Macintosh)To change the modem initialization string: (Global) 1. Choose  Settings    Menu and select Modem 2. Change Init String to AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M To set the software to wait 60 seconds for  connection: (Global) 1. Choose SettingCall WaitingCall waiting service will disrupt modem sessions. If your telephone company supports the ability to disable call waiting,  use the   dial string ATDT*70, (make sure you add the comma ,) instead of ATDT. ATDT*70,123-4567Also, adding 1170 after the ATDP dial command can be used to  disable      call-waiting on some pulse-dialing phone systems. Check with your phone company to see if these features are supported.8-N-1 or 7-E-1 (data bits-parity-stop bits) In general, set the parameheir high-speed modem lines with 2400 bps modems. You would be disconnected. For example:EXEC-PC, the largest BBS in the United States, has the following           telephone numbers:#1: Standard 2400 bps modems    414-789-4210#2: US Robotics HST 9600 MNP5   414-789-4337#3: US Robotics HST 14400 & V.32/V.42bis/MNP5   414-789-4352#4: US Robotics V.32bis/V.42bis & HST   414-789-4360#5: CompuCom Speedmodem 9600 MNP5 modems        414-789-4450#6: Hayes 9600B V-series modems, NON-V.32       414-789-43m, you need to specify which serial port the modem  is        connected to. If you have an internal modem, you need to configure the modem and tell the software which COM port the  modem is     configured for. If you use a Macintosh, specify whether your modem is connected to the modem port or the printer port.File Transfer ProtocolsErrors that occur during file transfer are automatically detected  and     corrected by file transfer protocols. If a block of data is received incorrectly, the receivian also call #3 or #5 but you can only connect at 9600 bps. If you have a Hayes V-  series Smartmodem 9600 (or 9600B) modem, call #6.Dial String: ATDTYou don't have change the dialing string unless you use a PBX  system or   have call waiting service.  PBX If you have to dial the digit 9 to obtain an outside line, Use ATDT9, (the comma , instructs the modem to pause two seconds). This allows enough  time for    the dial tone to occur before the modem dials. You can use as many commas as you like.s Menu and select Modem 2. Edit Dial TimeoutTo enable hardware flow control: (Global) 1. Choose Settings Menu  and     Select Flow Control 2. Uncheck Xon-Xoff Receive 3. Uncheck Xon-Xoff Send 4. Check HW HandshakeOther Settings for Your Communications Software Telephone NumberOnline services use different phone numbers for different kinds  of        modems. To get the best throughput, make sure you dial the right phone number. Note that many bulletin board systems do not  allow    calling tters to 8-N-1. If you are calling a  commercial  online service (such as GEnie), you may need to set the parameters to 7-E-1.Half vs. Full Duplex: Local EchoThe only popular on-line service that uses half duplex is GEnie.           Terminal EmulationIf you are using an IBM compatible, choose IBM PC or ANSI. Otherwise, try VT102, VT100, VT52, TTY.Comm PortFor your computer to talk to your modem, you need to tell the  software    where to find the modem. If you use a PC with an external mode15If you have a 9600 bps HST modem, call #2. If you have a 14400  bps HST    modem, call #3 or #4. You can also call #2 but you won't be able to get the best throughput. If you have a V.32 modem,  call #3 or  #4. If you have a V.32bis modem, call #4. You can also call #3 but you won't get the best throughput. If you have a  CompuCom     SpeedModem Champ, call #5 If you have a CompuCom SpeedModem Storm, call #3 or #4 (V.32), #5 (CSP) If you have a  CompuCom   SpeedModem Star, call #4 (V.32bis), you cng system sends a message to the  sending system and requests the re-transmission. This process is automatic. When errors occur during file transfer, the communication program shows an error in the file transfer status  window.ASCIIThis is designed to work with ASCII text files only. Notice that  you do   not have to use this protocol when transferring text files. The ASCII protocol is useful for uploading a text file  when you    are composing e-mail online.XmodemXmodem is one of the most wid to            facilitate the exchange of data among very different types of  computers   (mainly minicomputers and mainframes). You probably will not need to use Kermit unless you are calling a minicomputer  or      mainframe at an educational institution.SealinkSealink is a variant of Xmodem. It was developed to overcome the           transmission delays caused by satellite relays or packet- switching networks.Which file transfer protocol should you use? In general, I recommend Zmodem. If Zth 1K (1024 byte) packets.  