يEيCfأçü       Initializing Media      programs as follows:Our distribution of Nick Lukach's collection of ADAMCALC abd      related SmartBasic files continues with:1) INDEX  A SmartBasic program which cleverly scrolls screens of          text explaining each of his other files on this disk.2) ERLYQPSB   Simulated Spreadsheet compares Quebec & Canada               (QPP vs CPP) Pension plans.3) ERLYRRSP   Effects of earlier Pension Plan investing4) GICANRIFsb   Retirement/investment alternatives5) CPRINVPPsb  Compares invest certifiFIRST DIR  پUھے BOOT       گDIRECTORY  طREADMEH   loanvarySBA=WerlyrrspSBA
ôWerlyqppSBAے¼WgicanrifSBA„WcprinvppSBA#WbuyrentSBAےûWlessonsSBAے$OWenvelopeSBA+@WenvbudgtSBA3UWindexAےےےےے8sWADAMDOSH  <GLEANH    N€INFOCOMH  f€LOGO18H   …€LOGO19H   ٹLOGO20H   ڈ by the         following:11) INFOCOM   INFOCOM Game tips.  Barry says that CPMers play              these games.  I have not seen them but would              welcome their submission for ANN publishing if,              of course, they are PD.David Cobley of the VISA Newsletter, The ADVISA sent us:12) GLEANING   The monthly composite of news and comments from               across the vast ADAM community by David Sands.Ron Mitchell of the Ottawa-based Adam User Friendly Group         provided:1‚BےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےADAM NEWS NETWORKMARCH 1994 EDITIONDISK #2 IS A SELF BOOTING COLLECTION OF SMARTBASIC UTILITY        PROGRAMS PROVIDED TO US BY MOAUG.  The individual programs are    served by a simple but effective menu program.  DISK #1 Consists of Articles and cate with Retirement               savings plan6) LOANVARYsb  Simulated spreadsheet with variety of amts/rates7) BUYRENT      "         "       varies alternatives8) LESSONS   A technique Nick and his family use to learn, grow             and get along with each other.9) ENVELOPESsb  Lessons learned in handling finances10) ENVELOPE BUDGET Simulated Spreadsheet - enter own figuresBarry Wilson has been downloading with his IBM clone, but he      continues to think of us ADAM owners, as evidencedPSPCT8-5H “€PSPCT8-6H •€PSPCT9-1H –BLOCKS LEFTکBLOCKS LEFTک3) LOGO18  A continuation of his LOGO series of articles. 14)    LOGO19  "        "     "  "    "    "     "   "15) LOGO20  "        "     "  "    "    "     "   "16) PSPCT8-5  Ron's innovative & humorous computer perspectives.  17) PSPCT8-6   "        "      "    "       "         " 18)       PSPCT9-1   "        "      "    "       "         "19) ADAMDOS  The second in a series of articles by Ron Collins on             the ADAM.  Good material for Newsletters !! ive monthly rate108 e=36:REM   term in months110 a$="Date  April 20, 1992"200 p1=a/((1-(1+d)^-(e))/(d)): p1=INT(p1):REM   loan payment formula205 a2=a*1.5206 p2=a2/((1-(1+d)^-(e))/(d)): p2=INT(p2):REM     loan payment formula     210 a3=a*2.5211 p3=a3/((1-(1+d)^-(e))/(d)): p3=INT(p3):REM     loan payment formula   215 a4=a*3.5216 p4=a4/((1-(1+d)^-(e))/(d)): p4=INT(p4):REM     loan payment formula      302?:? a$:?320? "LOANS OF DIFFERENT AMOUNTS"322? "AT SAME INTEREST RATE"324? "AT SAME TERM IN 0HOME1? "40 column mode":?10? "Simulated spreadsheet Nick Lukach April 1992  ":?12? "The idea here is to set up a basice program that will act a bit like Adamcalc":?14? "the variables start at line 100; there are about 4 or 5 variables":?15?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?16? "Change them whenever you like. Save the program each time under another name--change the date a$ each time":?18? "Verify the results with your bank kmanager or accountant or mortgage lender; my figures are estimates":?19?:? "pk"; :INPUT aFERENT RATES":?1202 b2=b+.01: d2=b2/121203 b3=b+.02: d3=b3/121204 b4=b+.03: d4=b4/121206 p2=a/((1-(1+d2)^-(e))/(d2)): p2=INT(p2):REM      loan payment formula      1211 p3=a/((1-(1+d3)^-(e))/(d3)): p3=INT(p3):REM     loan payment formula    1216 p4=a/((1-(1+d4)^-(e))/(d4)): p4=INT(p4):REM      loan payment formula     1330? "A Loan"; TAB(9); a; TAB(17); a; TAB(25); a; TAB(33); a1340? "B Rate"; TAB(9); b; TAB(17); b2; TAB(25); b3; TAB(33); b41350? "E Term"; TAB(9); e; TAB(17); e; TAB(25); e; TAB(33) with the TERM changing":?36? "I used 40 columns --neater":?38? "Change any of the increments by changing the figures in lines 12001  2200     etc":?40? "The idea is to encourage you to make basic programs setting up variables which can act as spreadsheets":?42? "So have fun--you don't have to learn a spreadsheet  --you can use basic in this way--or something similar":?60? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?100 a=3000:REM   loan102 b=.09:REM   interest rate p/y104 c=12:REM   times paid per year106 d=b/c:REM   effectalth--retiring younger--activities--hobbies--family--and your other income":?26? "Will you be ab¯س>س?!`àہي°¯س?<س1X‏!`‎a‎G6ي°>2`‎>2n‎ح‎حS‎¯!@ح&‎ح]üش!گسح؛üأ+]üش!گسح؛üح6پ>أ2{ٌ!3ن"|ٌ2وٌ!”ن"çٌ2%َ!Rه"&َ2Fô!mه"Gô2sô!”ه"tô2Lè!؟ه"Mè2âô!«م"مôف!V‎>ةفwفwفwفwْ$!ٌƒ«مي°ه!„çمي°>حپ0>حپ0>حپ0>2o‎:o‎!بح{ٌ:o‎G‏آبّ*بيR~وxتب*+ب·يRë!بح{ٌأب2o‎ح~ü7ہ:o‎حTü‎~و‏?ة>Uس”>ھس“غ”‏Uآ0üغ“‏ھآ0ü>س–¯س”س•>ئس—غ—îPوز ّ¯س–ة>س:b‎ث¯Oح ‎!ے?¯ح&‎ح…حف!ر‚ح²پف!ْپح²پ!‚F#N#حMONTHS":?330? "A Loan"; TAB(9); a; TAB(17); a2; TAB(25); a3; TAB(33); a4340? "B Rate"; TAB(9); b; TAB(17); b; TAB(25); b; TAB(33); b350? "E Term"; TAB(9); e; TAB(17); e; TAB(25); e; TAB(33); e360?370? "Payment"; TAB(9); p1; TAB(17); p2; TAB(25); p3; TAB(33); p4375?376? "TOTAL"377? "PAID"; TAB(9); p1*e; TAB(17); p2*e; TAB(25); p3*e; TAB(33); p4*e378?380? "INTEREST"381? "PAID"; TAB(9); p1*e-a; TAB(17); p2*e-a2; TAB(25); p3*e-a3; TAB(33); p4*e-a4390?:? "pk to see different %"392INPUT a$1000? "DIF$:?20? "There could be errors in my program so VERIFY  ---check..you can get booklets of loan tables":?22? "the main idea here is a study of how to set up a basic program to imitate Adamcalc":?24? "By leaving the varibales in the lsiting and not using INPUTS the program can in a sense be saved as a spreadsheet":?25?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?30? "there are 3 programs actually, #1 shows 4 columns of results with the AMOUNT changing":?32? "#2 shows the results with the RATE changing":?34? "#3 shows the amount; e1360?1370? "Payment"; TAB(9); p1; TAB(17); p2; TAB(25); p3; TAB(33); p41375?1376? "TOTAL"1377? "PAID"; TAB(9); p1*e; TAB(17); p2*e; TAB(25); p3*e; TAB(33); p4*e1378?1380? "INTEREST"1381? "PAID"; TAB(9); p1*e-a; TAB(17); p2*e-a; TAB(25); p3*e-a; TAB(33); p4*e-a1390?:? "pk to see different term in months":?1392INPUT a$2002? "DIFFERENT TERM IN MONTHS":?2202 e2=e+122203 e3=e+482204 e4=e+722206 p2=a/((1-(1+d)^-(e2))/(d)): p2=INT(p2):REM        loan payment formula       2211 p3=a/((1-(1+d)^-(e:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?12? "This is a simulated spreadsheet to try to simulate Adamcalc":?15? "I made this study for myself and some relatives and hope it may be of use to someone":?20? "A friend, Ron Mitchell, said he didn't have time to learn Adamcalc":?22?