нEнCfГзь       Initializing Media      can imbed     print codes in a SpeedyWrite document to change the print font,    but it is much easier to use the (CTR) / for double wide.  When    booting SpeedyWrite, I type in the code for double wide when it    asks for italics.  If you have a different favorite, just input    the code for that instead.Catalog filesI have been searching for years to come up with a good way to      print out the catalogs from disks and tapes.  I have seen the      double and triple column programs, but you can't ediFIRST DIR  ЃUЄя BOOT       ђDIRECTORY  Ш463SWTIPH BASETERMH DALEH     ЂDIVIDINGH HIST-EDH  HISTORYH  "ЂHITCHIKRH 3MODS-TCHH MЂNEILH     SЂREADME1STHYREPAIRH   \TCJ-001H  iWINDOWH   ЃBLOCKS LEFT„BLOCKS LEFT„d new    volumes at any time and print out all or any portion for labels    or pages to keep in a book.  I can keep my file books up-to-date   without patching or scribbling.#·К®|~ю#В®|60Нњ)ВЛ|+~·ИНКИ||·ВИ|}·ВЫ|Ї<Й*7#Н™B*;"|·КЫ|.яxE·ЙН6*U#л!"U#НF5л"U#Н2!ЩН[-В}!v"Н%}!иН[-В}!†"Н%}х!L:?#ѕТ }~НМ1сЙНЏ/КS}~·КS}лGo&НїНуO~Н4#В>}КY}> Н4Г2}!чНo.НН/ЇЙЕеGе*#|µбВv}ХЌЭ#pСxбБЙНЯ|ВЏ}!ЩН[-ВЏ}!Н[-!$ Нj-Н|КlxюКШ‚CяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяя SpeedyWrite Tips FROM DEAN ROADES OF 463 AUG.Special PrintingMost of my word processing is preparing newsletters, labels,       list, etc.  I seldom use italics and often need double wide        printing for titles, headlines, an such.  I know you t these.  A    very simple solution has been in front of my face for quite some   time but I didn't see it until now.SpeedyWrite has the capability to capture anything on the screen   to the current workspace.  All you have to do is:  1) Catalog the  disk or tape.  2) Press - shift + SmartKey IV.  3) Press escape.   Now your catalog is in the workspace and can be edited, printed,   stored, etc.  I have been capturing similar catalogs into one      file; 'PD Clips', 'PaintFORMS', 'N&B issue vol'.  I can ad‚DяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяFROM THE ADAM SURVIVAL GUIDE anEXPLANATION OF SOME BASIC ADAM & COMPUTER TERMS BY RICHARD CLEE. The ADAM is an 8-bit, 64K, CP/M computer.  Bingo!  Three           bafflegab zingers in an eight-word sentence.  So what are they  all about? Let's go wiom the Colecovision video game that was his immediate     ancestor, and referred to in ADAM literature as his Elementary      Operating System or EOS.  This is built in as firmware (tell you    about that later) at the factory but is pretty crude.  If you buy   a disc drive you get a disc manager with it, with software (think   of it as a programme) that extends the abilities of the operating   system slightly but is still labelled EOS.  If you like you can     interpret that as standing for Extended Operatiliar numbers, each bit can also be  expressed   as a 0 or 1, which since it gives either of two options  is         described as a binary system.  Each of these units of eight  bits   is called a byte.  In case anyone cares, half a byte is a  nibble.  Please, don't ask. It follows that because ADAMs brain can only handle 8 bits (or     one byte) at a time, it is an 8-bit computer.  It also follows      that he can only direct his attention to a miaximum of 65536        different addresses, because that's each computer    maker managed to foul up the universal interchangability CP/M was   intended to offer by demanding their own version with special       additions that meant it took an expert hacker to adapt any given    programme from one computer to another.  Still, it can be done. Obviously, if EOS does a lot, E(xtended)OS does a tad more, and    CP/M really soups things up, the better the operating system the    better ADAM will perform.  So, Sol Swift of Digital Express (now    the Software Factory)36 is the biggest number ADAM    can keep in his brain (or CPU) in one operation cycle, the  biggest memory he can use is one with 65536 addresses, and his  maximum     addressable memory is 64K.  Hence, ADAM is a 64K computer. It's one thing to have the ability to take bytes and manipulate    them, but it's another thing to know how to do it.  The device      that tells ADAM how to respond to instructions is his operating     system.  ADAM has a crude, unique operating system of his own,      derived frth 8-bit first. 8-bit means that ADAMs brain, the central processing unit or  CPU, does its thinking by moving units of eight bits at a time.   A bit  is a simple signal - on/off, yes/no, or however you want to  put    it.  Since each one of these signals can be on or off, yes or  no,  in any given bit at any given time, in any combination with  the    other bits, that means that there are two to the sixteenth  power   possible combinations, in more familiar numbers 65536.   While      we're with more faming System, but  it's still pretty crude.  So if you want to make ADAM more  powerful you can buy, as software, a more powerful operating system that was actually designed to give many different  computers a common ability to handle programmes, called the Control Programme for Microcomputers, or CP/M.  In theory, any      computer capable of running under CP/M should be capable of         running any CP/M programme.  In fact, there are many versions of    CP/M; the one ADAM uses is CP/M 2.2.  Furthermore, all the different  combinations of bits he can handle at one time. Let's digress for a minute here.  Usually we count in powers of    ten - 10, 100, 1000, etc.  But in binary as you move to the next    column you do it in powers of two - 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.  Two to the   tenth is 1024, and since it's so near the decimal 1000 it's         honoured with the prefix kilo-, hence kilobyte means 1024 bytes.    This is generally abbreviated as K.  Thus 64K is 64 kilobytes is    64 x 1024 = 65536 bytes.  Since 655 boosted ADAMs abilities, especially in the    handling of graphics, by developing GoDOS, while Tony Morehen  (Guy Cousineau also has a hand in it) went for sheer power in  writing   TDOS, which is not CP/M with a high-boost turbocharger  but gives   the same effect. Whatever operating system may be running ADAM - EOS, CP/M,  GoDOS, TDOS or whatever, it is of little use for ADAM to know how  to      respond to instructions if he does not have a list of  instructions telling him what to do, when, and in wh  When ADAM is      taking his instructions from CP/M he can learn to follow commands   from all sorts of languages such as COBOL, PILOT, c, PASCAL,        EBASIC and many more, but the only language other than SmartBASIC   ADAM reads under his own EOS is SmartLogo. Thus when you boot up ADAM at first, by turning on the power or    using the reset button, you have an operating system in place -     ADAM's own EOS.  If you like, you can then load in SmartBASIC  from the tape you got with your ADAM.  When yon a chip, it's called firmware -  a solid piece of gussied-up silicon doing the job of magnetized       metallic particles on a tape or disc. These chips used for firmware are generally Erasable  Programmable Read Only Memory chips, or EPROMs.  If they are intended to be permanent (non-erasable) they are PROMs or more      usually abbreviated to ROMs.  Little ROMs infest various corners    of ADAM, doing things like making the disc drives behave and        similar chores. So far we've covered the termmake certain combinations of pixels -  shapes - appear on the monitor screen.  You would describe this a  letters appearing on your TV.  It also tells him to do nothing  else unless he gets the signal generated by your tapping the return key (other computers call it "enter").  Furthermore, there   is another sequence that says that if what you typed starts with  a number, he's to simply store it in an unused part of his memory     until he receives a combination produced by your typing "r-u-n-     (enter)"ands? One way is to use the Beginners All-purpose       Symbolic Instruction Code, abbreviated as (did you guess?) BASIC.   A dialect of BASIC comes with the ADAM, called SmartBASIC.  There   is also a generic basic all computers with an EOS like ADAM's  will respond to; it is generally referred to as generic BASIC and  is    much simpler and less effective than SmartBASIC.  If you have  the  brains of a Sol Swift you can write a BASIC that's much more        powerful than SmartBASIC; his is called GoBASIC.ich sequence.  This series of instructions is called a programme and    may take many forms.  It may be executed in the immediate mode -    which means you type in the directions one at a time, hit the       enter key, and ADAM executes the instruction.  Or you can put a     whole lot in a package and tell ADAM to run each instruction in     sequence.  If it's essentially text recorded on a tape or disc,     it's called software.  If, like Smartwriter or one of the           cartridge games, it's recorded ou do this, some 23K  -     around 24000 - bytes of information are loaded into ADAM's  memory. Some of these instructions are purely internal, telling ADAM  when he receives a certain signal to go look in a certain place,  where  he will be directed to another place in memory.  Some,  though,     work in response to user input, which is a short way of  describing your pressing a button.  For instance, somewhere in that 24000 bytes is a group that tells ADAM that when you type      something in he is to s 8-bit, 64K, CP/M, operating         systems in general, and ROM.  But what's a language, and why do I   have this idiosyncrasy of always capitalizing BASIC? We've seen how ADAM can respond to 65536 different numbers, and    how an operating systems tells him what to do when he sees each     one of them.  But we humans don't talk to each others in words      like 10011001 00011011 10100010.  We say do this, do that, if so    then thus, and so on.  How do we translate this into something      ADAM underst, at which time he will take all the numbered  instructions in his memory and execute them in the sequence of the line numbers.  This is supposed to happen when you or I write   a program, and actually does so when, say, Syd Carter writes it. So - if you write lines without a number (e.g.  2 x 3) ADAM will   execute this programme as soon as you touch the return key,         displaying the number 6.  This is known as working in the           immediate mode.  However, if you write your line as "l0 2 x 3  ut the same relationship as a    used Escort to an Airstream motorhome.  Whether this is good or     bad depends on whether you want to do the equivalent of running     down to Loblaws on a February morning or set off to take your own   home to Arizona for the winter, and how you feel about original     costs, supplies and maintenance charges. As mentioned earlier, ADAM is a serious business computer.  His    immediate competitors are, or were, the "true" CP/M computers  such as the Osborne I, Kaypro, andhat the        particular sequence of key presses recorded in that line  translate into a much larger sequence of binary numbers, the language ADAM understands, and that ADAM is to do as he has just    been told then return for the next command sequence.  Thus the      command that you typed in as "go to" may come out of the            interpreter as a string of binary bytes as long as your arm. It is also possible to write a programme in BASIC, run it  through the interpreter, and save the result, whichP/M 1.0 was written.     Their major competitor, Motorola, made a comparable chip though     with a subtly different instruction set with a catalogue number     6800.  It can be made to perform under CP/M but isn't truly happy   doing so. At this point, the story I have heard goes, a group of Intel       designers decided the 8080 chip wasn't the best that it could be,   and took their ideas to management, where they were greeted with  a less then satisfactory level of enthusiasm.  So the dissatisfied enings internally in ADAM.     In fact, this is only a very rough approximation of what really     does happen as the electrons chase around in there, but if you      think of things as happening in these terms, when some of the       others who know about computers start explaining things to you,  it should enable you to follow the drift. Now that we have some idea of what ADAM is - 8-bit, 64K, CP/M -    where does that leave him in the heirarchy of current computers?    An analagous answer might be in abo     (enter)" ADAM will not do anything until you type "run (enter)".    This is the usual way to run a programme, though it will usually    have a few more lines of instructions to it. What's going on inside ADAM's CPU while you are carrying on this   way? When you trigger a response (enter, or run command) BASIC      tells ADAM to take the line in memory and refer it to a part of     BASIC hidden somewhere in that 24000 bytes known as the             interpreter.  The interpreter will then inform ADAM t TI-99A, and other 8-bits such  as     Apple and Atari offered, and the Commodore C-64.  Of course  there  were many others as well, from the IBM PC jr.  to some  Radio       Shack/ Tandy models. Why make the distinction? Because two companies made two sets of   CPUs which they sold to the various computer makers.  Intel         started off with a chip they catalogued under the number 8080       used, if I recall correctly, in the IBM PC jr.  It was for the      instruction set built into this chip that C then can later be fed into ADAM and executed much more quickly.  This is     roughly - not exactly - what we mean when we say a program has      been written in(to) machine language.  This can also mean the       programme takes up less space on a datapack or disc, and is why     the club's public domain programme library is stored in this  mode.  That is also why, when you run a club public domain programme, you have to use the command "brun" instead of "run" -    it triggers a different way of doing thgineers went out a formed their own company to  make the upgraded chip.  They called the company Zilog and  catalogued   the chip as the Z-80.  While this chip had the same instruction set as the Intel 8080, it also had the upgrading        additions.  It was a speeded-up model of this chip - the Z-80A -    that Coleco bought to put in the ADAM; it is also the one best      adapted to the later versions of CP/M such as ADAM's CP/M 2.2.      Apple, Commodore and Atari, among others, opted for the Motorola  ducing the 80486 chip and     have the 80586 in the testing stage.  If we're going to continue    our automotive analogy, these would have to be in the Class 18      truck league - or space shuttles, maybe? Motorola of course haven't stood still, and have their 68000,      68020 and 68030 chips and their loyal customers Apple and           Commodore using them, which is where all those high-powered         Macintoshes and Amigas come from. Meanwhile, other minicomputer makers have appeared on the scene,increased the capabilities of their 8080 design,  producing  the 8088 and 8086 chips with a capability of handling  two bytes    simultaneously in some areas, and thus directly addressing some 640K of memory directly.  This allowed them to      manage far bigger programmes and work on much bigger chunks of      information than ADAM can.  These are the chips found in the IBM    XT and its clones.  They were also so clever they could make use    of a more advanced operating system than CP/M.  Written by    33 mhz, and able to address        memory in the multi-magabyte range. What does this all add up to? The hope is that when your           neighbour or buddy finds out you have a computer, and starts        talking about his '286 AT clone turbo'ed to 16 mhz, you'll have     some idea of what he is talking about.  These terms, which tend  to float around any computer group pretty freely, are really no  more  than brand names and standards of performance - like saying  you    own a Pontiac 6000 with a 2.8 li keep four bytes going through          together and produced a 32-bit chip which they called the 80386.    