On some  systems and bulletin boards it may also be referred to as Ymodem. Some communication software programs, most notably Procomm Plus 1.x, also list Xmodem-1K as Ymodem. Procomm Plus 2.0  no      longer refers to Xmodem-1K as Ymodem.YmodemYmodem is essentially Xmodem 1K that allows multiple batch file  transfer. On some systems it is listed as Ymodem Batch. Ymodem-gYmodem-g is a variant of Ymodem. It is designed to be used with  modems    that support error contro---------------------------------------------      the-wave.txt429(334) 1508(95) 1527(94)  3261(44)  3296(43)dayrpt.arc 314(26) 758(11) 761(11)  1042(8) 1025(8)dayrpt.wks 415(47) 1252(15) 1244(15) 2314(8) 2337(8)sunset.arc 337(15) 771(6) 745(6)        987(5)  965(5)sunset.pic      399(41) 1337(12)        1297(12) 2594(6) 2588(6)           text109k.arc    343(86) 817(36) 814(36) 1089(27) 1064(27)text109k.txt    410(271) 1379(80)1351(82        2812(39) 2885(38)*****************************************vice you  are calling supports it. Zmodem has two significant features: it is extremely efficient and it provides crash recovery. Like Ymodem-g, Zmodem does not wait for positive acknowledgement after each block is sent, but rather sends blocks  in      rapid succession. If a Zmodem transfer is canceled or interrupted for any reason, the transfer can be resurrected later  and the previously transferred information need not be resent.KermitKermit was developed at Columbia University. It was designedely used file transfer protocols.  The        original Xmodem protocol uses 128-byte packets and a simple "checksum" method of error detection. A later enhancement, Xmodem-  CRC,   uses a more secure Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) method for error detection. Xmodem protocol always attempts to use CRC first. If the sender does not acknowledge the requests for CRC,  the       receiver shifts to the checksum mode and continues its request for transmission. Xmodem-1KXmodem 1K is essentially Xmodem CRC wimodem is not supported by the  system  you are calling, use Ymodem-g. (If you are connecting to a UNIX system in a university, you may have to use Kermit or Xmodem  to      transfer files.)Here are the test results obtained by downloading the files using  various file transfer protocols. The number before the parentheses is the transfer speed (in cps) and the number in the           parentheses is the time elapsed (in seconds).Protocol Xmodem Xmodem-1K Ymodem Ymodem-g Zmodem------------------------l. This protocol does not provide software error correction or recovery, but expects the modem to  provide   the service. It is a streaming protocol that sends and receives 1K packets in a continuous stream until instructed to  stop. It   does not wait for positive acknowledgement after each block is sent, but rather sends blocks in rapid succession. If  any block  is unsuccessfully transferred, the entire transfer is canceled.ZmodemThis is generally the best protocol to use if the electronic  ser****************************** Appendix A: ResourcesHere is a list of selected modem manufacturers. Manufacturer    Information     Tech Support    Support BBS-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATI Technologies (416) 756-0718 (416) 756-0711  (416) 756-4591 Cardinal    (800) 233-0187  (717) 293-3124  (717) 293-3074Compucom        (800) 228-6648  (408) 732-4500  (408) 738-4990 Hayes            (404) 441-1617  (404) 441-1617  (800) 874-2937 Image Comm.      The discussions in "The Joy of Telecomputing" are devoted to the  following    online activities: file transfer (downloading shareware, exchanging files with colleagues or friends), electronic mail, conferences (forums, newsgroups, SIGs), chatting. You won't find discussions on stock quotes, shopping  malls,     online databases, etc. Going online has become a way of life for many computer users. It is undeniably fascinating, fulfilling and fun. But there is also a down side to it: the cost  can be  p (800) 982-5151  (708) 982-5092Zoom            (800) 666-6191  (617) 423-1076  (617) 451-5284Support BBS for Communications Programs-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Procomm Plus (Datastorm Technologies, Inc.)     (314) 875-0523Telix (Exis Inc.)                       (416) 439-9399Qmodem (The Forbin Project, Inc.)       (319) 233-6157HyperAccess 5 (Hilgraeve Inc.)          (313) 243-5915Crosstalk for Windows (DCA)             (404) 740-8428MicroPhone right for    you. People live in different cities, use different kinds of computers and do different things online. It should come  as no   surprise that there isn't a single online system that is right for everyone. The goal of "The Joy of Telecomputing" is to  help you get the most from telecomputing. Our goal is not to tell you that so-and-so is the best but to present you with enough  information so that you will be able to determine what is right for you. We'll provide you a survey that is both cohen@cup.portal.comU.S. Mail:      Patrick ChenP.O. Box 5325Irvine, CA 92716************************************************************************ Appendix C: About "The Joy of Telecomputing" What is "The Joy of Telecomputing?""The Joy of Telecomputing" is a 200-page (and growing), three-  part       report consisting of the following articles: "What you need to know about modems,""Life beyond CompuServe" and "Is AT&T the  right     choice?" A glossary and an index are also provided. (201) 935-8880  (201) 935-8880  n/a Intel               (800) 538-3373  (503) 629-7000  (503) 645-6275 Microcom (800) 822-8224  (617) 551-1313  (617) 551-1655Multi-Tech      (800) 328-9717  (800) 328-9717  (612) 785-9875 Practical  Peripherals    (800) 442-4774  (818) 991-8200  (818) 706-2467 Prometheus       (800) 477-3473  (503) 624-0571  (503) 691-5199 Supra            (800) 727-8772  (503) 967-2440  (503) 967-2444 Telebit          (800) 835-3248  (800) 835-3248  n/a U.S. Robotics       (800) 342-5877 rohibitive. I have yet to meet an avid modem user who didn't wish that he could afford to be online longer. To get the  most     mileage from your online dollars, you need to know the answers to the following three questions: 1. What is the right  modem to   use? 2. What online services are available and how do they compare? 3. What is the most cost-effective way to reach  those       services? These are not isolated questions. The answers to these questions will help you decide what online systems are  II (Software Ventures)       (415) 849-1912ZTerm                                           n/a************************************************************************ Appendix B: How to reach the authorIf you have any comments or suggestions, I'll love to hear from  you. You  can reach me viaAmerica Online: Pat ChenCompuServe:     70754,3162DELPHI: POCFidoNet:        1:161/444.38GEnie:  p.chen2MCI Mail:       445-6669Internet:       445-6669@mcimail.com70754.3162@compuserve.compcmprehensive  and        specific.To be comprehensive, we'll cover the three main groups of online  systems: commercial online services (CompuServe and others), bulletin board systems and the Internet.To be specific, we'll present you all the necessary information  to help   you make a decision. Take electronic mail, for example. Virtually all online systems offer electronic mail service. However, listing dozens of services and saying that they all  offer e-mail would do little to help you make an i. But a book on the online world?) Therefore, I decide  to try  it on my own to see whether the online community would support such a project. The online world is constantly changing  and it    will remain one of the hottest growing area in microcomputing for many years to come. By keeping the project  under my    own control, I'll be able to provide you the information you need on a timely basis. "The Joy of Telecomputing" is an  ongoing      project. It will be updated every quarter. Future updates ofd reply messages offline? I use MCI  Mail,       CompuServe and the Internet for e-mail on a daily basis. Do I need all these accounts? Not really. Theoretically I only need  one of   them. (Yes, you can send e-mail from MCI Mail to a CompuServe or an Internet user, and vice versa.) Why do I have  three      accounts then? Because each has its pros and cons. And I use e-mail so much so that the three accounts combined offer me  the best  solution. (Note: CompuServe is a good deal for e-mail only if you ercial online services (America Online,  BIX,        CompuServe, DELPHI, GEnie, MCI Mail, Prodigy, etc). * BBS (including discussions on FidoNet, RIME, etc) * The Internet  (including   discussions on UUCP, Usenet, Bitnet, etc).Commercial Online ServicesIn general, commercial online services do not offer good price/performance, though some of them excel in certain areas  (such as    e-mail). We'll look at the major commercial online services (CompuServe, GEnie, Prodigy, etc.) and see what they  offn the past three months, I have signed contracts for two  computer   books to be published in 1992."The Joy of Telecomputing" is a project that I believe is sorely  needed.  Initially I have considered submitting it to the computer book publishers. However, I have learned that it can easily take  six to   nine months (if no longer) to get a book published. As a result, by the time the book gets to the readers, it is probably           obsolete. (It may not be too bad if this is a book on C programmingntelligent decision. We'll also provide specific details about each service  such as* How much does it cost?