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?25? "So I hope Ron will have time to try some Adamcalc simulations like this one":?30? "The idea is to set up veriables in the first part of the program and then leave them there":?35? "Every time the program islaoded and run youp1*e-a; TAB(17); p2*e2-a; TAB(25); p3*e3-a; TAB(33); p4*e4-ap3; TAB(33); p41375?1376? "TOTAL"1377? "PAID"; TAB(9); p1*e; TAB(17); p2*e; TAB(25); p3*e; TAB(33); p4*e1378?1380? "INTEREST"1381? "PAID"; TAB(9); p1*e-a; TAB(17); p2*e-a; TAB(25); p3*e-a; TAB(33); p4*e-a1390?:? "pk to see different term in months":?1392INPUT a$2002? "DIFFERENT TERM IN MONTHS":?2202 e2=e+122203 e3=e+482204 e4=e+722206 p2=a/((1-(1+d)^-(e2))/(d)): p2=INT(p2):REM        loan payment formula       2211 p3=a/((1-(1+d)^-(ee that you will have as much fun with the idea and with the program as I had":?50?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?80 a=35:REM    starting age #!82 r=1000:REM    rrsp bought each jan 184 i=.08:REM    annual interest rate on rrsp86 t=.35:REM    income tax rate estimated87 t1=7:REM    years that #1 buys rrsp88 t2=18:REM     when #1 will become 60  (end of 59 th year)89 am=r*((((1+i)^(x+1)-1)/i)-1)90 aa=41:REM   #2 starts to buy an RRSP99 bm=r*((((1+i)^(x+1)-1)/i)-1)100? "Age"; TAB(5); "RRSP"; TAB(11); "INT"; TA2? "variables are from lines 70 to 100  make any changes there":?3?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?5? "A study about the idea of getting a retirement plan early in your working life":?6? "Nick Lukach april 1992. The figures are estimated and you should verify them":?7? "See your bank manager; life insurance agent; accountant. Get pamphlets-books?":?8? "your tax departments will help--check and doublecheck my figures?":?9? "So if you don't have the time to learn Adamcalc here's a bit of possible alternative":?10?3))/(d)): p3=INT(p3):REM       loan payment formula    2216 p4=a/((1-(1+d)^-(e4))/(d)): p4=INT(p4):REM      2330? "A Loan"; TAB(9); a; TAB(17); a; TAB(25); a; TAB(33); a2340? "B Rate"; TAB(9); b; TAB(17); b; TAB(25); b; TAB(33); b2350? "E Term"; TAB(9); e; TAB(17); e2; TAB(25); e3; TAB(33); e42360?2370? "Payment"; TAB(9); p1; TAB(17); p2; TAB(25); p3; TAB(33); p42375?2376? "TOTAL"2377? "PAID"; TAB(9); p1*e; TAB(17); p2*e2; TAB(25); p3*e3; TAB(33); p4*e42378?2380? "INTEREST"2381? "PAID"; TAB(9);  can change some of the variables and save ":?37? "the new program under a new name; you will then have a history of your situation":?39?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?40? "If you prefer data statements they work the same way; I found that variables are less work":?41? "The main thing is that thje last results don't disappear permanently as happens with":?43? "INPUT statements. Leaving the variables in the listing approximates a spreadsheet":?44? "Entering the figures can be done 20 lines at a time":?46? "I hop3))/(d)): p3=INT(p3):REM       loan payment formula    2216 p4=a/((1-(1+d)^-(e4))/(d)): p4=INT(p4):REM      2330? "A Loan"; TAB(9); a; TAB(17); a; TAB(25); a; TAB(33); a2340? "B Rate"; TAB(9); b; TAB(17); b; TAB(25); b; TAB(33); b2350? "E Term"; TAB(9); e; TAB(17); e2; TAB(25); e3; TAB(33); e42360?2370? "Payment"; TAB(9); p1; TAB(17); p2; TAB(25); p3; TAB(33); p42375?2376? "TOTAL"2377? "PAID"; TAB(9); p1*e; TAB(17); p2*e2; TAB(25); p3*e3; TAB(33); p4*e42378?2380? "INTEREST"2381? "PAID"; TAB(9); B(16); "TAX"; TAB(22); "AMOUNT"110? "#1"; TAB(5); "P/Yr"; TAB(11); "RATE"; TAB(16); "SAVED"; TAB(22); "AT Y/E"120FOR x=1 TO t1+1130 am=r*((((1+i)^(x+1)-1)/i)-1)140? a; TAB(5); r; TAB(11); i; TAB(16); r*t; TAB(22); INT(am)145 a=a+1150IF a=42 THEN GOTO 170160NEXT x170?172? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?180? "#1 stops investing in an RRSP at this time":?190? "His rrsp is worth"; TAB(22); INT(am):?200? "#1 leaves this in the paln at compound interest until age 60 ---18 years":?204?205? "#1"; TAB(22); "AMOUNT A error in my formulas or calculations--it's easy to do":?683? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?684? "The important thing is to start planning for your retirement as early as you can":?686? "Compound interest is a wonderful thing--but it needs time to work as it should--time":?688? "so see the experts and get as much advice and pamphlets and books as you can":?690? "see your tax departments for booklets and advice":?700? "The aearlier you start the better--get advice--verify my figures--inform yourself":?otentially"ount"297? "each year until"298? "until he was 60"299? "at net after tax"300? "Rate of 3.5%"302?303 ii=.035304 rm=r*((((1+ii)^(t2+1)-1)/ii)-1)308? "This could be ???"; TAB(22); INT(rm)310? "A total possible"312? "of rrsp + savings"314? "of about"; TAB(22); INT(ax-bx)+INT(rm)316?320? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?350? "#2 decides he will buy an RRSP starting at age 41":?400? "Age"; TAB(5); "RRSP"; TAB(11); "INT"; TAB(16); "TAX"; TAB(22); "AMOUNT"410? "#2"; TAB(5); "P/Yr"; TAB(11); "RATE"; TAB(16); "SAVED";"; :INPUT a$:?20? "In Canada people who have paid into the QPP or CPP are entitled to start taking their":?22 e$="Date January 1, 1992"24? "Health--retiring younger--activities--hobbies--family--and your other income":?26? "Will you be able to live well financially with a reduced QPP or CPP. ":?27?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?28? "Financially the pensions start to equal out at around the age of 78-79  from their the ":?30? "person who waited till 65 starts to cumulatively have more---but how important is that546? "Could have saved"548? "That #2 put into"550? "An rrsp until age60"560? "or #1 could have"562? "purchased some other"564? "Asset--house --car"566? "and so on":?570? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?581?:? "#1's net gain was"; TAB(22); INT(ax-bx)583?:? "#1's also ahd the"584? "Possibilty of saving"585? "Yearl rrsp payments"596? "At interest of about"; TAB(22); INT(rm):?620?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?680? "Verify these figures with your bank manager; life insurance agent; accountant.. ":?682? "I may have made anT"206? TAB(22); "Year end"209? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?210FOR x=1 TO t2220 an=am*(1+i)^x230? a; TAB(22); INT(an)235 a=a+1250NEXT x252?260? "At beginning of his"261? "60 th year #1 has"; TAB(22); INT(an)262 ax=an263?265? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?270? "#1 paid in "; TAB(22); INT(r*t1)275? "#1 save income tax"; TAB(22); t1*INT(r*t)280? "#1 net cost was "; TAB(22); INT(r*t1)-INT(r*t)*t1285 bx=INT(r*t1)-INT(r*t)*t1287?290? "His net gain was"; TAB(22); INT(ax-bx)292?295? "Suppose #1 saved"296? "the rrsp am10? "Study as to whether or not to take ones Quebec Penison Plan or Canada Pension Plan befor":?12? "the age of 65---Nick Lukach April 22,1992  an estimated study--figures are based on 1986":?14? "And the calculations are estimated ---SEE YOUR LOCAL QPP OR CPP OFFICE AND THEY WILL":?15?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?16? "SUPPLY YOU WITH ACTUAL AND OFFICIAL PRINTOUTS FOR YOUR PARTICALAR CASE--BASED ON YOUR":?18? "Actual earnings and situation--do not accept my figures--they are just estimates--a study":?19?:? "pk TAB(22); "AT Y/E"420FOR x=1 TO t2+1430 bm=r*((((1+i)^(x+1)-1)/i)-1)440? aa; TAB(5); r; TAB(11); i; TAB(16); r*t; TAB(22); INT(bm)445 aa=aa+1450IF aa=61 THEN GOTO 470460NEXT x470?500? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?505? "#2 paid in "; TAB(22); r*t2510? "#2 saved tax of"; TAB(22); r*t*t2515?520? "#2 net investment"; TAB(22); INT(r*t2)-INT(r*t*t2)530? "#2 net gain was"; TAB(22); INT(bm)-(INT(r*t2)-(r*t*t2))539? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?540? "Which is about the"542? "same as #1's net gain"544? "And #1 potentially" ":?31? "at that age..the person who started around 61 had 5000 per year for 4 years at a younger age":?32?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?33? "so even if 50% went for taxes it would still left at least 2500 each year for 4 years":?34? "a total of 10,000 from 61 to 65.  This could have invested and be earning around $1000 ":?36? "Interest each year after 65...or it could have been spent to do something or buy something":?38? "PK"; :INPUT a$:?40? "See your local QPP or CPP office--Social Security Office in the Stension at 65 estimated to be "; INT(gf):? "This would be starting in year "; e$:?1287?:? "Pk to see Pension for person who waited till age 65 to start his QPP or CPP":?:INPUT a$:?1288? "Age"; TAB(9); "MONTHLY"; TAB(18); "YEARLY"; TAB(25); "CUMULATIVE"1290FOR x=i TO 851300REM  :T i; TAB(9); INT(b*gb); TAB(17); INT(12*b*gb): i = i+1: g = g*(1+h): gb = INT(gb*(1+h))     1302? i; TAB(9); INT(gf); TAB(17); INT(12*gf); TAB(25); ax1304 i=i+11305 g=g*(1+h)1306 gf=INT(gf*(1+h))1307 ax=ax+INT(12*gf)1310NEXTle at 63108 e=.94:REM   % of maximum pension receivable at 64110 f=1:REM    % of maximum pension receivable at 65  112 g=510:REM   estimated maximum pension receivable at age 65114 h=.0475:REM       estimated infaltion rate  116 i=61:REM   age at which you choose to get pension118 d$="Date January 1, 1987":?120 e$="Date January 1,1992"190? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?198? d$:?200? "Age"; TAB(5); "%"; TAB(8); "Pension"; TAB(18); "Pension"210? TAB(8); "Early"; TAB(18); "at 65"212?220? 60; TAB(5); a; TAB(9);ension at 65 estimated to be "; INT(gf):? "This would be starting in year "; e$:?1287?:? "Pk to see Pension for person who waited till age 65 to start his QPP or CPP":?:INPUT a$:?1288? "Age"; TAB(9); "MONTHLY"; TAB(18); "YEARLY"; TAB(25); "CUMULATIVE"1290FOR x=i TO 851300REM  :T i; TAB(9); INT(b*gb); TAB(17); INT(12*b*gb): i = i+1: g = g*(1+h): gb = INT(gb*(1+h))     1302? i; TAB(9); INT(gf); TAB(17); INT(12*gf); TAB(25); ax1304 i=i+11305 g=g*(1+h)1306 gf=INT(gf*(1+h))1307 ax=ax+INT(12*gf)1310NEXT1+h)); TAB(19); INT(g*(1+h)); TAB(23); "in 1992"262 g=g*(1+h): gf=g270?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?285 ax=INT(12*b*gb)288? "Age"; TAB(9); "MONTHLY"; TAB(18); "YEARLY"; TAB(25); "CUMULATIVE"290FOR x=i TO 85300REM :T i; TAB(9); INT(b*gb); TAB(17); INT(12*b*gb): i = i+1: g = g*(1+h): gb = INT(gb*(1+h))        302? i; TAB(9); INT(b*gb); TAB(17); INT(12*b*gb); TAB(25); ax304 i=i+1305 g=g*(1+h)306 gb=INT(gb*(1+h))307 ax=ax+INT(12*b*gb)310NEXT x1270?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?1272 i=651285 ax=INT(12*gf)1286?:? "Pates--I don't know th":?42? "law in the states--go seee--get advice--make a budget--study-study":?50? "This is a simulated budget--tries to imitate Adamcalc-but in Smartbasic...":?52? "the variables are in lines 100 to 200---change them according to your facts or information":?53? "PK"; :INPUT a$:?100 a=.7:REM   % of maximum pension receivable at 60102 b=.76:REM   % of maximum pension recivable at at 61104 c=.82:REM   % of maximum pension receivable at 62106 d=.88:REM   % of maximum pension receivab x1400?:? "REMEMBER--SEE THE LOCAL QPP OR CPP OFFICE TO GET ACTUAL CORRECT FIGURES":?1410? "THESE FIGURES ARE ESTIAMTED AND COULD BE WRONG---SO MAKE SURE AND GET THE OFFICIAL FIGURES":?0FOR x=i TO 85300REM :T i; TAB(9); INT(b*gb); TAB(17); INT(12*b*gb): i = i+1: g = g*(1+h): gb = INT(gb*(1+h))        302? i; TAB(9); INT(b*gb); TAB(17); INT(12*b*gb); TAB(25); ax304 i=i+1305 g=g*(1+h)306 gb=INT(gb*(1+h))307 ax=ax+INT(12*b*gb)310NEXT x1270?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?1272 i=651285 ax=INT(12*gf)1286?:? "P INT(a*g); TAB(19); g; TAB(23); "in 1986"222 ga=g225? 61; TAB(5); b; TAB(9); INT(b*g*(1+h)); TAB(19); INT(g*(1+h)); TAB(23); "in 1987"227 g=g*(1+h): gb=g230? 62; TAB(5); c; TAB(9); INT(c*g*(1+h)); TAB(19); INT(g*(1+h)); TAB(23); "in 1988"232 g=g*(1+h): gc=g240? 63; TAB(5); d; TAB(9); INT(d*g*(1+h)); TAB(19); INT(g*(1+h)); TAB(23); "in 1990"242 g=g*(1+h): gd=g250? 64; TAB(5); e; TAB(9); INT(e*g*(1+h)); TAB(19); INT(g*(1+h)); TAB(23); "in 1991"252 g=g*(1+h): ge=g260? 65; TAB(5); f; TAB(9); INT(f*g*(0? "40 column mode":?10? "A rough study of estimated income that might be possible from an accumulated Registered Retirement Savings Plan":?15? "By Nick Lukach April 22, 1992":?20? "Figures are set up based on information available in 1987 and are estimates only":?22? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?25? "This is a simulated spreadsheet for those who like Basic better than Adamcalc..figures are estimated and assumed":?30? "The variables are in lines 100 to 120. Change them to suit your figures and information":?35? 5?460? "Cash value"; TAB(16); INT(a-b*a); TAB(32); a-c+c/2500?505? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?510? "There are large differences in the 3 methods of income illustrated":?515? "They are estimates only; see your bank manager; life insurance agent; accountant and the income tax departments":?516?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?520? "They will give you more accurate information and figures... you will also be able to consider what you want in":?525? "in terms of income during your retirement...make a budget of your future neet your particular financial desires after you retire--there are a number of options":?60? "Change the variables in lines 100-to 120 to suit your circumstances":?65? "Remember  ---get advice and information":?80? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?100 a=35000:REM   accumulated rrsp102 b=.35:REM   income tax rate104 c=3000:REM   amount transferred to cash account by RRIF holder106 d=15:REM    term guaranteed for life annuity     108 e=.08:REM  interest to determine annuity         110 f=.1:REM  investments earn 112 dions":?550? "Find out how the income taxes will affect each income over the years to come----check and verify":?560? "have fun":?ethods of income illustrated":?515? "They are estimates only; see your bank manager; life insurance agent; accountant and the income tax departments":?516?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?520? "They will give you more accurate information and figures... you will also be able to consider what you want in":?525? "in terms of income during your retirement...make a budget of your future nee"; TAB(16); ii; TAB(24); ai; TAB(32); ri280? "Income tax)"; TAB(16); INT(b*ii); TAB(24); INT(b*ai); TAB(32); INT(b*ri)290? "Net income"; TAB(16); INT(ii-ii*b); TAB(24); INT(ai-b*ai); TAB(32); INT(ri-ri*b)295?300? "Total 15 Years"; TAB(16); INT(d*(ii-ii*b)); TAB(24); INT(d*(ai-ai*b)); TAB(32); INT(d*(ri-ri*b))310?400? "Cash value"; TAB(16); INT(a-b*a); TAB(32); a-c+c/2410?450? "Total Net"451? "Income"452? "25 Years"; TAB(16); INT(g*(ii-ii*b)); TAB(24); INT(g*(ai-ai*b)); TAB(32); INT(g*(ri-ri*b))45"Make sure you get accurate and up to date information---verify the results with your bank manager--life insurance agent":?38? "and your accountant--your income tax departments...Don't just accept my formulas and figures":?40?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?45? "My objective is to get you to become interested and to get information that will help you have a happier retiremetn":?50? "The time to inform yourself is before you retire--think about things for a long time rather than make snap decisions":?55? "Figure ouds and consider what you want to do":?530? "Are you planning to travel?-spend all your income ?---save some for your children? ----???":?535? "Make a budget for 5 or 10 years ahead?- not only in terms of money but interms of ideas?--what you want to DO?":?536?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?540? "Get pamphlets from your bank manager, life insurance agent, tax department etc---inform yourself as much as possible":?545? "Find out what is the meaning of an ANNUITY---what is a RRIF---get literature and inocome project$="Date  January 1, 1987"114 g=25:REM  income for 25 year term198? d$200? TAB(16); "AMOUNT"; TAB(24); "ANNUITY"; TAB(32); "RRIF"205? TAB(16); "INVESTED"220? "A RRSP"; TAB(16); a; TAB(24); a; TAB(32); a230? "F Cashed in"; TAB(16); a; TAB(32); c240? "T Income tax"; TAB(16); a*b250? "Balance"; TAB(16); a-a*b; TAB(32); a-c260? "D E Rates %"; TAB(16); f; TAB(24); e; TAB(32); f270?271 ii=(a-a*b)*f: ii=INT(ii)272 ai=a/((1-(1+e)^-(d))/(e)): ai=INT(ai)273 ri=(a-c)*f+c*f/2: ri=INT(ri)275? "Yearly income0? "40 column mode then Poke 17115,31:text for black & white monitor":?2? "This is a study of a comparison between an investment where interest is taxable each year and a pension plan where":?4? "Interest is not taxable each year- by Nick Lukach April 21, 1992 --the figures are estimated--the formulas are":?6? ":quite complex---so there may be errors --have the figures checked by your bank manager--life insurance agent--accountant":?8? "You can get pamphlets and printouts from them--they will be glad to own income--not the spouses":?44? "There is also a $1000 exemption for the first $1000 of pension received at 65 --see the tax department-your accountant":?46? "The idea here is to reduce your icnome tax each year---set up an RRSP--take advantage of compound interest":?48? "Plan now for your retirement--see your bank manager--life insurance agent--accountant--tax department":?50? "Pk"; :INPUT a$:?100 a=500:REM           102 b=.08:REM        annual interest rate on investments   104 y=1:REM    year s into an Registered Retirement Savings Plan":?18? "rather than invest in interest paying securities..it suggests that income taxes paid on interest each year":?20? "could be invested theoretically in an RRSP and a person could end up with a fair amount in an RRSP after 20 years or so":?21? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?22? "Get advice---see your banker--your accountant--your life insurance agent":?24? "When I was younger I felt that four us a general financial plan was #1 buy a house instead of paying rent..":?26?1)-1)/e-1):REM   amount invested each year and tax paid on interest242 rs=a*(((1+b)^(y+1)-1)/b-1):REM   RRSP purchsed each year interet not taxable243 rs=INT(rs)244 t1=(rs-a*y): t1=INT(t1)246 t2=t1*c: t2=INT(t2)250? y; TAB(4); INT(a1); TAB(14); INT(t1); TAB(22); t2; TAB(32); rs260IF y=15 THEN ?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?270NEXT y300?:? TAB(4); "INVESTED"; TAB(14); "INTEREST"; TAB(22); "  TAX"; TAB(32); " RRSP"305?310? "The RRSP amounts to "; TAB(32); rs312?: a1=INT(a1)315? "The INVESTED is about"; TAB(pidly..one thing I found out is that SAVING is not so much a question of money; I  believe ":?36? "Saving is a matter of habit---start small--$5 a week; every week--pick an amount that will not reduce your ":?38? "daily life finances--an amount you won't miss--try for compound interest":?39? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?40? "Consider setting up a spousal RRSP to take advantage of income splitting and lower tax rates":?42? "At this time in Canada one can buy an RRSP for one's spouse and deduct the prmium from their see you and advise you--they are experts--see them":?9? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?10? "This is a simulated spreadsheet for Basic people; I like basic--I think it's very flexible--and once a program is set":?12? "up as a template it is very usefuland nice to use. The variables are set up starting in line 100--change them":?14? "to suit your needs--remember these are only estimated figures and there may be errors":?15? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?16? "The program illustrates that in Canada it may be advisable to put moneytart106 c=.35:REM    income tax rate112 rs=a*((1+b)^y)/(b):REM       com pound amount of one deposit each period     114 e=b-b*c:REM   annual interest rate reduced by the income tax payable116 f=25:REM   # years till retirement200? "Yr"; TAB(4); "AMOUNT"; TAB(14); "INTEREST"; TAB(22); " TAX"; TAB(32); "RRSP"202? TAB(4); "INVESTED"; TAB(14); "EARNED"; TAB(22); "PAID"; TAB(32); "AMOUNT"203? TAB(4); "  AT"; TAB(32); "  AT"204? TAB(4); "YEAR END"; TAB(32); "YEAR END"240FOR y=1 TO f241 a1=a*(((1+e)^(y+ "of course houses were a lot cheaper 35 years ago...#2 was buy some life insurance to protect my wife and children":?28? "included in that was a small income protection policy...