It is used in the IBM PS/2 series of computers, which you might     compare to the Lincoln level. Notice how in all of these examples the prototype for the class    seems to come from IBM.  That's why, in computer circles, it is  so common to refer to IBM as "Big Blue" that IBM is now trying to      make "Big Blue" a trademark, the way "Coke" is for Coca-Cola. Intel are now in the process of intro  6800 series chips, reputedly not as good in CP/M (if better for     other things). I mentioned the Z-80A was a speeded-up chip.  The operations of    all computers are governed by an internal clock which keeps         everything in snychronization.  The Z-80 could accept a clock       speed of 2.5 million cycles per second (2.5 megahertz, or mhz).     The Z-80A runs at around 4 mhz.  There's a Z-80B that is even       faster.   Intel didn't take the Zilog competition lying down.  They  speeded up and    some feeling they could build better machines around the Intel      chips than IBM chose to.  Some attacked IBM mostly on price -  Dell and AST are examples.  Compaq tried the high-performance  route.    If IBM chose to drive their AT at 12 mhz, Compaq would  boost       theirs to 16 mhz - a really tremendous edge when doing a            spreadsheet to manage a larger business with, or handling a         massive database.  The current Lamborghini among computers          involves an 80386 chip driven at       Microsoft, this operating system is called MS-DOS and simply        indicates MicroSoft Disc Operating System.  If ADAM is in the       Escort league among computers, the XT might be a Tempo. Intel's next step was to build a chip that could handle all its    throughput two bytes at a time - a 16-bit computer.  They  numbered this the 80286 and IBM built their AT around it.  It was, of course, also used in all the IBM competitors and clones.    Call it the Taurus level. Next Intel found out how totre engine, vintage 1988 with       certain options.  You may find the ads printed in computer          magazines instead of in colour on TV, but the basic principle is    the same. And yes, computers come with options too.  Many of use have disc   drives.  The original ADAM disc drive used only one side of the     disc, which would hold 160K of data.  It can be converted to a      double-sided drive, taking its capacity to 320K, still using the    original 5.25" discs.  It can also have its innards repla of it that way.  And if this material helps you     make more sense out of meeting chatter, and the stuff you read in   magazines and newspapers, that's the object.  If we find it  really helps, maybe some day we'll even try it again. - Rich Cleebuy   a disc drive you get a disc manager with it, with software (think   of it as a programme) that extends the abilities of the operating   system slightly but is still labelled EOS.  If you like you can     interpret that as standing for Extended Operatn't like the rather crude picture on your TV screen,  see Gary Bowser.  He has worked out a device to make it much  better.   It will let you use a mouse, too (which is sort of like  an         upside-down Roller Controller, also called trackball).  Screen      quality is measured in the number of pixels displayed; to get       around 640 horizontally by 400 vertically on an AT clone would      cost about $1700 for the adapter card and special monitor.  Be      glad your ADAM uses a regular TV. If you're        presentation" (myself, I wanted a set of 12 Virtual Reality         goggles, and Power Gloves for everyone for my Advanced Basic        tutorial <Very Big Grin>).What exactly did you have for your presentation? 7 Adams with 64k   or larger RAM expanders, Colour monitors, disk drives galore, and   a large TV for the presenter? That doesn't sound impossible.  I     had only half of the equipment set up at AdamCon06 for my MiniCon   held back in May, but then there were only 25 people (including     planation of some of the funny       words used in another article.  Considering the writer, take it  as certain that the accuracy of none of the information is             guaranteed, and in fact in the interests of simplification  several things have been said that are partially or completely  wrong.      Think of it as like electricity class, where they know  electricity runs from minus to plus but always talk about it as going the other way because it usually doesn't matter and it's      easier to thinkced by a   set using the new 3.5" discs, in which case it will swallow 720K. The next step is to add a hard disc - the original ADAM discs  are called floppies.  You can't take hard discs in and out and  switch  them around like floppies; they come permanently sealed in  their   casings.  But while the most popular size for ADAM use will  store  20 megabytes of data (20 million bytes), others up to 85  megabytes of storage capacity can be managed.  Hard discs are expensive but very efficient. If you do‚DяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяя#:  28690 S9/ADAMania 28-Oct-94 21:32:45Sb:  #28510-AdamCon07Fm:  Dale Wick 76545,2566To:  Sysop/*PJ (ADAM) 76537,1271Well Pat, I guess I'll tell you what I was told about AdamCon05.    That was "I'll supply you with anything you require for your going to transmit computer stuff by phone you need a     signal modulator/demodulator, abbreviated as modem.  Speed is       measured in baud, which does not mean bits per second but is  close enough to it you needen't fuss about the difference.  The  original ADAM modem runs at 300 baud, but Syd Carter can make one  four or   eight times faster for a price.  If you don't buy one and  use it,  all our BBS (Bulletin Board System) sysops (system operators) will be very hurt. This started out as a short expresenters) there.  I hope to amass some good labs of Adams for     the coming Con.  I felt the hands-on technique was a great boon  to the effectiveness of the presentations.For my presentation I had only tape drives in the Adams in my  lab, but it was setup classroom style with 9 computers, and room  for 8  pairs of learners and one system at the front with a big  screen    for me as presenter.  It would have been a disaster, if it  weren't for the fact that I made tapes in "your room" (the Graphics Suimy      from translating my rough notes into nice handouts, so I ended up   only getting the first three pages (of 7) re-written for  handouts.  Maybe next time I'll be a prepared as Rich Drushel always is, his handouts are always complete and stand on their      own.  My handout was a "crib sheet", which requires attendance at   my session to understand.  I actually would have liked to have  had a video tape of my session, but I couldn't carry a camera and  all  of that other equipment, so I guess I'll has Poulin pointed out that all  of Tom's  lesson would be clearer if everyone could try the editor.  So I decided that I would get a disk from Tom, and I       duplicated 8 or so tapes for his presentation.  I'm told that it    was much better after that -- hands-on really drives the concepts   home.In fact, I feel that my Machine Language made Easy was  undoubtedly my best attempt at teaching people machine language.   I've never   had a chance before to get a group of people familiar  enough with  the tich sequence.  This series of instructions is called a programme and    may take many forms.  It may be executed in the immediate mode -    which means you type in the directions one at a time, hit the       enter key, and ADAM executes the instruction.  Or you can put a     whole lot in a package and tell ADAM to run each instruction in     sequence.  If it's essentially text recorded on a tape or disc,     it's called software.  If, like Smartwriter or one of the           cartridge games, it's recorded he workings of the Hello World program, and we  wrote a   countdown program which counted from 100 to 1), we still  weren't   done, but I never got a chance to resume the rest of my  lesson.    Even then I've never had such an enthuastic response ...   everyone there made sure that they got a copy of the MACADAM, docs and sample program that they wrote, so that they could play    with it a little bit more.  The only thing that I really lacked     were good handouts.  Unfortunately my FAX program prevented te connected to your room) the night before.   Luckily, Bob Blair's club had made lots of blank tapes, and he  had sent me  a letter describing the tape only situation, so I was  expecting to have to make tapes.Now Tom Keene was in the Dolphin room, with 13 Adams (on at the     front, the rest in classroom style with desks etc.), and he  wasn't prepared for the fact that everyone (except the machine at  the     front) would have only tape drives.  On the break for his  "Learing the VDE editor part I" Jameve to just try and  get  the next AdamCon sessions taped. Dale (poster of messages that are too long).o has a hand in it) went for sheer power in  writing   TDOS, which is not CP/M with a high-boost turbocharger  but gives   the same effect. Whatever operating system may be running ADAM - EOS, CP/M,  GoDOS, TDOS or whatever, it is of little use for ADAM to know how  to      respond to instructions if he does not have a list of  instructions telling him what to do, when, and in whools needed to make an assembly language peogram, that they could actually make one.  Well in this  session, everyone in my class made a program that displayed "Hello World" when they booted a tape.  In fact they were so        enthusiastic that Faye Deere convinced me to do an extra hour or    so of my "2 hour lesson" in the afternoon on the day that I         presented in the morning, after the first 2 hour slot only made  it about half way.  Even after the extension (where I explained,  step by step, t‚CяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяTHE FOLLOWING IS BY KEITH JEFFERSON of the St.Louis AUG. DIVIDING BY 100 ***************Division by 100:  ADAM's Mathpack does its arithmetic in base 2    (binary) and translates it to base 10 (decimal).  All such         mathpacks have difficulty Coleco manufactured the ADAM for its compatibilities to the       ColecoVision Game Unit.  It marketed it for the Super Game         innovations.  And most of all, its "everything in one package"     design.  Coleco wanted to have a computer on the market that no    one else had.  They accomplished just that, but one major flaw. Coleco had bad management.  It would rush its programmers and     advertise it to soon and in the end came out with a computer that  was a sloppy put-together. After many revisi formula, but if you are showing an answer    on the screen (for instance, in dollars and cents) you will want   the expected answer.  Here is a little program that shows the expected answer by         converting the numbers to strings and inserting a decimal point.   (If you convert the string back to a value using VAL, the same     long decimal number will emerge.)We get the number:10 INPUT "Number you wish to divide by 100 ";nNow check to see if it will be a problem20 IF n > 8191 AND LEN(STR$(nlly frustrated just as much as the  consumer and halted any ideas of programming for the ADAM. With many returns at the stores and malfunctioning units needing  revisions, Coleco decided to withdraw from the computer market by  halting the ADAM and ColecoVision production.  Coleco did          continue support and software manufacturing, but that only lasted  a short time.  Supplies ran out quickling and owners were faced    with a small third party vendor list. In the short time that Coleco did have wit‚CяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяя HISTORY FROM THE SMARTWRITER'S HANDBOOK, A PD Disk from Eric Danz's AdamZap Co.  and ADAMZONE Publishing    Co.ADAMZONE Publishing Company17 Capstan RoadWest Milford, NJ 07480-4816File:COLECO "Says" "ADAM has a wonderful way with words!" converting numbers divided by 100, so    programmers write several algorithms to force the Mathpack to      give the "expected" answer.  ADAM's mathpack covers almost all of  the adjustments, but a few still slip through.If you divide numbers aboue 8191 by 100, you are likely to get an  answer with many trailing decimals.  For instance, whenyou divide  8192 by 100, you expect an answer of 81.92.  Instead, you will     get an answer of 81.919999999.  The number will be pretty          accurate for use in aons and call backs the reputation was ruined     and the only owners would probably sell their ADAM, out of         frustration, in the used computer market a few months later.  But  what actually happened was a computer that was unique and started  to obtain a great following. Rumors of 500,000 plus being sold in the first year and many      third party companies wanting to program for it were true.         Coleco just didn't provide technical data for the third party      companies and they were eventua/100)) > LEN(STR$(n+1)) THEN GOSUB    100040 ENDCorrect the problem by using Strings:1000 n$ = LEFT$(STR$(n),LEN(STR$(n))-2) + "." + RIGHT$(STR$(n),2)  1010 RETURNIf a conversion was not needed, print the regular answer:30 ? n/100If the conversion was needed, print the conversion by tacking it   onto the end of line 20:20 IF n > 8191 AND LEN(STR$(n/100)) > LEN(STR$(n+1)) THEN GOSUB    1000 :  PRINT n$ :  GOTO 40h the computer market   (including the video game market) they accomplished quite a bit.   Here is a list of hardware produced in the short time from         December of 1982 through January of 1986.ColecoVision Game UnitSuper Action ControllersRoler Controller AttachmentExpansion Module #1 (Atari 2600 converter)Expansion Module #2 (Steering wheel joystick)Expansion Module #3 (ADAM expansion system)ADAM Computer SystemHigh Speed Digital Data Drive ReplacementADAMLink 300 Baud Modem64K Memory ExpaWithin three       hours the floor went from empty to having a line set up and         running.  The line was assembling digital data drive boards.        Taking bare circuit boards having them stuffed with parts then      going through a wave soldering machine.  That day I was impressed   on how much could be done by this company in such a short time      period. I hear alot of Adam owners putting down the Coleco for stopping    production and also support of the Adam and ColecoVision.  But      these peta packs had right   directories but then changed to middle directories.  Second the    printer had a loud striker head and then a quieter one.  In        conclusion the revisions were needed but didn't help the ADAM to   much; it was still doomed and was halted.  If you figure that a    company like Coleco worked so hard to put together such a machine  and then rushed its production so much that the product became     faulty is such a shame.  The ADAM could of had a brighter future   if the owner would of e end of 1984  or       beginning of 1985 when Coleco decided to get out of Electronics. Coleco put a great amount of effort into the Adam even selling     off some very profitable products to generate money.  One such      line was the above ground swimming pools, which Coleco was the      largest manufacture of in the country.  Coleco went all out on  the Adam taking a great financial risk which because of certion  events did not work out.  The only blame I put on Coleco is that  they     released the ‚DяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяColeco, which name comes from the Company's original name           COnnecticut LEather COmpany, was in some ways a very amazing        company.  I still remember being on a empty floor when a high up    official gave the order to start making boards.  nderAutodialer5 1/4 Inch Disk DriveBlank Digital Data PacksReplacement Printer RibbonsReplacement Daisy WheelsMonitor Cable With the above list came many revisions.  The ColecoVision went   under three revisions.  The ADAM printer went under two            revisions.  The memory console went under four revisions and the   digital data drives went under two revisions.  