* How fast does a message get delivered?* Is the e-mail message protected? (Can someone else besides the           recipient read your mail messages?) * Can you send e-mail to  people that  are not subscribers of the service? * Can you send a file with your message? * Is there a limit on the size of the  file you    can send with your message? * How can you reach the service? * Can you read an "What you need to know about modems" will remain available on  BBS and  other online services. If there are enough supporters for this project, I would like to set up a BBS. (What else?) You will  be able to exchange informations, download files and participate in discussions about the ever evolving online world.What's in "Life Beyond CompuServe?"Part II of "The Joy of Telecomputing" provides a comprehensive  survey of  the online world. It covers the three major groups of online systems: * Commjoin the Basic Service Plan. To join this experimental program, type GO NEWBASIC at any ! prompt. For $7.95  per     month, you are allowed to send 60 messages. Each message can  have up to   7500 characters. Note that there is a surcharge for sending e-mail to MCI Mail users. Also, reading e-mail sent to  you from   Internet also count against your monthly allowance.) For the past eight years, I've worked as a computer consultant. I  decided to  pursue my career as a computer writer a few months ago. Ier and   what they are good for. Major topics covered are:* What are the major commercial online services?* How much do they cost?* How can you access those services?* What do they offer? How do they compare with each other?* How do they compare with BBS?The World of BBSIt is estimated that more than 30,000 bulletin boards exist in  the United States. If you live in a metropolitan area, you'll probably find hundreds of BBS that are local. Most BBS operate as  a hobby by their owners and with is UUCP? What is Usenet? What is Bitnet? * What can you do on the Internet  * How   to send e-mail on the Internet? * How to send e-mail from Internet to CompuServe, MCI Mail, Fidonet (and vice versa)? * How  to send binary files? * What newsgroups are available? * How to participate in a newsgroup? * Etiquette * What is FTP? * What is           Anonymous FTP? * How to use FTP? * What are the FTP sites available? * How to find the files you need? * What is telnet? *  What can you do with telnet? (Read ll cover the following topics:* How many BBS are there? How do they compare?* How much does it cost to become a member?* What are the limitations?* How to find BBS numbers?* Which BBS offers the latest and greatest files for PC users?  Macintosh  users? Amiga users? * Which BBS are good for chatting? Which are good for conferences? * What is Fidonet? How does it  work? What does it offer? * How to join Fidonet as a node? * How to become a point on Fidonet? * How to send e-mail from Fidonet  to     ng" provides detailed discussions on the various ways you can reach a remote system  (i.e., a    system which is not local to you). What is the most cost- effective way to reach those systems? There are generally two  options you have to reach a remote system: 1. You can place a distance call using AT&T, MCI, etc. 2. You can reach the system  via some  packet-switching networks by dialing a local number (the system you are calling may already have a deal with a packet-  switching   network and charge yo show him the Internet. (You  don't need to be a UNIX expert to use the Internet though. Besides, UNIX is not really that hard.)Internet is a global computer network linking hundreds of thousands of computers (mainly UNIX computers) at universities,  research  institutions and government agencies. Internet is unsurpassed for e-mail and conferences (called newsgroups in the  UNIX     world). It is also an invaluable resource for free software.  Some major   topics covered are: * What is Internet * Whatout charge to their users. There are many BBS that have members all over the United States (and  the        world). The world of BBS has become a phenomenon. BBS are no  longer       isolated systems. Fidonet, the network linking thousands of BBS around the world, allows users on one BBS to communicate  with      those on other BBS. Recently, with gateways to the UUCP network, many BBS has allowed their members to exchange e-mail  with users of the Internet and to participate in Usenet newsgroups.We'"The Cuckoo's Egg" by Cliff Stoll for a first-hand account on how a German hacker use telnet  to break into computers on Internet.) * How to use telnet? * How can you get an Internet account? * What services are available?  