#3 was set up a Retirement Pension Plan":?29? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?30? "The variables start at line 100--there are less than 10.  Change them as you like--put in lots of REM comments":?32? "There are different options in a person's financial life.  A person should make a budget for 15 or 20 years ahead":?34? "Things change very ra32); a1318?320? "The difference is about"; TAB(32); rs-a1:?322? "The taxes paid were "; TAB(32); INT(t1*c)323?324? "Estimated interest on taxes"; TAB(32); INT(rs-a1)-INT(t1*c)349?350? "Figures are estimates--have them verified by your bank manager--life insurance agent-accountant":?" TAX"; TAB(32); "RRSP"202? TAB(4); "INVESTED"; TAB(14); "EARNED"; TAB(22); "PAID"; TAB(32); "AMOUNT"203? TAB(4); "  AT"; TAB(32); "  AT"204? TAB(4); "YEAR END"; TAB(32); "YEAR END"240FOR y=1 TO f241 a1=a*(((1+e)^(y+30? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?32? "I have tried to work backwards to find out how much is needed in earnings to be able to buy a home  --or rent":?34? "I have taken net payments+ living expenses and car expenses and figured a formula to convert this to salary":?36? "By dividing by 1-tax rate. eg":?37? "Taxes= rate*(salary-exemptions)--tx=tr(s-ex)":?38? "Taxes= salary-(payments+living expenses+car expenses) --tx=s-(tp*12+le+ce)":?39? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?40? "I could easily have made a mistake in my estimates, as0? "40 column mode--then poke 17115,31:text for black $ white":?2? "This is a study made by Nick Lukach in April 1992":?4? "The figures are estimates and may nhave no bearing to reality--I just guessed at them--  so they are probably":?6? "quite unrealistic in most cases-- try to get more accurate figures and rates--verify these figures with your ":?8? "mortgage lender--bank-accountant--etc...don't just accept them. I just guessed most of the time":?10? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?12? "This is a simulated spread:?52? "Except to show it as an addition to the investment--the money just sits there and accumulates interest for 30 years":?54? "At an estimated net rate after income tax--I divided the interest rate by 2 as a very rough  guess":?56? "this is not very realistice--most people would use the money somehow I imagine--in any case choose what you would do":?58? "with the cash down payment??? have fun--I enjoyed making this program just for comparing Adamcalc and Smarbasic":?60? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?100 a=65000ney--peace of mind-freedom to do what you want and so on":?22? "Also who can tell what a house will be worth in the future-???  Who can tell what investments will earn":?23? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?24? "Will values go up or down-- will interest rates go up or down--will there be a recession or an inflation--who knows":?26? "So don't accept these figures as being accurate--get accurate ones where you can--maybe this program will help":?28? "To get another way of looking at whether it's better to buy or rent":?1)-1)/e-1):REM   amount invested each year and tax paid on interest242 rs=a*(((1+b)^(y+1)-1)/b-1):REM   RRSP purchsed each year interet not taxable243 rs=INT(rs)244 t1=(rs-a*y): t1=INT(t1)246 t2=t1*c: t2=INT(t2)250? y; TAB(4); INT(a1); TAB(14); INT(t1); TAB(22); t2; TAB(32); rs260IF y=15 THEN ?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?270NEXT y300?:? TAB(4); "INVESTED"; TAB(14); "INTEREST"; TAB(22); "  TAX"; TAB(32); " RRSP"305?310? "The RRSP amounts to "; TAB(32); rs312?: a1=INT(a1)315? "The INVESTED is about"; TAB(sumptions and formulas--so be careful --don't accept mu figures":?42? "Change the figures, estimates or formulase as you think fit--get official figures from banks and loan companies":?44? "They will be glad to help you--I jsut prepared this program for fun for the Adam community as a simulated ":?46? "simulated Adamcalc program--hurray for Smartbasic----have fun":?48? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?50? "As far as the investment of the daownpayment where the house is rented--I have not taken the income into account"sheet.. the variables start at line 100---change them to suit your figures":?14? "Add more if you like--where there is nothing put a 0---verify the formulas in case I made a mistake":?16? "The whole idea here is to show  that a spreadsheet can be imitated in Basic--it's not accurate financial advice":?18? "The ideas , figures and formulas are my own and are mostly guesswork and estimates--verify the results with experts":?19? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?20? "There are other reasons for buying a house than just mo:REM     cost of house101 da$="Date  April 24, 1992"102 b=20000:REM     cash paid down      104 af=a-b:REM     amount of mortgage106 c=30:REM     # of years of mortgage108 d=c*12:REM     # of months of mortgage110 e=.14:REM     mortgage interest per year111 s=108:REM     # of months that mortgage has been paid   112 f=e/12:REM     % per month114 g=.1:REM     investment interest per year %116 mp=INT(af/((1-(1+f)^-(d))/(f)))117 lb=mp*(1-(1+f)^-(d-s))/f:REM    to find loan balance at any time  118 80? "B Downpayment"; TAB(20); b390? "Capital in loan "; TAB(20); INT(af-lb)392? "B Invested "; TAB(30); INT(b*(1+g/2)^(s/12)):REM   invested downpayment at estimated net % after tax --g /2  394?395? "Equity * mv "; TAB(20); INT((b+af-lb)+mv*s/12)398?399? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?400? "EARNINGS NEEDED ROUGH ESTIMATE"410? "Yearly payments"; TAB(20); INT(12*tp); TAB(30); INT(12*tq)420? "LE Living expense"; TAB(20); le; TAB(30); le430? "CE Car & Luxuries"; TAB(20); ce; TAB(30); ce440?450? "Total net income"2000:REM   car & luxuries per year146 tr=.35:REM   estimated income tax rate150 ex=10000:REM   estimated exemptions for tax purposes160? TAB(20); "OWNED"; TAB(30); "RENTED"161? "ESTIMATES"162? "A House cost "; TAB(20); a164? "B Downpaynent"; TAB(20); b166? "B Invested "; TAB(30); b168? "AF Amount financed"; TAB(20); af170? "C # of years"; TAB(20); c172? "D # of months"; TAB(20); d174? "E Mortgage rate %"; TAB(20); e176? "G Investment rate%"; TAB(30); g178?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?198?:? da$:?199?  TAB(20); d*mp531? "Heat "; TAB(20); d*i; TAB(30); d*i532? "Taxes"; TAB(20); d*j; TAB(30); d*k533? "Insurance"; TAB(20); d*l; TAB(30); d*m534? "Repairs"; ; TAB(20); d*n; TAB(30); d*o535? "Light  "; ; TAB(20); d*p; TAB(30); d*p536? "Other  "; ; TAB(20); d*q; TAB(30); d*r540? "Rent Paid"; TAB(30); d*h550? "A House Cost"; TAB(20); a560? "B Investment fmv"; TAB(30); INT(b*(1+g/2)^(c)):REM     invested downpayment at estimated net % after tax --g /2          565? "FMV increase est"; TAB(20); mv*ccome"h+i+k+m+o+p+r290? "Total Monthly"292? "Payments"; TAB(20); tp; TAB(30); tq300?308? "ESTIMATES"310? "LOAN BALANCE NOW"315?318? "AF Original loan"; TAB(20); af319?320? "LB Balance after"322? "s  Months is "; TAB(20); INT(lb)324?330? "Capital paid "; TAB(20); INT(af-lb)333?