Coleco did a good   job of replacing older versions with newer ones.  Coleco also      changed their format many times.  First the daople just do not know what they are talking about and       don't know anything about Coleco.  Coleco is a company that         through out time has gone all out on a number of different          products.  Some of these products made them large amounts of  money and other almost sank the Company.  The Adam was one of the         products that placed a large financial strain on the Company.   Why was support dropped for the Adam? I not sure but most likey  it had something to do with deals Coleco made at thbeen a littler brighter in itself.  We are   all owners of an orphan. "COMMAND THE POWERS OF ADAM and program your future!"ADAM The ColecoVision Family COmputer System - Coleco Ind.*** All quotes are from the Coleco advertisement brochure. eir      own.  My handout was a "crib sheet", which requires attendance at   my session to understand.  I actually would have liked to have  had a video tape of my session, but I couldn't carry a camera and  all  of that other equipment, so I guess I'll haAdam to soon.  The bugs should have been worked  out   before the Adam was released into the market.  The releasing  of    computer that did not work wrecked the Adam name and still  today   has left bad impression in many peoples minds about the  Adam.  I   can not believe the number of people I know that bought  Adams when they first came out that brought them back because they did not work. The Adam was a extremely large project for Coleco to start up.     Coleco not only produced most of the circuit supply.  The whole Adam computer system which people refer    to as the stand alone and the Coleco workers called the memory      console the "delta" and the printer had a flat cord.  The second    system which requires a ColecoVision is the expansion model #3      which Coleco workers called the "Gamma" and the power cord was      round.  The expansion module #3 was made for people that owned a    colecoVision, so they could expand there ColecoVision into a Adam   Computer.  The memory console of the expanAmsterdam New York.   The amount of testing that Coleco performed was just               unbelievable.  The testing that was performed on various parts of   the Adam was done with computerizied test equipment.  The testing   that data drive went through was first the read/write and servo     boards would each go though a short test then when through a go-    no-go test then a final tester.  Then the boards would be put       together then go though a go-no-go test then a final tester.  The   boards then with the  French  chips working and have hear that German where also made.   The way  these language boards work is that when a Adam is first  turned on  the Adam checks the middle expansion slot first to see  if anything is there.  If the slot is empty it them goes to the EOS chips.  When a language board is installed the EOS and word     processing chips are installed on it.  The EOS and word  processing chips on the logic board are removed.  So when the Adam is tuned on it goes to the center slot and re  Basically this   amount testing was done for all the Adam items that were made by    Coleco.   The Adam family computer system package consist of the following   items:  memory console, keyboard, printer, two joysticks, digital   data drive, along with various cords and cables to connect items    together and to the owner's TV.  The Adam was produced in two       forms for the US and Canadian markets.  The only differences        between them was the memory console and the power cord in the       power boards and  assemblied the printer, data drives, memory console but also produced its own plastic and metal parts for the printer, memory    console, and data drives.  The metal parts such as shields and      power supply chassis where made in Coleco's Gloverville, New York   plant.  The plastic parts such as the housings, covers, latches,    etc where made in Coleco's plastic plant in Mayfield.  Coleco  even made its own computerizied test equipment for test boards  and      assemblies which they made in sion module #3 is only    difference in that a monitor cannot be used with the Gamma unit     unless it is modified.    There was two different expansion module #3 available one for  the US and Canadian markets and one for overseas markets.  There  are   two difference between them the power supply in the printer  is for 220V 50Hz and the memory console is wired for a language  board.    This is so that the word processing program would pop up  in a      different language.  I have personnel seen a Adam would be assembled in a data drive and be tested  again before going to the one hour burn in test.  This test would  read   and write to every block on a blank tape.  This test would  take    about one hour to perform, that is why Coleco called it the  one    hour burn in test.  After this test the data drive would be         installed in a memory console then tested again.  When the memory   console was paired up with the rest of the items that make up a     Adam system the data drive would be tested again.ads the EOS  chip on the language board.  Then when someone presses the word          processing key the system reads the word processing chips on the    language board which would turn out to be what ever language is     installed on the language board.  By having a set of language       boards you can switch between languages by just turning the Adam    off and inserting a different board.   A simplify explanation of how the Adam works is that the Adam is   a Z80 computer.  The Z80 micro processor contr model was know as the US made data drives.  These  drives when first produce had various problems and I believe was  one of   the problems that held up production of the Adam.  One  particular  problem I recall was caused by a simple mistake on how  a part was  specified on a drawing.  The straightness tolerance on  the pin     that the encoder wheel rotated on was not called out right.  So what happen was that Coleco received a box about 8"      square that had 10,000 encoder pins in it that met the drawo Adam net ports, three  card connectors, expansion port, TV port, monitor port and a  cartridge  slot.  The two printed circuit boards are the game board (top board) and logic board (bottom board).  The game board   is the same as a ColecoVision with buffers added to it.  This       board has the 16K video ram, cartridge slot, TV port, monitor       port, and the Z80 on it.  The clock frequency of the main clock  is 3.58 MHz, the video chip clock is 10.74 MHz, and the sound  chip    modulator uses a 4.5 M favor of using the new style  JVC       drives.  The second model and third model where both made by  JVC   and know as the old style and new style JVC data drives.  The  old  style JVC drives were produced near the beginning of the Adam  in   1983 after some of the bugs had been worked out of the US  drives.  Basically the old style JVC and the US drives where the  same with  only some small differences.  To tell them apart look  at the motor drive hubs and the label which states made in either Japan or 59, 77, 79, and 80.  To find out which revision you have turn   your Adam on and press the control key and R key at the same time   and a smart key will appear showing what revision you have  example R80.  If you are lucky R80 will appear since this is the  lastest   and best revision that Coleco produced.  If not your board can be converted by Kosowsky's Adam Repair to a R80.  This    board was made in both the US and Taiwan.   The digital data drive was produced in three different models.     The firstols the Video  output and also the master 6801 micro processor.  The master 6801          controls the memory ram and also the slave 6801 micro processors,   it can control up to 15 total devices.  Each hardware component     has it's own 6801 slave micro processor.  The 6801 micro            processors are linked together by a 62.5K bps, half Duplex,  shared serial bus which Coleco called Adam Net.   Memory Console (Delta) which houses up to two digital data         drives, two printed circuit boards, twing      specification but only about 30% worked.  These were sent back to   the company and Coleco ended up sending a employee out of town  for about a week to sort through these 10,000 pins to find good  ones   to use.  They where in a hurry and needed the pins bad.   Lucky I   was in a car pool that day and didn't have a car or yours  truly    would have been the one doing the sorting!  These drives  where     made in Amsterdam New York in building #6.  Production was  stopped on the US drives in 1984 inHz circuit.  A couple of different  revision  where made but all will work with and revision logic board.  The game board has no effect on what revision your memory   console is.  This board was produced in both the US and Taiwan.     The logic board contains the 64K of RAM, EOS, word processing       chips, master 6801, expansion port, and also various slave 6801     micro processors.  This board and EOS on the board went through     many changes some of the different revisions floating around are    57, US.  Although when the tape drives go through the repair   lines in Coleco sometimes the back plastic covers get switched.     What this means is sometimes a made in the US drive has a made in   Japan label and sometimes a made in Japan drive has a made in the   US label on it.  The hubs on the US tape drives have a spring       behind the hubs and the Japanese drives do not have these  springs.  The third model has many improvements over the first  models some  of the improvements are speed adjustment screcal hammer type print mechanism to a electrical solenoid     printing mechanism.  Also parts where added so the printing head    could be adjusted with a screw driver instead of using a pair of    pliers.  Near the end of production the contact point switch in     the gear train was also replaced by a micro switch.  The printer    was produced in Mayfield, New York in Coleco's building #1 "Patch   road plant".  There was also a optional tractor feed mechanism      that was never offered by Coleco itself.  hen it is.), and basically better      quality then either the US or old style JVC drives.  With all       these changes it is easy to tell which are the new style JVC        drives.  The easy way to tell is that the motor screws are now      flushed with the plastic and two out of the three screws line up    vertical.  On both of the older drives these screws are not         flushed and none of the motor screws line up vertical.  Both        models of the JVC drives were built in Japan.   The adam keyboaansion ports or card            connectors.  Under the top lid of the memory console is two 8 pin   and two 9 pin connectors along with three card connectors.  Two     digital data drives can be installed in the console pluging into    the two sets of 8 and 9 pin connectors.  Two disk drives can also   be attached buy pluging the first drive to the console through  one of the two Adam net ports.  The second disk drives plugs into  the  first disk drive.  The three card connectors under the top  lid     fromn through some different revisions but all revisions will work fine.  The printer itself went through one      major change which was the printing head.  The printer head and     printer head switch where greatly improved to increase  reliabilty, print quality, better adjustment system, and slightly  quieter.     The change that was made on the printer head switch was  to change  from the trouble some contact points to a micro switch.   The       printer head itself was redesigned by replacing the mechanien on top (Which means that the speed of the data drive can be adjusted   without having to remove the drive from the memory console.),       holes added on top sheild and sides of the plastic housing (This    increase air flow to reduce temperature), improved head mounting    (wires are attached with screws rather than with solder.), better   tape mounting/ejection system, connecters added inside drives,      tape insertion button made longer (This gives less error readings   that a tape is not inserted w The Adam disk drive is a double density single sided 160K half     height drive.  The disk drive was built in Singapore by JVC.  The   drive like all other hardware was tested in Amsterdam New York.   The memory console was designed to have up to 15 devices  attached on the Adam net.  Any device that Coleco made to connect  like      digital data drives, disk drives, Adam printer, keyboard,  and      RS232 parallel/serial printer interface all use the Adam net.   All other hardware options plug into exprd has 75 full travel keys, including ten command   keys and six programmable function keys.  These keyboards are  very dependable and were produced in Japan.   The Adam printer is a friction feed Bi-directional letter  quality daisy wheel printer.  The printing speed is 10 characters  per      second and the pitch is 10 characters to the inch.  The  printer    contains two printer circuits boards, the printer logic  board and  the Adam's power supply.  The printer logic and power  supply       boards whe the right, the first one is for a memory expansion  board.     Coleco made a 64K expander but several other companies  have also   produced expanders any where from 64K to 1 meg!  The second card connector Coleco intended for 32K ROM cards and a 80    column card.  This connector today is used for parallel printer     interface or a addressor card interface.  The third connector is    for the Coleco phone modem and also Coleco had a real time clock    planned.  On the back of the memory console are ouletsWithin three       hours the floor went from empty to having a line set up and         running.  The line was assembling digital data drive boards.        Taking bare circuit boards having them stuffed with parts then      going through a wave soldering machine.  That day I was impressed   on how much could be done by this company in such a short time      period. I hear alot of Adam owners putting down the Coleco for stopping    production and also support of the Adam and ColecoVision.  But      these pe to operate out of it like tape drives  and   drawing pens.  There is also two hardware devices I know of  for    the printer that Coleco planned.  A printer tractor feed that       attaches to the top of the Adam printer.  Also a RS232              parallel/serial printer interface.  This interface plugs into the   console memory console the same way the Adam printer is plugged     in.  Then the Adam printer plugs into the printer interface.   This interface will print on a parallel printer, serial printerstarted, a few words of advice.  This is not the     only way of getting through the game.  Many of the problems and     situations (such as the whale's belly) have more than one           solution.  So, you might want to save the game from time to time,   and experiment a little, to see if you can find other ways of       doing things (actually, it's wise to save the game anyway, in  case you make a mistake).  Also, consult the Guide frequently during play; you will gain      some useful insights to somemater, and clock.  яяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяColeco, which name comes from the Company's original name           COnnecticut LEather COmpany, was in some ways a very amazing        company.  I still remember being on a empty floor when a high up    official gave the order to start making boards.   which a TV   or composite monitor can be attached.  On the right side of the     console is a expansion port that the Atari 2600 adapter can be      attached to.  Coleco also made some prototype 8 inch disk drive     interfaces that used this port.  These interfaces where only used   in house and never where intented for sale.  