What kind of access level do they offer? * How much do they cost? * How to transfer files from a UNIX host to your personal computer? * What are uuencode and uudecode? * What are compress,  tar and  shar?What's in "Is AT&T The Right Choice?"Part III of "The Joy of Telecomputi   Internet (and from Internet to Fidonet)? * What is RIME? * What are the major BBS software available? * How to use BBS effectively? * What software tools you need and where to find  them? * BBS Etiquette * Why ZTerm is the best program to use for calling BBS? (For Macintosh users only) * What are MacBinary  files? How   to download a Macintosh file to a PC? How to download a PC file to a Macintosh? (For Mac users or people who use both  Mac and   PC.)InternetIf you want someone to learn UNIX,u accordingly, or you may subscribe to one of the packet-switching networks yourself).  However,     packet-switching networks differ widely in what they offer, how much they charge, and how well they perform. We'll  look at     some of the services available (PC Pursuit, Connect-USA, Accu*Link, Tymnet, REDI-Access, etc.).* How many ways can you reach a remote system? What are the pros  and      cons? * What are packet-switching networks? * How do they work? * What services are available? * What do tmore, F&A/IMB/TSD, Room 245, 580 Booth, 992-2832. You probably will not need to use Kermit unless you are calling a minicomputer  or      mainframe at an educational institution.SealinkSealink is a variant of Xmodem. It was developed to overcome the           transmission delays caused by satellite relays or packet- switching networks.Which file transfer protocol should you use? In general, I recommend Zmodem. If Zantee  period for a refund check. Shipping cost is not refundable.To order a printed copy of "The Joy of Telecomputing," send a  check or    money order to the following address:Patrick ChenP.O. Box 5325Irvine, CA 92716 (USA)"The Joy of Telecomputing".................$19.95 Shipping& Handling (see below)..... ..............$_____ Californiaresidents please add 7.75% tax ($1.55)...........$_____ Total.......$_____Note: Shipping to 48 continental states is $5.00. Alaska, Hawaii,  and   e what you eat, then my user is made  of diet coke,    chocolate bars and peanut butter.4) To be politically correct, we could say that some users are     computer challenged. Guess who does the challenging!!5) Keyboarding: The science of giving humans just enough input to  allow them to think they're part of the process.6) There will be a day of judgement. All humans will be paraded    before the Great Computer and required to account for their        actions. Then we shall see, then we shall see._______________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Comments/Suggestions:__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ -- Bob Fillhey offer? * What  kinds   of modems do they support? * What are the differences in performance among different packet-switching network? * How much  do they  cost? * Are packet-switching networks cost-effective?======================================================== == How to order "The Joy of Telecomputing"30-Day Money-Back Guarantee: If you are not satisfied with your  purchase  of "The Joy of Telecomputing," return it in resalable condition with all the original packaging within the guar‚CےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےA Computer's Perspectiveby Ron Mitchell1) If computing is to establish the value of an unknown quantity   using some sort of mathematical process, what are we really doing  here?2) I questioned my user's sanity and got no answer.3) If you ar  Canada is $10.00. Other countries, please send e-mail before  ordering.    Please allow 2-4 weeks for delivery.There is no need to fill out the order form if you are sending a  check    with your name and address printed on it. Non U.S. residents: please send checks or money orders drawn on U.S. Banks  in U.S. Funds.Name:   Phone:_____________________________ ______________________________Company:____________________________________________________________Address:____________________________7) My user displays flashes of occasional brilliance punctuated    by long periods comatose rigor mortis.8) If  new  ideas are the currency of human progress, we may  have a problem.9) What humans buy has less to do with what they need than with    what they're sold.10) Programs, programs, get your programs! Never before has such   a useless mass of spaghetti been made available for the benefit    of mankind.11) You tell me repeatedly that without you I'm nothing. I say to  you, without me wh    through the process of contacting an     RCP/M.                And even tells you what one is. The                 InfoCentre is just such a BBS. Note that                some of the material in this one is                 definately dated. It talkes about        squeezed                files, and those are seldom used any     more,                 although you might find the odd one.     