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?335?340? "Total payments"; TAB(20); INT(mp*s)345?350? "Balance now     "; TAB(20); INT(lb)355?360? "Interest expense"; TAB(20); INT(mp*s-lb)370?372? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?375? "EQUITY ESTIMATED ROUGHLY"3h=600:REM     rent for house120 i=150:REM     heat per month122 j=125:REM     house taxes per month124 k=0:REM     rental taxes per month126 l=50:REM      insurance owned  128 m=10:REM      insurance rented 130 n=30:REM      repairs owned 132 o=10:REM     repairs rented 134 p=50:REM     electrictiy per month136 q=25:REM      other expense pm owned    138 r=25:REM     other expense rented140 mv=500:REM   estimated increase in fmv per annum142 le=8000:REM   living expenses-food-clothes etc144 ce=; TAB(20); INT(12*tp)+le+ce; TAB(30); INT(12*tq)+le+ce452 s1=INT(12*tp+le+ce-tr*ex)/(1-tr):REM   net income grossed up to salary needed453 s2=INT(12*tq+le+ce-tr*ex)/(1-tr):REM   net income grossed up to salary need454REM   grossup figured as follows..(s-10000)*.35= tax..... S-tax=22698460?465? "S1 Earnings needed"; TAB(20); INT(s1); TAB(30); INT(s2)470?:? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?500?:? "SUMMARY ESTIMATES ONLY":?510? "TOTAL 30 YEARS":?520? "Payments"; TAB(20); d*tp; TAB(30); d*tq525?530? "Loan Payments";"Loan, months paid "; TAB(20); s:?:? "pk":INPUT a$:?200? TAB(20); "HOUSE"; TAB(30); "HOUSE"202? TAB(20); "OWNED"; TAB(30); "RENTED"208? "ESTIMATES"210? "MONTHLY PAYMENTS"220? "MP Mortgage"; TAB(20); mp; TAB(30); h230? "I Heat "; TAB(20); i; TAB(30); i240? "J K Taxes "; TAB(20); j; TAB(30); k250? "L M Insurance"; TAB(20); l; TAB(30); m260? "N O Repairs "; TAB(20); n; TAB(30); o270? "P Electricity "; TAB(20); p; TAB(30); p280? "Q R  Other "; TAB(20); q; TAB(30); r285?288 tp=i+j+l+n+p+q+mp289 tq=0? "LESSONS===A true life story by Nick Lukach   April 1992":?1GOSUB 9002? "Q What are LESSONS":?4? "A LESSONS is a daily program that a family follows each day for 30 minutes a day-5 days aweek":?6? "The is done for 52 weeks a year--so far we have been doing it for over 30 years":?8GOSUB 90010? "Q Who is involved in doinng the LESSONS":?12? "A In our case it was me, my wife and our 2 children":?14GOSUB 90016? "Q What is the purpose of daily lessons?":?18? "A To help your children learn things thah concerned with behaviour--character development and a":?84? "strong belief in God":?86GOSUB 90088? "You choose the books-you choose the newspapers--articles-magazines-music-singing-etc":?90? "When we first started the program my wife and children were against it---I had to insist":?92? "My wife wanted the children to listen to classical music..I wanted the children to learn":?94? "Something about their cultural roots and heritage--some Slovak history, some German history":?96GOSUB 90098? "I wanted 30 minutes":?34GOSUB 90036? "Q How do you do the lessons":?38? "A We took turns reading aloud from selected books; at most 2 pages per day":?40? "We also sang in French, Slovak and German.":?42? "Each one of us took a turn reading aloud?":?44GOSUB 90046? "Q What books did you use":?48? "A The Bible-Proverbs... Readers Digest (selected articles); How to Win Friends and Influence People--":?50? "Love, Hate,Fear and Anger----Are You Lisrtening---Parent and Teenager---articels on Drugs":?52? "Magazin and uh'---stopy saying  'you know'  'you know'":?112? "to speak in a clear; inrteresting way, with feeling, to express themselves well":?114? "reading aloud slowly, wiht expression, with feeling, stopping for commas, periods, ":?116? "will help achieve this":?118GOSUB 900120? "I told them--pretend you are the person saying this--or you are an actor in Hollywood":?122? "and you are making the movie--raise your voice, show emotion-whiper-shout-cry-speak clearly":?124? "express your feelings--we all trter reads aloud from a chilrns book   5 minutes...my wife distributes sheets;"70? "with the words of a German folksong on them--say Silent Night--she reads aloud one verse":?72? "we all repeat the words agfter her even though we don't know German...then she sings":?74? "the first verse -- then sing the first verse with her--time about 5 or 6 minutes":?76? "Lesson over for today":?78GOSUB 90080? "Why choose Porverbs to be read aloud a chapter a day for a year or so?":?82? "Because Proverbs is very muct you and your wife think are important":?20? "It is also an opportunity for you and your wife to learn things-to keep up to date;"22? " on how to get along, how to raise a family and how to be happier in general":?24? "Another purpose, a surprise pointed out to us years later by our daughter is--;"26? "it is a chance for the family to spend time together for 30 minutes a day-5 days a week":?28GOSUB 90030? "Q What time do you do the lessons":?32? "A we found the best time to be right after supper for them to be proud of their grandparents--to know some of the good things that":?100? "their ancestors had done--the science--the music --the poetry-- chemistry and great":?102? "things that had been achieved in the past by Slovaks and Germans--I wanted to feel":?104? "confident---that they are just as good as any other nationality--not second class in any way":?106GOSUB 900108? "I also wanted them to learn to read, write and speak properly--not mumble--stop saying uh uh":?110? "stop saying   'and uh' e articles on current affairs--alcohol abuse---language---psychology etc etc":?54GOSUB 90056? "Here is an example of a lesson":?58? "6:30 pm supper is over--we go upstairs and sit or lie dow--we get comfortable":?60? "I read 2 pages from Love Hate Fear & Anger..there might be a question or two sometimes;"62? "a short discussion-time 5-6 minuts...My son reads a chaprter out loud from Proverbs.":?64? "Our daughter was about 5 or 6 when we started and our son around 10 or 11":?66GOSUB 90068? "Our daughied to do it--I did, my wife did and our children did":?126GOSUB 900128? "How long should the lessons continue":?130? "We did them with the children until they were around 18 years old":?132? "What happened then?":?134? "My wife and I are still doing the lessons--about 15 or 20 minutes a day.":?136GOSUB 900138? "After the children left home my wife and I changed the lessons a bit":?140? "We began to read books on marriage--Strike the Original Match-- How To Get Along, Thoug Married":?141GOSUB 9001ime--it's worth more than money and it's a real  expression of your love":?192? "Time 2 minutes a day of French out loud may not be much but after a couple of