Some other companies   also designed devices to use the port like 5 1/4 inch double  sided drives.  The cartridge port on the top of the console had  some     prototype devices made‚DяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяя Hitchhiker Part I  Ok everyone, hang on to your seats (and your towels!); this is     probably going to be the wildest adventure game you'll ever         play...unless Infocom comes out with a sequel, which they just      might do!  Before we get ,  or the Adam printer.  No patches just flip a switch for the desired printer.  You can even switch between printers as they  are printing by flipping the switch in the middle of printing.   Of     course there are many other hardware devices from many fine         companies like 80 column board for CPM, M.I.D.I.  (music keyboard   interface), speech synthesizer, serial/parallel printer             interfaces, serial port, harddisk interface, heavy duty power       supply, sound digitizer, mouse, tape for of the objects you come across, and    even some helpful information (sometimes).  And remember, no        matter how bad things may look:  DON'T PANIC!  Here you are, mild-mannered Arthur Dent, about to start the  worst day of your life, although you don't know that...yet!   Actually,   the day is already getting off to a bad start, since you've just woken up in the dark, with a really bad headache (and   it's all downhill from here).  The first thing you need to do is stand up and turn on the  light  who wears a digital watch!).  Don't take that sitting down, leave   the pub and return to where your house used to be.  Along the  way, you'll see a starving dog.  While you may wonder if anything could eat that sandwich and       survive, give it to the dog, who will (amazingly!) enjoy it         immensely, ignoring a microscopic space fleet that whizzes past     (remember that fleet).  Then continue on to the ruins of your  home (Ford will be right behind you).  And just about now, to put a perfect  to level your home, and there's Prosser    standing by, watching it all.  Are you going to take this lying     down?  You bet you are!  That's the only way to stop it:  lie down in     front of the bulldozer.  No matter how close the thing gets,  don't panic; it won't run you over (of course, in a short time,  it       really won't matter what happens to the house, but you don't  know  that yet).  Just wait awhile until Ford Prefect shows up  (read the junk mail while you wait).  Ford seems a trifle prg, have no fear:  it will turn up again later), and you will    be in....the dark.  Get used to that, you'll be spending a lot of time there before    this is over.  Nis over.  Notice that, at first, you can't do       much.  All your five senses seem be be out of order.  However, if   you wait, and read the descriptions very carefully, you will see    that eventually, it mentions only 4 of your senses.  one one        that's missing is the one you can use.  Keep this in mind, it  will come in handy later the pub to hoist a few.  As soon as Prosser takes your place, go South and West to the      pub.  Buy a cheese (?) sandwich while you wait for him to arrive    (when you read the description, you'll understand about the "?").   When Ford gets there, he'll buy you a few beers.  Drink only  three of them.  Around about the time you've finished the third one, there will    be a loud crash.  In fact, it's the sound of your home being        demolished by the bulldozer (that will teach you to trust anyone  .  That's a little better, anyway!  Or maybe not, since  you're       having a hard time getting coordinated.  Grab the dressing  gown    and put it on, then look in the pocket.  an aan analgesic!   Take   that, then get the screwdriver and the toothbrush, and head  South  to the porch (did you hear a tree fall? Rather omnious,  isn't      it?).    Here you find something no modern home should be without:  junk    mail.  Take the mail, and go on outside.  Uh-oh!  There's a very    big bulldozer on its wayending to a perfect day       (which has just barely begun), the Vogon construction ships         appear, to demolish the Earth to make way for a new Hyper-space     Bypass (hmmm, maybe Ford wasn't kidding when he said he was from    another planet, or that Earth would be destroyed in a short  time).  Still, don't panic...wait until Ford drops the Sub-etha            signalling device.  There won't be much time after that, so pick    up the device, push the green button (if you dropped the Aunt's     thineoccupied with the sky, but he is aware      enough of you ttry and give you back your towel.  Don't take it,    or he'll leave and you will a la lot worse off than you ever        imagined (can things be worse than this? They sure can!).  Instead of taking the towel, ask Ford about your home.  He will    eventually come to his senses, and realize what is going on.   When that happens, he will be able to persuade Prosser to take  your     place in front of the bulldozer while the two of you head  off to  .  Right now, your nose seems to be working again, so smell.   Sniff, sniff.  Ugh!  Whatever it is, it sure is strong!  You are  also now dimly aware of a shadow, look at it.  Well, well, it turns out to be Ford Prefect!  And, looking around, you find        yourself in the hold of a Vogon ship.  Certainly better than  being on Earth (or where Earth used to be).  There's a glass case with an Atomic Vector Plotter inside, but     don't bother with it yet.  You have something else to do first,     namelyile, you and Ford will be         hustled into the Captain's quarters, and strapped into Poetry       Appreciation Chairs (worser could could happen, but right now,  you probably can't think of any).  After the Vogon Captain has          tortured you with the first verse, grit your teeth and enjoy the    poetry.  He will then, to your dismay, read you the next verse.  While you could easily live without hearing it, in this case,  you do need to listen so you know the word to type in.  Fortunately, after  it on the       hook.  Now, wait for Ford to curl up, then get the towel and the    satchel.  Put the towel over the drain, and the satchel in front    of the robot panel.  Now comes the part that drives most people     crazy:  they don't know how to stop the upper-half-of-the-room      cleaning robot.  But, it's so simple:  just put the junk mail on    top of the satchel.  Now you can push the button!  Then step back and watch the Rube    Goldberg shenanigans, which end with the Babel Fish stuck solidlybe  in the airlock, with very little time left.  In fact, time has just run out, and there you are in the depths    of space.  Lucky for you, the Guide explained how to survive all    of 30 seconds out there!  Well, perhaps not so lucky, since,        considering the vastness of space, it's quite improbable that       another ship will come by to pick you up before the 30 seconds  run out.  So naturally, 29 seconds later, the Heart of Gold (the  HOG)  comes past and picks you up.  There you are in the dmore unfortunate, sooner or later, the survivors will figure out how that happened,   and they will be looking for revenge....but more about that         charming prospect later.  Right now, press the switch on the case.  This will tell you  what the code is that will open the case so you can snatch the  plotter.  Make careful note of what word is required; it is chosen randomly each time.  Too bad you have to listen to some      pretty rotten poetry to get the word.  Speaking of poetry, in a short wh, obtain a Babel Fish.  That shouldn't be hard, right? All    you need to do is push the button on the dispensing machine, and    you'll have one, right? Hehehehehehe!  Those Babel Fish are pretty slippery characters (but, you may      have found that out already for yourself!).  And the cleaning       robots are certainly no help; seem seem to have only one mission    in life:  grabbing your Fish away from you.  Well, we really  can't let that happen!  So, first thing to do is remove your gown and hangthe second verse, you don't have to enjoy the    poetry.  Unfortunately, since you survived both verses, the         Captain is going to have you and Ford shoved out the airlock (you   have now found something worse than appreciating Vogon poetry).  While Ford tries to talk the guard out of spacing the two of  you, type in the word from the poem.  You must put quotes around  the    word, or it won't go through.  Then get the plotter when the  case  opens.  Now just wait awhile, and you and Ford will soon    in your ear (squish!).  Bet you never thought outer space would  be like this!  However, now that you have the Fish, you'll be  able to understand anyone who talks to you.    Hitchhiker Part II  By the way, somewhere along the line, you will get a message  that one of the phrases you've used was instrumental in starting  a war  that wiped out most of a small galaxy.  There is nothing  you can   do about this; no matter how you try, it will come to  pass.        Rather unfortunate, isn't it? Even ark again.  Wait and watch the display,      until it no longer says you can't hear.  Then listen, and you  will hear the sound of the star drive.  Now it gets cute:  the  program  will lie to you, and say there is an exit to port.  Don't  you      believe it!  Go Aft instead, and you will be in Entry Bay 2.   You  can ignore the brochure, if you like.  Go Aft again, and you're in the Fore End of the corridor.  Here,   Ford will find you, and take you up to the bridge, where you meet   Zaphod and Trillianmpleted.  They come up in random      order, so each one has its own little section of the walkthru.      The lead-in to each of them is that familiar dark area, where you   have to wait until one of your senses is working again.  You will   be in the dark area again when the scenario ends (and you will      have listen for the drive sound), which will then bring you back    to the HOG.  Also, be aware there are times that you may briefly go back to     one of the scenarios you have already completed.  Yoetty much ignore     him, as well as Marvin the Paranoid Robot, although Marvin will  be important much later on (depressing as that may sound).  Ok, time to prepare for some pretty weird happenings!  First       you'll need the spare improbability drive.  So, go down, then  Aft.  Keep going Aft.  The program will tell you that the Engine  Room   is dangerous.  It LIES!  Don't listen to it, just keep going  Aft.  Eventually, you'll get there.  Of course, as soon as you're there, you'll want to look arouo be in, considering that, among its  many charms, the Bugblatter has those tungsten-carbide vast-pain  claws  (perhaps he was a dentist in a previous life).  However, you are here for a purpose, so you'll just have to do     something the Beast.  Consulting the Guide tells you that           Bugblatters are incredibly stupid, which is certainly the case.     In the meantime, the Beast is bearing on you, demanding your  name.  Don't be shy, introduce yourself, then run like heck East  out of  the Lair. e.       Fortunately, you don't have to drink it.  Take the cup (ignore  the carton, it's useless) and return to the bridge.  Drop the cup and the drive.  Now, plug the small plug in to the    small receptacle, and put the plotter's dangly bit into the tea     substitute.  Ok, you are about to have some pretty strange          experiences, but before you throw the switch, some words of  advice and caution.  There are five scenarios (all rather short, but all of them        important), that have to be co.  Actually, you've seen them both before, at  a party you attended a short time ago.  While you listen to the       chatter between Zaphod and Ford, you can begin to drop some items   here.  You can drop the plotter, screwdriver, gown, and signalling        device.  By this time, everyone else has gone to the sauna,         leaving you alone on the Bridge with Eddie, the shipboard           computer.  Don't mind Eddie, he's a little over-protective, but     he's a good sort at heart.  In fact, you can pru just sort  of bounce in and out of those, but you do have to spend time  waiting  in the dark.  I couldn't find a way around this, so you'll just have to live with it.  Finally, it's a good idea to     save the game after you complete each scenario, just in case.       With that said, it's time, so push the switch!    The Bugblatter Beast  When you come out of the dark, you find yourself in the Lair of    the dreaded Bugblatter Beast.  There are, perhaps, better places    you could wish yourself tnd.    The program will tell you there is nothing to see.  That, too, is   a lie!  Keep looking, and you'll find that there are some things    to see here, especially the spare drive.  Don't worry about the     tools for now; you can leave them where they are.  Once you have the drive, go back to the Fore End corridor, then    head Port where you'll find the Nutrimat (try consulting the  Guide about the Nutrimat).  Touch the pad, and you will be provided with a delicious (?) cup of advanced tea substitut Pick up one of the sharp stones, and then cover your head with     the towel.  Old Buggy is so dumb, he thinks that, since you can't   see him, he can't see you.  But, this won't last for very long,  so you have to fool him, and quickly.  Lucky for you, this isn't       hard.  Carve your name on the Bugblatter's memorial.  When he sees the    name there, he will think he's already eaten you, which is why he   can't see you (dumb may be an understatement here).  The Beast      will then curl up for a nap,rth, and there you will see       Arthur lying in front of the bulldozer.  With a certain feeling of deja vu, you offer him the towel.        However, instead of taking it, he asks you about his home.  You     suddenly realize what is going on (not that it really matters,      considering what will shortly happen!).  In a moment of             magnanimity (or possibly madness), you decide to take Arthur        hitchhiking with you.  But first, you have to deal with Prosser.  Go over to him, and     ask id paint      chipper and the interface card in the Fore End before going up to   the Bridge (you'll need the interface later, but there's no need    to drag it around with you now).  Once on the Bridge, push the      switch again, and you'll be back in the dark.  Trillian  The dark ends with something liquidy to the touch.  In fact, you   find your fingers bathing in a glass of wine.  Coming to your       senses, you realize that you are now Trillian, and you are at the   party where you (she?) met bo  Now wait.  The Vogon ships will    appear, the winds will pick up, and you'll start fumbling with  the device.  Oops!  You just dropped it!  Fortunately, it rolls over by         Arthur, who picks it up and looks at it.  Also fortunately,  Arthur manages to push the right button, and everything becomes....dark.   Zaphod  You come out of the dark to find that you're now Zaphod            Beeblebrox, the President of the Universe.  In fact, you're on      your way to steal the Heart of Gold (with a nd shortly he will come over, and take you out to his scooter.     As you blast off, everything once again becomes.....dark.   Ford  Now you find yourself standing in a country lane, holding a        satchel.  The place looks familiar.  In fact, it's the lane         outside Arthur's home, and this time you seem to be Ford Prefect.  Those Vogons will be arriving soon, so there's not much time.      Open the satchel, and take the satchel fluff, the towel, and the    sub-etha signalling device.  Go No leaving you free (after removing the   towel!) to re-enter the Lair and then go SouthWest.  Here you  will find the skeleton of some poor soul clutching a Nutrimat  Computer  Interface Card.  Take the card, and just wait around for  awhile.   You will be mistakenly captured as a Bugblatter Beast  (talk about  insults!), but you will eventually be freed, and have  some other   adventures along the way, before you find yourself back in the dark again.  