Still                there is plenty of information in this                 article that is still valid.Gpresented state-of-the-art design in its      time. Of course we've now gone on to better things.15) Doing more with less. The ultimate computer program runs       infinitely fast, occupies no memory and does everything. ever, I have learned that it can easily take  six to   nine months (if no longer) to get a book published. As a result, by the time the book gets to the readers, it is probably           obsolete. (It may not be too bad if this is a book on C programmingY.TXT     A February 1987 article courtesy of Ian                 Cottrell's InfoCentre. The piece is      written                by Bill Blazer and deals with Libraries                 under CP/M. Everything you wanted to     know                but were afraid to ask.LUNCH.TXT       Another from the local RCP/M.            Reflections                Over Lunch by James F. Taylor. One man's                experience of trying to explain CP/M to                a non-believing world.MODGUIDE.TXT‚9ےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےREADME.2NDThe ADAM News Network - October diskContents... Side 2CPM-CC03.TXT    The third article of the CP/M Connection                series downloaded from Ian Cottrell's                InfoCentre BBS here in Ottawa. Walks you            at would you do with your evenings?12) Slowly he turned. His countenance bore a devilish tinge        bordering on insanity. His laughter was that of a madman. Slowly,  cautiously, he approached me, brandishing the firetongs with fiendishly evil glee. One swift swipe and.......        (proves once again that mosquitoes move faster, but  the computer  screen was a bit of a mess.)13) Das hackenmeister mit das modemsender und das computenwehrfer  ist zoomen uber das infoautobahn. 14) The human body reOGODOS.TXT     There's the odd ADAMite who has taken    more                that a passing look at GODOS, and I'd    like                to hear more from you. I've jumped on    the                bandwagon with an introductory article   that                probably tells you things you already    know.                It seemed like a good place to start.HELPME.TXT      Has this ever happened to you? Have you                 tried to teach someeone else about TDOS?                Read on.LIBRAR. But a book on the online world?) Therefore, I decide  to try  it on my own to see whether the online community would support such a project. The online world is constantly changing  and it    will remain one of the hottest growing area in microcomputing for many years to come. By keeping the project  under my    own control, I'll be able to provide you the information you need on a timely basis. "The Joy of Telecomputing" is an  ongoing      project. It will be updated every quarter. Future updates of    Written December 25, 1991, by Patrick    Chen.                What you Need to Know About Modems. This is                the first of a three part series, and    the                other two parts have somehow             disappeared.                We'll locate them and follow up - sooner                or later. The length of this piece is    such                that it might well be the three parts                 contained in one file. It appears to     have                been originally puormation,and supplies for your ADAM include (inrandom order):  R+R Software  PO Box 2081  Hanover MA 02339  Phone: (617) 878-4365  FAX:   (617) 871-9068  Maine ADAM LibraryShown 26%, press <SPACE> for more, 'q' to quit, or 'h' for help  PO Box 85  Grover Rd  Waterford ME 04088  Phone: (207) 583-2338  ADAM'S HOUSE  Rt 2, Box 2756  Pearland TX 77581 .  Phone: (713) 482-5040  Herman Mason/George Koczwara  8912 Blaine Ave  Cleveland OH 44106  There are a lot of numbers for Hen to     have                around for your AUG.or this project, I would like to set up a BBS. (What else?) You will  be able to exchange informations, download files and participate in discussions about the ever evolving online world.What's in "Life Beyond CompuServe?"Part II of "The Joy of Telecomputing" provides a comprehensive  survey of  the online world. It covers the three major groups of online systems: * Commho stock many items:  ADAMLINK OF UTAH  2337 South 600 East  Salt Lake City UT 84105Shown 60%, press <SPACE> for more, 'q' to quit, or 'h' for help  Phone: (801) 484-5114  Um, there are others, including somewho have changed addresses, which arenot at my fingertips at the moment.  There are many users' groups, and youshould probably join at least one ofthem, depending on your location and/ormain interest.  