When you get back to the HOG, you can drop the asterohim to lie down in front of the bulldozer.  He'll make a        little fuss, but you'll manage to persuade him.  Now, you and       Arthur can hurry over to the pub, and drink some beer (remember  to buy peanuts).  Sit there, drinking your beer (no more than three!), meditating    on why Arthur is taking the imminent demise of the world so         calmly, until the house falls and Arthur goes tearing out.  Follow him to the ruins of his home.  Drop the satchel, and put    the satchel fluff on top of it.th Arthur and a mysterious man named   Phil.  Take a good look at Arthur, and you will see he has a huge ball    of fluff on his jacket.  Just what you want, but your hands are     full.  Drop the plate you're holding, and get the fluff.  Open      your handbag and put the fluff in it, then the the plate again      (otherwise, the pushy hostess won't leave you alone).  Now, all you need to do is wait, trying not to be bored to tears   by Arthur's feeble attempts at conversation.  Give Phil a look,     alittle help from        Trillian).  As your speedboat zooms towards its destination, search the seat   carefully and you will find seat fluff and a key.  The key opens    the toolbox, but you don't need to do that now.  Just make sure     you take the box; you might be needing it later.  Now, if you continue on your present course, you'll never make  it between the cliffs and the spire (or maybe you know that  already).  The trick is to make auto-pilot do the hard work, so  steer the    boat towards there you.....and you  end up  materializing inside your own head!  But wait....maybe there is a madness in this method, after all     (or is that the other way around?).  Move along the mazy of         synapses (any direction will do, they're all alike), until you      come to the particle.  Look at the particle, and you will see it's your common sense.     If there's one thing you surely don't need in THIS adventure,  it's common sense, so take the particle.  Whoops!  Everythig just        went.....dark.to do, so now's your chance:  tell  them not to shoot.  After a few moments, they will drop their rifles into a            pile..just what you've been waiting for.  Tell Trillian to shoot    the rifles.  As the weapons disappear, you and Trillian make a      break for the HOG!  You made it!!  But...everything seems to be  to be getting....dark. The War Room  Ah ha, fooled ya!  I bet when you heard the sound of the star      drive, you thought you were back on the HOG.  But, surprise!        you're in what it is you want, the Nutrimat begins to    have some problems.  Its own limited circuitry can't handle it      (well, it's just a dumb machine, after all), so it ties into the    main shipboard computer.  Don't spend time here watching the Nutrimat go through its         gyrations.  Head for the bridge, and plug the large plug into the   large receptacle.  The moment is almost here:  the HOG has  arrived at the legendary lost planet of Magrathea, the the natives aren't friendly.  In fact, they are can't really  stop them, so just wait around and hope for the best.  The fleet gets closer and closer, and then arrives.  Amazingly,    the first they they see is....a huge dog happily munching a  cheese (?) sandwich!  The sight of this giant monster, contentedly eating, softens the hearts of the Vl'hurgs and          G'guvunts.  With a new mission in life, they turn around and go home.  Along   the way, they transport you back to the HOG.  Unfortunately,  since the aliens are microscopic, so are yso a rocky spire.  The spire gets closer...closer....closer....and then, at last!     the autopilot wakes up, just in time, and steers you to safety!     Whew, that was a close one.  Ok, now you can stand up and go  North to the Dais, where the dedication ceremonies will be held.  Wait around, enjoying the cheers of the crowd (read the banner  if you like), until Trillian appears.  She will jump out of the        crowd, and hold a gun to one of your heads.  The guards are a       little hesitant about what    Hitchhiker Part III  Ok, now you should have collected the four fluffs, the ultra-      plasmic awl, the paint chipper, the nutrimat computer interface,    and the tool box.  After you have done the last scenario            (whichever one that is), don't go back to the Bridge.  Pick up  the interface, and go to the Nutrimat.  It's tea time!  Open the panel on the Nutrimat, remove the circuit board, and      replace it with the interface.  Now, touch the pad.  With a         clearer idea of just the War Room of a mighty war fleet approaching Earth  (at least you're yourself this time!).  Hmmmm, looking around, you see an ultra-plasmic awl.  Pick that    up, since it might come in handy later.  Now, take a good look at   the aliens.  They are Vl'hurg and G'guvunt.  Sound familiar? Ring   any bells? Remember that small galaxy you pretty much wiped out     with your careless words?  Well, they finally figured out what happened, and now they are  on their way to Earth to take revenge!  (Uh oh) You sending up a bunch of missiles to vaporize the   HOG (hmmm, they really AREN'T friendly!).  Now, push the switch  on the spare drive.  Wow!  Talk about improbabilities!  The  missiles  have turned into a giant sperm whale!   After accepting the congratulations of Ford, Zaphod, and  Trillian (who conveniently disappear into the sauna again), return to the Nutrimat, where you will find, at last, a cup of      REAL tea.  Get the cup (you will drop the No Tea), but don't  drink it!!  Bring it to the Bridge.to game, and there is no way to know which    one it is until you eat the fruit.  That is also why you have to    collect all those tools.  Get the tool that you saw in the  vision.  If it happens to be one you haven't seen yet, then you'll find it in Marvin's pantry.  The trick now is to find Marvin, and he's in his pantry, behind    the screening door.  First, get the real tea.  You automatically    drop the No Tea.  But, you don't have your common sense anymore,    so....pick up the No Tea!  Now, you but you will make it eventually).        There's a flowerpot here!  Get the pot, and put it in the Aunt's    Thing.  Now, wait around (you really don't have a choice), and      soon you will be in the dark again.  Ah, back on the HOG at last.  If you take inventory, you'll        notice you don't have the Aunt's Thing.  Don't panic!  It will,  as always, turn up.  In the meantime, go around picking up the         various fluffs.  The Zaphod fluff, along with the tool box, will    be by the hatch.  Trilliatry (yay)!  Marvin will  be there, sulking as usual.  Tell him to fix the hatch.  Marvin  will  grumble, but he will agree to it, and tell you to meet him  at the  Hatch Access Space, with the proper tool, in twelve moves.  As you already have the tool (thanks to the fruit), you can go     directly to Access space (drop everything but the tool and the      Fish), and wait for Marvin.  When he arrives and asks for the       tool, give it to him.  Marvin will fiddle briefly, and the hatch    will slide openblem!  The HOG has landed on          Magrathea, but Eddie, overprotective as usual, has jammed the       hatch shut.  And, he's not going to open it, no matter how long  it takes him to check for dangers on the planet (which will be  quite  a few years).    Hitchhiker Part IV  You are almost ready!  First, eat the fruit from the plant (mmm,   tasty!).  You have a vision, and pay close attention to it:  the    vision shows you what tool Marvin will need to open the hatch.      This varies from game   Drop the real tea (you will automatically pick up the No Tea).     Remove the dangly bit from the tea substitute, and put it in the    real tea.  You have one more little trip to make.  First,  however, drop everything you are carrying except the Babel Fish  and the     Aunt's Thing (yes, you have it again, you just can't get  rid of    it).  Push the switch on the Drive.  After a short stay in the dark,     you will find yourself in the whale's tummy (it may, however,  take more than try to get here, have both Tea and No Tea at     the same time!!  Go to the Screening Door.  Open it.  The Door, impressed by your   being able to have both Tea and No Tea will let you through!        However, WAIT!!!  Don't go through the door yet!  If you set foot   in the pantry, you will be overwhelmed by depression!  So, that     magic moment has arrived, the moment you've been waiting for ever   since you left Earth:  drink the real tea!!  (Ahhhhhh, good to  the last drop!)  All right!  Now you can go into the Pann's, of course, is in her handbag, and     Ford's is on the satchel, and the last one is in the pocket of      your gown (unless you took it out earlier and dropped it            somewhere).  The Aunt's Thing has reappeared by now, so go up to the Bridge.    Take the flowerpot, plant all four fluffs, drop the pot, and wait   awhile.  When you see a tiny sprout has formed, take the pot into   the sauna.  When you emerge, a changed man, you will also have a    changed plant.  However, there is another pro.  Go out to the Hatch, and then down the Hatch.  Wow!  You have  now set foot on the legendary lost planet of Magrathea, and........  And what comes next, will have to wait for the sequel (and let's   hope it isn't too long a wait!!!)! it!  Go Aft instead, and you will be in Entry Bay 2.   You  can ignore the brochure, if you like.  Go Aft again, and you're in the Fore End of the corridor.  Here,   Ford will find you, and take you up to the bridge, where you meet   Zaphod and Trilliannd R/W.   The video section outputs three signals to the RF modulator.The audio section is bvasically the Texas Instrument's 76489  sound generator chip.  The integrated circuit is on the eight bit  CPU    data bus and uses two other inputs to enable the chip along  with   the system clock for synchronization.  The 76489 outputs a  ready   signal to the CPU when it has inputed the data on the data  bus.    It outputs audio to the RF modulator.The RF modulator takes both the audio and video signals and  ‚DяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяTECHNICAL INFO ON MODULE #3The following is technical informaton from the Coleco Vision        Technical Manual.^E NOTE !  While this is NOT for the standalone    unit but for the coleco vision unit only, there are obvious         similarities betweene Z-80A micropressor, a clock circuit     for synchronization and two decoders.The clock circuit is made up of a 7.l9 MHz crystal oscillator.      The frequency is divided by two using a "D  flip-flop.  This new    frequency is the 3.58 MHz that is required for color burst.The decorders are sued to translate portions of the address bus  to select the VDP, RAM, Cartridge ROM, System ROM and the grounds  for the handcontrollers.The Z-80A uses two busses, address and data.  The Address Bus       (A0-Al5) uls and a sixteen bit address      bus.  The support circuitry consists of a clock, reset circuitry    and decoders.The video section is made up of Texas Instrumetn's 9928 Video       Display Processor (VDP) and eight Video RAM (VRAM).  The VDP        interfaces to the CPU via the eight bit data bus and four control   signals, CSW, CSR,Mode (A0) and NMI.  VRAM interfaces to the VDP    vai an eight bit bidirectional address/data bus, a unidirectional   eight bit data bus and three control lines, RAS, CAS a.  Actually, you've seen them both before, at  a party you attended a short time ago.  While you listen to the       chatter between Zaphod and Ford, you can begin to drop some items   here.  You can drop the plotter, screwdriver, gown, and signalling        device.  By this time, everyone else has gone to the sauna,         leaving you alone on the Bridge with Eddie, the shipboard           computer.  Don't mind Eddie, he's a little over-protective, but     he's a good sort at heart.  In fact, you can pr       outputs the RF modulated signal.  Either channel 3 or 4 carrier     frequencies can be selected by the channel selector switch.ColeoVision uses three types of memory:  System Read Only Memory    (ROM), cartridge ROM, and Random Access Memory (RAM).  The system   ROM contains frequently used sub-routines.  Cartridge ROM           conctains patterns and game rules for a particular game.  RTAM is   used to store temporary information (scores, motion variables,      etc.).  The CPU is comprised of th the two systems.SYSTEM DESCRIPTION:  ColecoVision contains five basic parts:  the   Central Processing Unit (CPU), the video section, the audio         section, the RF modulator and memory.  The game has two             handcontroller ports to input data and an expansion port which      outputs the entire CPU bus, CPU control lines and selected inputs   to the RF modulator, onto a 60 pin edge connector.The CPU consists of a Z-80A microprocessor and support circuitry.   The Z-80A has an eight bit data bprovides addresses for the memory (upto 64K bytres         unidirectional ) data exchanges and for I/O device data  exchanges.  The Data Bus (D0-D7) consists of an 8 bit tri-state bidirectional data bus.  It is used for data exchanges with  emmroy and I/O devices.   In Addition to the two busses the Z-80A has several control         signals.MACHINE CYCLE ONE (Ml) indicates the current machine cycle is the   OP code fetch cycle of an instruction execution.  Ouput, active     low.  MEMORY REQUESST (MRE  Drop the real tea (you will automatically pick up the No Tea).     Remove the dangly bit from the tea substitute, and put it in the    real tea.  You have one more little trip to make.  First,  however, drop everything you are carrying except the Babel Fish  and the     Aunt's Thing (yes, you have it again, you just can't get  rid of    it).  Push the switch on the Drive.  After a short stay in the dark,     you will find yourself in the whale's tummy (it may, however,  take more than try to get here,  CPU wants to read data from memory    or an I/O device.  The addressed I/O device or memory should use    this signal to gate data onto the CPU data bus.  Tri-state  output, active low.   MEMORY WRITE (WR) indicates the CPU data bus holds valid data to    be stored in the addressed memory or I/O device.  Tri-state         output, active low.REFRESH (RFSH) indictes the lower seven bits of the address bus     contain a refresh address for dynamic memories and the current      MREQ signal should be used tmeeting Rob was great.  I actually met    him briefly before, when he dropped into AdamCon 02, but since I   was hard at work at the registration table at the time, I barely   had time to say "Hi" before he disappeared into the opening        reception. It's an unforgettable experience meeting people you know well,    but have never seen before.  The opening reception at AdamCon 01   was somewhat overwhelming, but getting to know Rob in person       after reading so many messages from him was the closest  to enter wait states for as long as this signal is active.  Input active low.INTERRUPT REQUEST (INT) signal is generated by I/O devices.  A      request will be honored at the end of the current instruction if    the internal software controlled interrupt enaable flip-flop (FF)   is enabled.  Input, active l0w.   find, at last, a cup of      REAL tea.  Get the cup (you will drop the No Tea), but don't  drink it!!  Bring it to the Bridge.Q) signal indicates the address bus holds a     valid address for a memory read or memory write operation.  Tri-    state output, active low.  INPUT/OUTPUT REQUEST(IORQ) signal indicates the lower half of the   address bus holds a valid I/O address for an I/O read or write      operations.  An IORQ signal is also generated when an interrupt  is being acknowledged to indicate that an interrupt response  vector   can be placed on the data bus.  Tri-state output, active  low.  