I will save those foranother message.  But I should mentionthe ADAM NEWS NETWORK, wh‚JےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےHere is a pretty good list of  suppliers compiled by Pat Herrington.  She gave me premission to list it here.  Sorry for the wierd formatting.      ----------------------------------  Some of the current suppliers who canhelp you with components, infblished as a booklet,                 complete with appendices. Good info and                 worth reading.PSPCT-OCT       If a human could think like a computer,  is                this what a human would think? My        pleasure                and I hope  yours.SUPPLIER.LST    Provided by Dale Wick via Internet. This                is Patricia Herrington's latest          compilation                of ADAM suppliers. Needs formatting.     Fill                your boots. It's good informatiormanand George!  All the following numbers have thesame area code, which is 216:  Herman, days: 851-3347Shown 41%, press <SPACE> for more, 'q' to quit, or 'h' for help  Herman, eves: 231-8813  Trading Post BBS: 791-4022  George: 883-6668  ADAM EXCHANGE BBS: 883-4335  In Canada, try:  Richard Clee  21 Rondale Blvd  Toronto, Ontario  CANADA M6A 1H6  Phone: (416) 783-0316  The following information is aboutpeople we haven't heard from in sometime who have in the past been reliableand wercial online services (America Online,  BIX,        CompuServe, DELPHI, GEnie, MCI Mail, Prodigy, etc). * BBS (including discussions on FidoNet, RIME, etc) * The Internet  (including   discussions on UUCP, Usenet, Bitnet, etc).Commercial Online ServicesIn general, commercial online services do not offer good price/performance, though some of them excel in certain areas  (such as    e-mail). We'll look at the major commercial online services (CompuServe, GEnie, Prodigy, etc.) and see what they  offich gathersinformation from most other sources,and is mailed on disk or datapack everymonth.  There are also facilities whichspecialize in repair and hardwareupgrades.  Check out also the ADAM BBS list in amessage from Bart Lynch which is now acouple of weeks old, but will remainindefinitely.Shown 88%, press <SPACE> for more, 'q' to quit, or 'h' for help  And most of all, do not forget to askHERE for any specific item you may wishto acquire.  I have not listed everyspecialty software and hardare others, including somewho have changed addresses, which arenot at my fingertips at the moment.  There are many users' groups, and youshould probably join at least one ofthem, depending on your location and/ormain interest.  I will save those foranother message.  But I should mentionthe ADAM NEWS NETWORK, which gathersinformation from most other sources,and is mailed on disk or datapack everymonth.here are a lot of numbers for Hermanand George!  All the following numbers have thesame area ‚Jemission to list it here.  Sorry for the wierd formatting.      ----------------------------------  Some of the current suppliers who canhelp you with components, informHere is a pretty good list of  suppliers compiled by Pat Herrington.  She gave me permission to list it here.  Sorry for the wierd formatting.      ----------------------------------  Some of the current suppliers who canhelp you with components, infههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههcode, which is 216:  Herman, days: 851-3347  Herman, eves: 235-8813  Trading Post BBS: 791-4022  George: 883-6668  ADAM EXCHANGE BBS: 883-4375   In Canada, try:  Richard Clee  21 Rondale Blvd  Toronto, Ontarmo  CANADA M6A 1H2   Phone> (416) 783-0316   The following information is aboutpeotle we haven't heard from in sometime who have in the past been reliableand who stock many items:   ADAMLINK OF UTAH  2337 South 600 East  Salt Lake City UT 84105  Phone: (801) 484-5114   Um, there ware source,but only the full-line vendors.  Let us know what else you may need.------        Thanks for the list Pat.                        Dalend I hope  yours.SUPPLIER.LST    Provided by Dale Wick via Internet. This                is Patricia Herrington's latest          compilation                of ADAM suppliers. Needs formatting.     Fill                your boots. It's good informatioههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههormation,and supplies for your ADAM include (inrandom order):  R+R Software  PO Box 2081  Hanover MA 02339   Phone: (617) 878-4365  FAX:   (617) 871-9068    Maine ADAM Library  PO Box 85  Grover Rd  Waterford ME 04088   Phone: (207) 583-2338   ADAM'S HOUSE  Rt 2, Box 2756  Pearland TX 77581 .  Phone: (713) 482-5040   Herman Mason/George Koczwara  8912 Blaine Ave  Cleveland OH 44106   There are a lot of numbers for Hermanand George!  All the following numbers have thesame area 