MEMORY READ(RD) indicates the‚CяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяя#:   28704 S9/ADAMania     29-Oct-94 08:18:45Sb:  #AdamCon 06 highlightsFm:  Neil Wick 71056,613To:  All I just wanted to mention quickly some of the highights of the     AdamCon I just attended.  In no particular order: Rob Friedman:  Actually o do a refresh read to all dynamic      memories.  Output active low.HALT STATE (HALT) indicates the CPU has executed a HALT software    instruciton and is awaiting either a non-maskable or a maskable     interrupt (with the mask enabled) before operation can resume.      While halted, the CPU executes NOP's to maintain memory refresh     activity.  Output, active low.  WAIT (WAIT) indicates to the Z-80A CPU that the addressed memory    or I/O devices are not ready for data transfer.  The CPU  continuesI          remember coming to that since. As usual, Rob gave me a hard time and wouldn't tell me who he     was.  I finally had to actually ask him, "Who are you?" Even then  he gave me a hard time. Hands-on sessions:  They claim that hands-on sessions have been   done before, but I don't think any previous AdamCons have done it  as well.  It'll be a hard act to follow, but we'll have to try,    because the results were astounding. The difference between just listening to a presentation and       actutrying to do *something* else at the same time.  It's all          becoming a blur.  Too much to do and to see.) Marc Epstein:  We all know that several prominent Adamites have   given up their Adam work lately, so it's really great to see an    enthusiastic new Adam owner.  It gives a lot of great ideas to     the developer people who are looking for challenging projects to   tackle.  Marc lives in Tucson, Arizona, and doesn't seem to have   other Adam owners in the neighbourhood, so I'm sure he enjoyed seminars.  I was a bit of a slow start, due to lack of expected    disk drives, but I it turned out great when Dale came to the       rescue with some DDPs. Chris Braymen:  I must say that Chris Braymen's demonstration     was great, and he wasn't even there!  He did a great               demonstration (on video tape) of how to compose music on SEQuel    version 2.  Faye Deere, who was sitting close to me kept saying,   "I hate him.  I hate him.  I hate him." I think she was jealous    that he made it lI don't think we     had such a meeting last year). I've probably forgotten some really important thing, but that's   all that comes to mind at the moment.  I can't report on the       graphics stuff, even though graphics is one of my favourite        things.  Frances Clee managed to ban me from all graphics          seminars in case I'd make her even more nervous than she already   was.  I feel sorry for PJ, who I think conducted more sessions     than anyone else, so probably didn't attend many, but frohave to do that part over," and a few times I wasn't sure what he  was getting at, but by the end of the session, I'm sure I          detected some error in the final composition!  I may become a      musician yet!  And I noticed that Faye was anxiously inquiring     about the cost of acquiring a MIDI setup. I should mention that Chris's chess program was a major           highlight too, but I only got a brief glimpse of it, because I     was watching the MIDI demo during Zonker's demo.  (At least I was  ally doing stuff is dramatic.  I've watched Dale do machine    language programming and I've done Z-80 programming on other       computers, but until Dale's seminar, I've never actually written   and run a machine language program on the Adam. I'm sure most of those who attended this session had *never*      written a machine language program before.  The program we made    didn't really do all that much, but it's a great starting point. The other hands-on sessions I attended were Tom Keene's VDE           his first AdamCon as much as we enjoyed having him there. Minor highlights:  custom-made sterling silver "Adam" jewellery   (what's that guy's name?--I forget), the hotel (probably the       nicest we've ever held an AdamCon in--even a live band Saturday    night), the fantastic classroom setups (I guess I mentioned it     before--many thanks to the workers who set this up, kept it        running, and took it down afterwards), the developer's meeting     (too bad there weren't more developers there--ook so easy. Even it it did look easy, even Chris is not perfect.  He made     and corrected several mistakes in composing his piece.  I think    that's really important, because people get the impression that    you need some sort of inborn magic to create anything (music,      computer programs, newletter articles, pictures).  It's not        magic, it's just hard work. I think I even started to understand it by the end of the         presentation.  Chris kept saying, "No, that's not right.  We'll    m what I  understand Pat was in her glory with a wonderful Adam Graphics     Lab at her disposal. I have to thank Rich Drushel who disassembled nearly every piece  of Adam hardware he could find in order to show us the guts.  In   fact, by popular demand.  He actually disassembled some items      twice, so that people who missed it the first time could see what  he showed the first crowd.  His notes were great and his           explanations were among the best of any presenter. (And you thought Dale wro on ACON6.REPAIR     Phil Kosowski's excellent article from the ADAM           Survival Guide on ADAM Repairs.TCJ-001   The very first in a series of Z-system articles by          Ron Mitchell which are appearing in the Computer          Journal.  The Computer journal is the only magazine          still supporting classic hardware systems and          deserves our support.  See the heading in the article          for information on how you can help.WINDOW    Setting the size of the text window i‚BяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяя                      THE ADAM NEWS NETWORK                    AUGUST, 1994 PUBLICATIONThe FRONT SIDE of this disk contains Articles and other text      filess and the BACK SIDE consists of what may well be the finest  ADAM program ever written sincook so easy. Even it it did look easy, even Chris is not perfect.  He made     and corrected several mistakes in composing his piece.  I think    that's really important, because people get the impression that    you need some sort of inborn magic to create anything (music,      computer programs, newletter articles, pictures).  It's not        magic, it's just hard work. I think I even started to understand it by the end of the         presentation.  Chris kept saying, "No, that's not right.  We'll    tory of the ADAM, from the ADAM Survival Guide           by Phil Kosowski, former Coleco employee.HITCHIKR   Guidance on the playing of the Hitchhiker's Guide to           the Galaxy game by an unknown source.MODS-TCH   Article originally perpared by an unknown author for           possible use in the ADAM Survival Guide, but not           included in the final publication.  This is           interesting and valuable information, none the less.NEIL       A Fidonet message (I think),from Neil Wickte long messages) Neilin the    real tea.  You have one more little trip to make.  First,  however, drop everything you are carrying except the Babel Fish  and the     Aunt's Thing (yes, you have it again, you just can't get  rid of    it).  Push the switch on the Drive.  After a short stay in the dark,     you will find yourself in the whale's tummy (it may, however,  take more than try to get here, n SmartBasic          by Keith Jefferson of SLAUG.SIDE #2.  Self Booting MODEM CHESS program by Chris Braymen          prepared for and distributed during ADAMCON 06. there!  He did a great               demonstration (on video tape) of how to compose music on SEQuel    version 2.  Faye Deere, who was sitting close to me kept saying,   "I hate him.  I hate him.  I hate him." I think she was jealous    that he made it le the demise of Coleco, certainly   it is the finest public domain program:  Chris Braymen's MODEM    CHESS!!!SIDE #1:463SWTIP   Speedy Write tips from Dean Rhoads of the 463 AUG.BASETERM   Fundamental ADAM terminology and information by           Richard CleeDALE       Message from Dale Wick on ADAMCON 06.DIVIDING   Article by Keith Jefferson, of SLAUG.HIST-ED    From the SmartWriters Handbook, a PD disk from            Eric Danz's ADAMzap Company and ADAM ZONE Publishers.HISTORY    The his‚DяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяMy Adam's broke what do I do? Well you can call Kosowsky's Adam     Repair or try to fix it yourself.  This chapter will cover          maintenance and simple trouble shooting for the Adam CPU and        printer.  I'm keeping this simple because the ave advance one line.   4.  The printer head should move to the right about one inch.   Power supply voltages - Get a male 9 pin D connector, plug this    into the end of the Adam power cord.  Turn power on and measure     the voltages.  Voltages should be Pin 5 is negative, Pin 4 -5,  Pin 3 +5, Pin 2 +12, Pin 1 +12, and between Pins 6 & 7 is the  Adam net this should be +5 volts(Pin 7 is negative).  There is a  self test  feature on the printer which test some of the printer  circuits.    To use this turn htly   rub off the brown stuff from the tape head.  The only maintenance   the printer requires is to clean the guide bars with a soft cloth   sprayed with silicon.  The guide bars are the two chrome plated     bars that the printer heads moves back and forth on.  If the        printer starts to squeak when the printer head moves, try  spraying some silicon on the shafts the pulley wheels are mounted  on. REPAIRS SECTION The best way to fix the Adam like any other        electronic item is to isolate the printer logic board.  Just about any problem that can exist in a    printer can be caused by the printer logic board.  This board       along with any other parts can be purchased from Kosowsky's Adam    Repair.  If this board goes bad or something else in the printer    which does not let you operate the electronic type writer.  You     can still operate the computer by just unplugging the four pin      connector that connects the power supply board to the printer       logic board.  Make sure you unplug tt at start up, prints garbage, prints  garbage   only when warm, daisy wheel spinning forever, noises,  printer      locking up during printing.  I like to cover some general  things   first like how to check start up sequence, power supply  voltages,  printer self test, etc.   The start up sequence - for the Adam printer should be the         following. 1.  Printer head should move all the way to the left side of the  printer. 2.  The daisy wheel should spin to home position.   3.  The roller shouldrage Adam owner    knows very little about electronics. MAINTENANCE SECTION - The Adam computer requires very little       maintenance, remember the old saying "If it ain't broke don't fix   it".  Beside keeping the Adam clean and dust free the CPU  requires no maintenance at all!  The data drive only requires routine cleaning of the read/write head.  The read/write head is    the metal block at the bottom center of the data drive.  Cleaning   is done by placing isopropyl alcohol on a cotton swab and ligoff the printer short out E8 against  the RF       shield with a metal object (example screw driver, knife,  etc) then turn on the printer and remove the screw driver.  You  will find E8 on the printer logic board near the front corner of the transformer and RF shield.  If working properly the printer     will type all characters on the daisy wheel.  The printer will      keep printing until the power is turned off.  Most of the time      when a printer does not work properly it is because of a faulty     problem.  The best way to do      this is by swapping parts with known good parts.  This section      will assume that you have swapped the printer, CPU, etc and know    which part is defective.  If you don't you might end up trying to   fix a part that you think is broken but is not.   PRINTER REPAIRS - Various types of common problems that can  occur with the printer are:  roller continuously advancing, no  ribbon    advance, not printing, no picture, no roller advance,  printing     head traveling righhe printer before reaching in   the printer to unplug the board.   If the roller keeps advancing when turned on - Take the top  cover off the printer off and check the switch inside of the gear  train.  Most of the Adam printers have contact points in this  gear train  which tend to break after awhile.  If the contact points are not broken then replace the printer logic board.   No ribbon advance or light printing - First remove the ribbon  and watch the printer advance mechanism while printing somethiic board.  If travel is not smooth  most    likely the problem is in the logic board.  If not it maybe  the     printer head itself.  It is very unlikely that the printer  head    motor is bad.  I fixing over two hundred Adam printers and I  have  not seen even one of these motors every go bad.  For the  people    that do not believe this and buy them anyways I have plently forsale!    Prints garbage when cold or only when warm - Replace the printer   logic board.    Daisy wheel spinning forever - Two one by placing the        butter knife under the top cover and moving it until hitting a      plastic pin.  Pry up a little then place the butter knife in a      different area and keep repeating until the cover is off.  Look     for any broken parts if ok cut and remove the ribbon off the left   spool and throw out the used ribbon.  Then splice the unused        ribbon from the right spool onto the left spool using some tape.    Wind the ribbon around the left spool a couple of times then        replace thINTER then bend the      shield forward.  Be careful not to bend it to far forward or the    printer head will get caught on it when moving back and forth.      Another possible cause of noise is loose screws.  Remove the  power supply chassis and check the four screws that hold down the         transformer.  If the screws are loose the transformer will make a   humming noise.  All screws on the power supply chassis should be    locked with a sealer after tighting.  This is so the screws do  not vibrate loode when     printer is turned on.  - Check the switch which is located on the   left side of the printer head or on the inside left side of the     printer.  This switch should be closed and the printer head opens   the switch when it comes across.  If this switch is contact  points bend so it is closed and will open when the printer head  comes     across.  If the switch is a micro switch check with a ohm  meter    and replace if faulty.  If the switch is not the problem  then      replaced the printer logng.   If  the plastic cross that advances the ribbon does not turn then  the  problem is most likely in the printer logic board but maybe  in the printer head itself.  If the advance works the problem is  in the   printer ribbon itself.  Try advancing the ribbon by hand  while it  is out of the printer using the knob on the top of the  ribbon.  If the ribbon is hard to advance first remove the rubber  o-ring then  open up the ribbon cartridge.  Use a thin piece of metal like a dull butter knife.  This is dthings can cause this either    the motion senor in the printer head is bad or the printer logic    board is bad.  I would try replacing the printer logic boards       first it goes more often.   Noises - Such as humming or buzzing comming from inside the        printer.  Well there are three things to check that might cause     this.  The transformer shield might be to close to the              transformer.  This will cause a buzzing noise when the printer is   first turned on.  To fix this UNPLUG THE PRe top and o-ring.  Try advancing with your hand to make   sure the ribbon turns freely.  Not printing again most likely  this is in the printer logic board but may also be in the printer  head  itself.   No picture - Check the power supply voltages if voltages are not   correct replace power supply.   No roller advance - Most likely it is in the printer logic  board.  But may also be caused by the motor on the gear train not          functioning. Printer head traveling right or bumping against left sise from the power being turned on and off.  I  found     finger nail polish works good.  The third thing that can  cause a   buzzing noise is on the back side of the power chassis.   There is  a shield that if the parts under the shield are to close  will      cause a buzzing noise.  With the power supply UNPLUGGED take  off   the shield and move or tape with electronic tape any part  that is  to close to the shield. Locks up during printing this is caused by the gears in the gear   train not meshing all remove   the metal shields and then power up your CPU.  If your problem is   solved then what happened was something was shorted on a shield.    Put the shields back on so nothing is shorted and try again.   Keep adjusting the shields until the shorting problem is eliminated.  If without the shields the problem still exist then    try swapping boards to determine which board the problem is in.     Most likely no sound or defective screen will be in the game  board (top board).  No screen can be in either ghen getting a read error first clean the data     drive head then try storing on a new tape.  If the problem  persist check the tape drive speed setting using either speed  tester V1.0  or speed tester V2.0.  Both of these software programs are available in the public domain.  The speed adjusting   screw is located on the bottom of the drive for both the US and     old style JVC drives.  The speed adjustment screw is located on     the top of the drive for the new style JVC drives.  If you still    have a  a screen but will not print - First unplug the keyboard       cable plug on the CPU, next try a new cable.  If this does not      work unplug the cable and look at the keyboard plugs on the CPU     and keyboard itself.  What you are looking for is to see if the     wires in the keyboard connector looks ok or if they are bent or     broken.  If connector wires are not ok replace connector.   Testing - After a repair is done the item should be tested.  If    it is a printer just see if it function correctlnew  tape.  If you get a error reading give up and send the CPU to get  it     repaired.  The repair is pass the average persons ability.   Buying special chips taking a stab at maybe fixing the problem is  not     economical.   No screen - Try unplugging the tape drive from the CPU.  A         shorted out tape drive or a tape drive plugged in wronge can  blank out the screen.   No sound, no screen or defective screen - First check the          voltages of the power supply.  If ok then open up your CPU the time.  If this happens turn the roller    backwards atleast a quarter of a turn.  This will unlock the  gears and allow you to print.  If this problem happens often  replace the gear train.   CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) also know as the memory console -    The various types of common problems that can occur with the CPU    are:  error readings, no sound, no screen, defective screen,        printer does not print screen, and keyboard will not display        characters on screen.   Error reading - Wame or logic  boards.     With no screen try removing socketed chips and replacing  them back in their sockets one at a time.  Try powering up the unit, if you still have the problem send the CPU for repair.   Printer does not print screen - First unplug the keyboard cable    from the CPU and connect it in the oppsite keyboard cable plug on   the CPU.  If the CPU will still not print take apart the CPU and    try without the shields.  If the CPU still does not print send in   the CPU for repair.   Haveread error then the problem is either your data drive or  in the CPU.  The only easy way to tell which is the defective  part is by swapping with a known good drive.  If the problem is  in the CPU you will have to open up your CPU.  Remove the metal shields and try storing again.  Next step is to remove the metal    shields and try one at a time removing the socketed chips on the    logic board (bottom board) then replacing the chips back in the     same sockets.  Try storing on the know good drive with a y.  Then leave  the printer on for three hours then check to see if it still  function  correctly.  This is done to see if there is a heating up  problem   in one of the boards.  For the CPU test it is a little  more        complex.  The menu test, the one hour burn in test, and vram  test  should be used for complete testing.  These are tests that  Coleco  developed and are in the public domain.  First run through  the     menu test than the one hour burn in test.  After passing  these     test run the vra capital is down to 4 or 5 stalwarts. We need more. They are out there and they are  listening,  but somehow we're missing them.  Since the responsibility for communication rests with the party having          something to communicate, perhaps we need to try a different  tack. I will take suggestions from anywhere and everywhere as to  what that   tack should be. If you're an old hand, I'll take your advice. If you're a novice I'll take your questions.This is the beginning of what will hopefully be a s‚FяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяReprinted from The Computer Journal, the only magazine still          supporting classic hardware systems. Subscriptions are only $24 a     year ($32.00 Canada).  Ror a free sample, call 1-800-424-8825, or     TCJ BOX 535 Lincoln, CA 95648.Note:  Thisllection of computer printouts exploring      ZCPR2. No dates, no names - except for the source code listing at     the back of the book. "Z-80 Based Command Processor Replacement       Version 2.0" Copyright 1982 1983 by Richard Conn.2) "ZCPR3 The Manual" copyright 1985, New York Zoetrope, Inc ISBN     0-918432-59-6.3) "NZ-COM The Automatic Z-System" Copyright l988 by Jay Sage and     Bridger (no relation) Mitchell. 4) "Z3PLUS The Z-System for CP/M Plus" Copyright 1988 by Jay Sage     and    Bridger    some of us are into Z-System, the subject of this article,  and       hopefully more to follow. Being a newcomer to ZED is quite an         adventure. I've only just started.  Sometimes I can learn more        efficiently by trying to explain things to other people. Read on.If you're already a whizbang genius in Z-System, you might find  this series a little slow. Still I would like to hear from you.  We need   to interest new people in old things. The population of  my CP/M      group here in Canada'sm test.  One last test is required which is  to     store a file on a blank tape.  For some reason the menu and  one    hour burn in test do not completely or correctly check  storing on  blank tapes.  ting the Guide tells you that           Bugblatters are incredibly stupid, which is certainly the case.     In the meantime, the Beast is bearing on you, demanding your  name.  Don't be shy, introduce yourself, then run like heck East  out of  the Lair. eries of  articles on Z3PLUS and NZ-COM, the world of Z-System. It will be  written from a newcomer's point of view because that's the only one I've got. We'll deal with the pluses, payoffs, the prices and     pains that come when you decide to learn something new. As I          experience them, you'll read about them. Perhaps I'll be able to      carry on for a page or two.I have here four books, which will need to be mastered if this is     not to be a severely short series.  1) A loose leaf bound co is the first in a series of articles by Ron Mitchell.     The second in the series will appear in the October, 1994 ANN.The Great White "ZED"by Ron MitchellCanada is known for many things; water, snow, arctic air, the         Toronto Blue Jays.We also mis-pronounce the letter Z. Up here it's ZED. It probably     has something to do with the fact that winter is 6 months long.  It   tends to freeze the brain and distort our speech.Nonetheless, there's a healthy contingent of Canadian CP/M-ers  andMitchell. It's a start. The last two are yours when you purchase Z3PLUS or NZ-COM from  Jay   Sage whose business address appears elsewhere in this issue  of TCJ.  More follows about that later on and also about the difference between the two.First we need to exchange a few pieces of philosophy, and to fix      firmly in mind some concepts. That will probably take the balance  of this article and perhaps some of the next. It is important to         understand why Z-System is worth our attention at ale take, we teach and     learn. What goes around comes around, and as it turns out the         quality of our experience usually has something to do with what  we   contribute. There is always something new to be learned when it comes to          computers.  The old machines can teach the hobbyist much about  the   new ones.  At very modest cost, they can show us whether or  not      we're even interested. Despite the claims of some that eight- bit     computing is dead, there is a very real role to be plrally make a small computer       sing. I feel that I want to give something back to these people,      without whose efforts my experience of hobbyist computing would  have been far less satisfying than it has been. I have met other people who regularly have more questions than        answers. They come to user group meetings armed with long written     accounts of their experiences. Their notes form an agenda for  club   meetings everywhere and they provide their contribution by  being     curious, atteuction and execute it, nothing more,  nothing   less. So if you've just picked up a venerable old beast from the local      garage sale and you've blown away the dust and cobweb, welcome.  Your local computer supplier may not even know what CP/M is, and  most     likely will not be of much help. Some salesmen, recognizing  that     they're not about to make an instant 'G' or two won't even  give you  the time of day. In your local neighbourhood, you are likely to be all by yourself. But there is help, anthout saying a word. Chances are they joined your user group because it seemed like a good thing to do, but  they  don't believe they have very much to offer. Worse yet, some  members  of this category will turn out with the single hope of getting something for nothing, something that they didn't have  when  the walked through the door. They don't think too much about          contributing.Each of us probably has the potential to fit into all three           categories at one time or another. We give, wl. It is also     important to understand what an operating system, any operating       system, does for a computer. First the philosophy.What goes around comes around. In my ten years as an unpaid           professional computer hobbyist of novice standing I have met many     wonderful people. These people have been of immense help to me as  I  learn how to compute and why computers work at all. Some of  these    people border on gifted levels of intelligence, if not outright genius. They can quite liteayed by  a       machine whose every processor cycle can be readily understood  by     anyone who has just a little time and inclination to be  curious and  to think for himself. Contrary to the popular hype, the inner workings are not as complicated as they are made out to     be. The math deals with quantities that are understandable and  yet   the principles apply whether you're dealing in K or in MEG. A         microprocessor may be a Pentium or a Z-80, but it's job remains  to   fetch a computer instrntive and persistent. These people give the  willing     guru something useful to do while at the same time serving as a necessary thorn in his side.There is a third category. These are users who bought a home          computer for a specific purpose such as word processing and who's     ambitions might never drive them to produce a program or ask a        question. If they show up at user group meetings at all, they  will   stare at the presenter of a topic glassy eyed for a full 40  minute   session wid perhaps  someday you'll be in a position to provide it to someone else. Perhaps not a dollar will change hands.What does all of this have to do with the Great White ZED? Plenty. It's my aim to dispel some of the ignorance about  operating  systems in general and CP/M 2.2 in particular. That's just a side objective. The chief aim is to describe in detail as      understandable as I can make it just how Z-System capitalizes on      CP/M's strengths while providing for some pretty impressive           kit of      tools indeed, by providing  Z-System into and many many  ways of      making your use of an eight bit computer more productive  that you    could have imagined. To begin at the beginning....Consider the situation that would prevail if there were no  physical  connection available between your brain and your left (or right) big toe. Let's assume for the sake of arguement that  your brain had been informed somehow about the existance of toes  and      their general purpose in kicking things aloading  all of that I mentioned that I was interested in CP/M. The silence that followed almost flattened me. And then someone said,     (roughly paraphrased )"Well I would have been interested in CP/M too, except that I've      never seen it do anything useful." And that, believe it or not is a fairly common perception.In this day and age of impressive visuals and Graphic User            Interfaces, (GUI's) the poor old operating system doesn't get  much   attention any more. Getting down to the 'Dkull and think pure thoughts. There would  be no possibility of getting into action of any sort. Fortunately for most of us there is a connection between the  brain   and it's peripherals. If you kick the wall with your big  toe you'll  soon find that the connection is alive and well. Your brain is able to initiate the action of kicking by sending a  rather  complex set of messages to the leg and the toe doing the  kicking.    The complex set of messages received from the big toe following the action pe out of the  operating   system. What is annoying however is the ficticious hype  that         subsequently develops when these people try to give advice  to        others. The statement about CP/M not doing anything useful is         typical.So let us quickly see what CP/M does, without belabouring the  topic  too heavily. Then let's see what it does not do and focus  our        attention on firmly on 'ZED' in order to see how some very  talented  hobbyists have, over the past few years given us quite a  improvements at the same time. I want to do that, and in doing so  to leave you with more knowledge about the operating system that  your   dusty old Z-80 uses to do its thing. My reward will be hearing fewer stories like the one that follows. Having just joined a rather large computer club here in town a  year  or so ago, I met a few of the members and introduced myself.  There   was the usual session of 'show and tell' as I described my  own       background as a computer hobbyist. In the course of unround. Perhaps there  was a  ROM chip somewhere in your psyche that informed your brain  about     these things each morning when it powered up, providing  just enough  detail to get the brain curious. This ROM chip, if it was that smart, would no doubt provide other information too  about   eyes, fingers, arms and all sorts of other strange things  required   to make the brain's life more interesting. Without this  sort of      information, all your brain could do would be to sit around encased in your sOS prompt' as they  call it is something seldom done much by the average Windows enthusiast. Straying that far into uncharted territory is seen as     being too technical. Most users prefer to stay closely linked  with   the application that is doing the job they want done, and to  leave   the underpinnings to the experts.There's nothing wrong with any of this given that the category of     users last described a few paraprahps ago exists and it's members     are probably doing us all a favour by stayingrformed is known as pain.Now it could well be that there is memory somewhere in the scull.     Not just ROM, but also RAM. If the brain had had the presence of      mind to search this memory for prior occurences of pain related  to   kicking things, it might have dispensed with the whole idea.  The bet is fairly certain that if the memory was not recorded before it certainly will be now. And perhaps next time the brain      will think twice. The analogy could be extended much further, but the point is   The user hasn't typed a thing in several minutes.                He may have fallen asleep.Big P:         Humans! Can't live with 'em, can't live without                'em.               Ok, next instruction please. What! Who does he               think I am...some kind of trapeeze artist?                Jump where?PC:            We're way up in high memory, sir. Number One is                using the CCP to re-try the prompt. No response                so far.Big P:         Well at least ws, printers, light pens,                keyboards, whatever you have hooked up). The script might look something like this. There are a few            characters; the processor or 'BIG P', a keyboard whom we'll call  'K' for short, and a disk drive named 'Screwup'.  PC stands for  Program  Counter which is actually within the processor. Finally,  our         operating system is called CP/M. The conversation goes something like this.Big P:         Who wrote this mess? PC where are we? I've been       e I can I can tell you how to execute                it right away.Big P:         And what it it's not?CP/M:          Then we'll go to the directory that Screwup has                provided from the disk and check to see if there's                a program by that name.Big P:         Make it so Number One!And on we go. This little scenario may not perhaps be completely      accurate, but it does convey in general terms the relationship  that  exists between the processor and the operating systemfrom                the keyboard. Big P:         You're awaiting a what from where? Number One,                what the hell is a keyboard?CP/M:          We have one out there sir, don't concern yourself                with the port number or the detail, I'll keep                track of that.  One moment, I'll see if it has a                character ready.Big P:         Make it so Number One,  haven't got all day. CP/M:          Sir..... keyboard says it has no character ready.               this.   While a microprocessor can fetch and execute millions of              instructions per second, there won't be much point in such  furious   activity unless something happens in the outside world.  The          operating system allows the microprocessor to connect to the  outside world giving it access to what are commonly referred to  as           'resources'.                memory (ROM and RAM)                  peripherals (monitors, TV's, disk drives, modems,               speech synthesizere're not waiting for Screwup to                load another 128 bytes. When that starts we'll                be here all day. CP/M:          Sir, K reports the user has typed a character. And                another.... and another.....and here it comes.....               Yes! A return.Big P:         Amazing, What's all this? What did you do Number                One, prompt him or something?   DIR what's DIR?CP/M:          Let me check my resident command table, sir. If                it's  ther        sitting here waiting for Screwup to load the boot                block. You would think we were running the  complete               works of Bill Gates!  PC:            Somewhere in the Console Command Processor, sir.                 CCP has control and is not reporting a specific                Hex address at this time.Big P:         Number One will you get it together and tell me                what we're doing. And what's a CCP?CP/M:          One moment sir, we're awaiting a character . To  make the   point once again in human terms, if you had no operating  system, you might be able to think about moving your arm, but you certainly wouldn't be able to do it.We'll come back to system architecture as the need arises. At  this   point we've said enough about it to allow you to realize  that  your  whizbang Z80-A functions something like a jellyfish without legs. The real work of managing system resources is done  by  CP/M, and part of CP/M is the Console Command Processor. As  the name designed to do the job at hand without      carrying program baggage not needed for that job. With CP/M the       payoff was being able to use applications designed for other          machines, and feeling at home with whatever CP/M machine came to      hand.  The biggest payoff was an improved understanding of how my     computer functions when equipped with only a minimum amount of        program code.These are things worth knowing. Consider this. A 64K computer has     65,536 bytes of memory availableare located within and are  known to the CP/M operating system, and with them you can:-    Obtain a directory of the currently logged storage media,-    Type out a text or ASCII file,-    Rename a file,-    Erase a file from the directory,-    Change user areas on your currently logged storage media,-    Save a portion of RAM to a file on the storage media.The commands, listed in order are: DIR TYPE REN ERA USER SAVE.And that's all. It's not much really, when you think about it in  a   certalf of your computer's memory is taken up with things over which     you have no control. That leaves the other half for your program  or  your wordprocessor file.So...you say, that's life in the fast lane, so what! Well, not        necessarily. For example, by running your application from BASIC,     you are carrying with you a complete set of mathematical routines     including floating point representation and all the math formulae     that Pythagoras wished he had access to.  You may not be able to    things as well without even loading a program. Now suddenly you have been reduced to much less than  that,  and you can't even add two plus two any more. I don't know  about     you, but it took me a long time to understand that the price of shedding layers of software right down to the operating      system was a loss of capability that others had given to me  through  their applications, including a BASIC interpreter. The payoff was being able to run larger and more efficient applications specifically would indicate, it is the CCP's job to process commands.  You the     user are going to sit there and issue commands, one after  another,   all night, sometimes several on one line. Those commands  are going   to result, hopefully, in something useful happening. Now in our little scenario there was reference to a table of          resident commands. Under CP/M 2.2 you can do 6  things without        reference to anyother application or utility or computer program  of  any sort. These 6 resident commands . You will most definately use a      chunk of this memory for various housekeeping functions such as       putting a picture on your monitor or opening a file on your disk      drive. Your operating system, whatever brand it be, will take up      around 8000 to 10000 bytes of memory, some less, some more. If  you   use BASIC as a 'platform' for all of your work, you're going  to use  between 24000 and 30000 additional bytes of memory that  your BASIC   interpreter will require. That means that at least hain sense, but you will be surprised as you use any  operating    system how may thousands of times you come back to these basic operations.    If you're a newcomer to CP/M , at this point you have every right  to feel taken and somewhat disappointed. You've no doubt learned  about  some of the other things that your computer is capable of,  and       perhaps you've even dabbled in your machine's version of  BASIC to    some extent, where you can at least add two plus two and  do a fair   number of other   access it with your wordprocessing program. You are carrying  around  but may not be able to access a complete set of graphics  and         plotting routines available in most forms of BASIC. All of  these     routines are occupying memory space underneath your wordprocessor that could be used to give you more space for your  own file. You pay a price not only in space but in speed of  execution.   Depending on the application, this could all be unnecessary overhead.What CP/M allows us in addition to CAPABILITY or TCAP.Z-System allows you to specify your TCAP once when you first  install it. From then on that becomes part of your operating system and is conveyed to any application program that you happen  to be running. If the application is Z-system compatible, it does  not   need to be installed, it simply says to the operating system,  "Ok    where am I and which terminal has he got hooked up this  time?" The   information is there.Another particularly frustrating item of business that Z-System ere somehow left hanging when CP/M hit the          streets. Let's deal with two of those, because as a new user  their   absence almost caused me to discard CP/M entirely until I  found out  what I was doing. A few fellow users have fallen by the  wayside over these things.One friend of mine who ventured into CP/M concluded flatly that  most of the public domain programs he had tried on his computer  did not   work. What he meant to say was that they did not work 'right out of the box'. They had to be i."Right! It does just that, leaving you to invent whatever  swearwords  your frame of mind suggests to you.  They will be colourful. Experienced CP/M-ers have told me that this is a  holdover from the days when it was considered important to protect certain classes of user from themselves. It was a safety      mechanism to prevent the possibility of something being written  to   the wrong disk. Z-System eliminates the requirement and you  are on   your own to decide what disk you should and should not bic set of what are known as 'escape codes'. We'll talk more about these      codes later.  For the moment, suffice it to say that without  them,   CP/M does not know how clear your screen, position the cursor on your screen, insert or delete a line of text, insert or     delete a character, turn on the highlighting or bright video that     your terminal can do, and a number of other functions which are  said to be 'terminal specific'. Taken together, these functions  are       referred to as the TERMINAL the six resident commands  noted   previously is a toolkit of elementary abilities without  which not    much of anything useful could be done at all. We will get to these tools in the next article. In the meantime, I want  to   finish off this one by setting the stage for Z-System. The            capabilities provided by CP/M 2.2 and CP/M 3.0 are there and they     are important, there's no dispute about that. But there are  certain  things that we would like the operating system to be capable of which w      takes care of is the dreaded error message:BDOS Error on A: R/OIf you have not yet encountered this error message on your stock      CP/M system then it's probably safe to say that you haven't yet       loaded CP/M or used it for very much. My manual explains it this      way:"Drive has been assigned Read-Only status with a STAT command, or     the media in the drive has been changed without being initialized     with a CONTROL-C. CP/M terminates the current program as soon as  you press any keynstalled or amended to        provide for proper operation on his particular terminal. His          particular terminal was somewhat different from my particular         terminal. We had not been to the same garage sale. But, claimed my friend, CP/M is supposed to allow programs to run  on a wide variety of computers. And that is certainly true to be sure except there is one thing  that hasn't been said. Under stock CP/M (2.2 or 3.0) the program  you want to run must be 'overlayed' to recognize a specife  writing    to. Of course with that freedom comes the responsibility  of keeping  track. This is by and large not a big deal.These are only two advantages of Z-System. Next time we'll talk       about many, many more that are even more major.in general and CP/M 2.2 in particular. That's just a side objective. The chief aim is to describe in detail as      understandable as I can make it just how Z-System capitalizes on      CP/M's strengths while providing for some pretty impressive              simply copied from that section of memory.  The boundaries of the   memory section are set by ADAM to 31 columns by 24 rows.  You       change the size of this "window" by changing numbers in the 4       memory locations.Caution:  While it is possible to put any number (0 to 255)  in     these locations, you can create a situation in which ADAM is not    putting characters on the screen, or one in which ADAM has no       place in memory to place screen information.  If you do this, you   will get unsa‚DяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяЮяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяя                      Your Text Window                      ****************SETTING THE SIZE OF THE TEXT WINDOW: If your television screen seems too small for SmartBasic            (because characters disappear off the left or right edge),   or  if margin addresses when     BASIC is first booted up, and after the TEXT command, so you must   enter TEXT after changing the  dimensions of your window. le, by running your application from BASIC,     you are carrying with you a complete set of mathematical routines     including floating point representation and all the math formulae     that Pythagoras wished he had access to.  You may not be able to    Address is "; seek + 1 80 PRINT TAB(5); "Present Value is "; PEEK(seek + 1) 90 PRINT "Columns Address is "; seek + 2100 PRINT TAB(5); "Present Value is "; PEEK(seek + 2)110 PRINT "Top Line Address is "; seek + 4120 PRINT TAB(5); "Present Value is "; PEEK(seek + 4)130 PRINT "Left Margin Address is "; seek + 5140 PRINT TAB(5); "Present Value is "; PEEK(seek + 5)150 PR#0Explanation:  Text displayed on ADAM's screen is actually a  map    of a portion of ADAM's memory.  What you see on the screen is    improvements at the same time. I want to do that, and in doing so  to leave you with more knowledge about the operating system that  your   dusty old Z-80 uses to do its thing. My reward will be hearing fewer stories like the one that follows. Having just joined a rather large computer club here in town a  year  or so ago, I met a few of the members and introduced myself.  There   was the usual session of 'show and tell' as I described my  own       background as a computer hobbyist. In the course of untisfactory results, and likely wind up re-booting      BASIC.  When you RUN the program, it will display the current value         stored in each location.  This value is called the DEFAULT    value (the number stored in that location when BASIC is       booted.)To change the number of lines, POKE a number (between 3 and  23)    into the "Lines Address" that you obtained when you ran the         program.  After you POKE this location, it is necessary to enter    the TEXT command.  ADAM only looks at the you want to have your text appear in a "Window" on one section  of  the screen, here is a program that will help.The program peeks into Basic and finds four important memory        addresses.  It is written to list these locations on your           printer: 10 PRINT "Put paper in the printer." : PRINT 20 PRINT "Press any key when ready." : GET a$ 30 PR#1 40 seek = 16000 50 IF PEEK(seek) = 1 AND PEEK(seek + 3) = 17 AND PEEK(seek  +      11) = 8 THEN 70 60 seek = seek + 1 : GOTO 50 70 PRINT "Lines 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