years":?194? "You can get along in French--try it?"196? "Have fun--spend a few minutes together as a family taling, laughing, singing--love":?900? "pk"; :INPUT a$:?:RETURNook lessons as a child and":?174? "wants to start playing again--German folk songs--very pretty":?176GOSUB 900178? "The idea behind the lesson is to counteract the movies--viwords in French":?154? "My wife reads aloud about 20 words in Slovak (this is her idea  --Eastern Slovak or ":?155GOSUB 900156? "Hutorak Slovak --is a 99% phonetic language and shows how easy it is to learn a phonetic":?158? "language...for example I learned the Slovak alphabet at 6 years of age--took about 2 monhts?"160? "Once I knew the alphabet I could read Slovak--very slowly but I could actually read a Slovak":?162? "newspaper...aloud>>The reason is phonetics--letters are always pronounced the sae wife has 2 savings accounts in her name":?22? "Her #1 savings is for the household cheque--her  #2 account is a strictly personal account":?24GOSUB 90026? "If the home is owned it is assumed that the house taxes and insurance are included in":?28? "in the mortgage payment each month---where items are paid every 2 or 3 months the amount":?30? "is left in the current account each month to accumulate eg water ":?32GOSUB 90034? "ESTIMATED BUDGET"; TAB(22); "  $":?36? "Mortgge or rent "; TAB(22); 8003deos--television--and many ":?180? "negative influences in our childrens lives--if we don't fill them with the right things":?182? "someone else will fill their brains with wrong things--we have to do it--the schools?":?184? "Will not do it--no one will exept the parents--it takes time--our time-every day--":?185GOSUB 900186? "But if the parents don't take the time to teach the children the right things then":?188? "The children are going to have it really tought in their lives":?190? "So give them t42? "Books written by minsiteres who specialized in marriage counselling--?"144? "We are presently reading Honest to God by Hybel..it takes about 6 months to finish a book?":?146? "at 2 pages a day--but its worth it--after 43 years of marriage we are still learning form":?148? "other peoples mistakes--it makes for a happier marriage?":?150? "A typical lesson now is I read Psalm 91 out loud--my wife reads 2 pages from Honest to God":?152? "It's a book on marriage and behaviour---My wife reads aloud ten 0? "40 column mode--poke 17115,31:text for black & white":?2? "A study by Nick Lukach --April 1992":?10? "ENVELOPES= a method of family budgeting that helped my wife and me avoid a lot of arguing":?12? "Suppose you earn #3000 a month.  Your net take home pay is $2000. You are paid once a month":?14? "Here is an estimated imaginary budget":?16GOSUB 90018? "The net paycheck is deposited in the joint current account by the wife--she stays at home":?20? "The husband has a savings account in his name-- thme-always":?164? "English takes about 12 years to learn properly--the same for French and German":?166? "These languages are difficult to learn because the letters change in pronunciation?":?168GOSUB 900170? "Any way ti was my wifes idea to learn Slovak-not mine":?172? "After this my wife plays her accordion for 5 minutes--she took lessons as a child and":?174? "wants to start playing again--German folk songs--very pretty":?176GOSUB 900178? "The idea behind the lesson is to counteract the movies--vi8? "Food & Groceries"; TAB(22); 70040? "Light           "; TAB(22); 5042? "Water           "; TAB(22); 1544? "Heat            "; TAB(22); 10046? "Telephone       "; TAB(22); 3048? "Credit cards    "; TAB(22); 10050? "Husband savings "; TAB(22); 5052? "R R S P for wife"; TAB(22); 5054? "Lunches, bus    "; TAB(22); 5056? "Spare           "; TAB(22); 5557?58? "Total Budgeted"; TAB(22); 200060?62GOSUB 90064? "The expenses are paid each month by cheque--if they are less the difference is left":?66-03)*100)/100124 h=50*12/365:REM    daily savings account budget -husband125 h=INT((h+5E-03)*100)/100126 i=50*12/365:REM    daily RRSP budget for wife127 i=INT((i+5E-03)*100)/100128 j=50*12/365:REM    daily bus, & lunch expenses for husband129 j=INT((j+5E-03)*100)/100130 k=55*12/365:REM    daily surplus to be left in current account131 k=INT((k+5E-03)*100)/100180GOSUB 900200? "BUDGET "; TAB(9); "DAY"; TAB(15); "WEEK"; TAB(21); "2weeks"; TAB(28); "1/2mo"; TAB(34); "MONTH"208? "NET PAY"; TAB(9); npnvelopes for the coming month-- envelopes #1 to 4 will have 7*23= $160 each in them":?84? "the last envelope will have 2 or 3 days 2*23 =$50  3*23 =60  fro example":?86GOSUB 90088? "However, instead of keeping the money in 5 envelopes at home like we used when the food ":?90? "budget was less that $100 per month---the wife deposits the money--$700 in her savings":?92? "Account #1--she then makes herself a cheque for $160 for the 1 st weeks househodl budget":?94GOSUB 90096? "She uses the $160 for the 5.21*d); TAB(34); INT(30.42*d)218? "Heat    "; TAB(9); e; TAB(15); INT(7*e); TAB(21); INT(14*e); TAB(28); INT(15.21*e); TAB(34); INT(30.42*e)220? "Phone   "; TAB(9); f; TAB(15); INT(7*f); TAB(21); INT(14*f); TAB(28); INT(15.21*f); TAB(34); INT(30.42*ef)222? "C/cards "; TAB(9); g; TAB(15); INT(7*g); TAB(21); INT(14*g); TAB(28); INT(15.21*g); TAB(34); INT(30.42*g)224? "Savings "; TAB(9); h; TAB(15); INT(7*h); TAB(21); INT(14*h); TAB(28); INT(15.21*h); TAB(34); INT(30.42*h)226? "RSP wife"; TAB(9); i; TAB(ge or rent payment111 a=INT((a+5E-03)*100)/100112 b=12*700/365:REM    daily  food budget113 b=INT((b+5E-03)*100)/100114 c=12*50/365:REM    daily light budget115 c=INT((c+5E-03)*100)/100116 d=12*15/365:REM    daily water budget117 d=INT((d+5E-03)*100)/100118 e=12*100/365:REM    daily heat budget119 e=INT((e+5E-03)*100)/100120 f=12*30/365:REM    daily telephone budget121 f=INT((f+5E-03)*100)/100122 g=12*100/365:REM    daily credit card budget--for clothes, toyus, furniture, car etc123 g=INT((g+5E? "In the joint current account...if more pay by a credit card cheque":?68? "The basic philosophies hee are BUDGETING and CONTROLLED ADMINISTRATION":?70GOSUB 90072? "The husband administers eecertain parts of the budget--the wife administers mainly one part":?74? "The wife administers the FOOD & GROCERIES":?76? "The $700 per month for food and groceries is administered as foolows":?78GOSUB 90080? "Divide 700 X12  by 365-- this around $23.00 a day-- the wife distributes this into 5 ?"82? "imaginary e; TAB(15); INT(7*np); TAB(21); INT(14*np); TAB(28); INT(15.21*np); TAB(34); INT(30.42*np)209?210? "Mortgage"; TAB(9); a; TAB(15); INT(7*a); TAB(21); INT(14*a); TAB(28); INT(15.21*a); TAB(34); INT(30.42*a)212? "Food    "; TAB(9); b; TAB(15); INT(7*b); TAB(21); INT(14*b); TAB(28); INT(15.21*b); TAB(34); INT(30.42*b)214? "Light   "; TAB(9); c; TAB(15); INT(7*c); TAB(21); INT(14*c); TAB(28); INT(15.21*c); TAB(34); INT(30.42*c)216? "Water   "; TAB(9); d; TAB(15); INT(7*d); TAB(21); INT(14*d); TAB(28); INT(1first week--when it's gone--it's gone...":?98? "Next Monday she makes a cheque  for $160 and puts the money into envelope #2 at home":?100? "for week #2 she spends only $160 for household--and so on for the rest of the month":?102GOSUB 900104? "This system of envelopes helped us to avoid a lot of arguments about money in our marriage":?106? "The budget can be adjusted for a weekly paycheck-example ":?108 np=2000*12/365:REM     net pay109 np=INT((np+5E-03)*100)/100110 a=12*800/365:REM    daily mortga15); INT(7*i); TAB(21); INT(14*i); TAB(28); INT(15.21*i); TAB(34); INT(30.42*i)228? "Lunches "; TAB(9); j; TAB(15); INT(7*j); TAB(21); INT(14*j); TAB(28); INT(15.21*j); TAB(34); INT(30.42*j)230? "Spare   "; TAB(9); k; TAB(15); INT(7*k); TAB(21); INT(14*k); TAB(28); INT(15.21*k); TAB(34); INT(30.42*k)232? "TOTAL"; TAB(9); a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k234GOSUB 900236? "One of the great surprises for me was when my wife told me that she really liked the envelope method because":?238? "it helped her  to manage thr month ":?255GOSUB 900256? "Many years ago I formulated a little philosophy which I still believe--money means freedom---if you have a few":?258? "dollars in your pocket or in the bank you are FREE--you can decide to do something--go somewhere--buy yourself":?260? "something--no money--no freedom--so treat your spouse with dignity and respect--share the admnistration of money":?262GOSUB 900270? "with her---think of the money as OUR MONEY  -----not mine---not hers--BUT OURS":?272? " Have a happy marrhe marriage---my wife doesn't have to come to me":?248? "and ask me for a dollar every time she wants something for herself--what we have been doing for some years now":?249GOSUB 900250? "is adjusting the household budget upwards each year with inflation--and we have also been adding an extra amount":?252? "for my wife to use personally; at first around $25 per month--now it's over $100 per month besides the food":?254? "of course my monthly personal expense amount has also gone up to around a  $100 pec--although I must say I like Adamcalc":?11GOSUB 90012? "But this is for those who like Smartbasic--which is also great":?14? "have fun --budget your finances--verify these figures with your bank manager -life  insurance agent--accountant":?20REM   if the pay period is weekly  say 600; then gp=600*52 and net say 400 then ns=400*5222REM  if paid semi-monthly say gross is 1500 then gp=1500*24 and ns=1000*2423REM  if pay is on some other basis convert it to monthly--might be easier30 gp=3000:REM   estimiage":?280? "END":END900? " Press RETURN"; :INPUT a$:?:RETURNk me for a dollar every time she wants something for herself--what we have been doing for some years now":?249GOSUB 900250? "is adjusting the household budget upwards each year with inflation--and we have also been adding an extra amount":?252? "for my wife to use personally; at first around $25 per month--now it's over $100 per month besides the food":?254? "of course my monthly personal expense amount has also gone up to around a  $100 pee money properly so as not to run short towards the end of the month---but this is ":?240? "the surprise--having her handle the money herslef gave her a sense of dignity and respect--it meant I trusted ":?241GOSUB 900242? "her and respected her---that was something that really surprised me..She said it made her feel responsible":?244? "So consider this idea--it has helped our marriage for 43 years--my wife is still using it--it works":?246? "And it share responsibilty of administering the finances in t0? "40 column mode  poke 17115,31:text for black & white tv":?2? " A simulated spreadsheet budget program for determining the amount to be allocated to food per day--per week ":?4? "for 2 weeks,  1/2 a month and a month":?6? "A study by Nick Lukach April 1992 to be used with the envelope budget method ":?7GOSUB 9008? "the variables are in lines 30 to 100 change them to fit your figures then save the program under a new name":?10? "you should have a simulated spreadsheet without having to learn Adamcalr month ":?255GOSUB 900256? "Many years ago I formulated a little philosophy which I still believe--money means freedom---if you have a few":?258? "dollars in your pocket or in the bank you are FREE--you can decide to do something--go somewhere--buy yourself":?260? "something--no money--no freedom--so treat your spouse with dignity and respect--share the admnistration of money":?262GOSUB 900270? "with her---think of the money as OUR MONEY  -----not mine---not hers--BUT OURS":?272? " Have a happy marrated gross pay per month 32 ns=2000:REM   estimated net pay34 it=(gp-ns)/gp:REM   estimated tax rate40 aa=800:REM    estimated mortgage or rent payable per month42 bb=700:REM     estimated food & groceries payable per month 44 cc=50:REM     estimated light            payable per month     46 dd=15:REM     estimated water            payable per month     48 ee=100:REM     estimated heat             payable per month    50 ff=30:REM    estimated monthly phone bill52 gg=100:REM    estimated monthly crB(21); INT(14*d); TAB(28); INT(15.21*d); TAB(34); INT(30.42*d)218? "Heat    "; TAB(9); e; TAB(15); INT(7*e); TAB(21); INT(14*e); TAB(28); INT(15.21*e); TAB(34); INT(30.42*e)220? "Phone   "; TAB(9); f; TAB(15); INT(7*f); TAB(21); INT(14*f); TAB(28); INT(15.21*f); TAB(34); INT(30.42*f)222? "C/cards "; TAB(9); g; TAB(15); INT(7*g); TAB(21); INT(14*g); TAB(28); INT(15.21*g); TAB(34); INT(30.42*g)224? "Savings "; TAB(9); h; TAB(15); INT(7*h); TAB(21); INT(14*h); TAB(28); INT(15.21*h); TAB(34); INT(30.42*h)22*cc/365:REM       daily light budget    115 c=INT((c+5E-03)*100)/100116 d=12*dd/365:REM       daily water budget   117 d=INT((d+5E-03)*100)/100118 e=12*ee/365:REM       daily heat budget 119 e=INT((e+5E-03)*100)/100120 f=12*ff/365:REM       daily telephone budget     121 f=INT((f+5E-03)*100)/100122 g=12*gg/365:REM       daily credit card budget--for clothes, toys , furniture, car etc     123 g=INT((g+5E-03)*100)/100124 h=12*hh/365:REM       daily savings account budget -husband 125 h=INT((h+5E-000260?262IF k<1 THEN ? "Short for month"; TAB(30); INT(k*30.42*-1):?264IF k<1 THEN ? "Reduce expenses by"; TAB(30); INT(k*30.42*-1):?266IF k<1 THEN ? "Or increase net pay"; TAB(30); INT(k*30.42*-1):?268IF k<1 THEN ? "Increase gross pay"; TAB(30); INT((k*30.42*-1)/(1-it)):?270?300?:? "END":END900? "Press RETURN"; :INPUT a$:?:RETURN; INT(14*g); TAB(28); INT(15.21*g); TAB(34); INT(30.42*g)224? "Savings "; TAB(9); h; TAB(15); INT(7*h); TAB(21); INT(14*h); TAB(28); INT(15.21*h); TAB(34); INT(30.42*h)2ONTH"208? "NET PAY"; TAB(9); np; TAB(15); INT(7*np); TAB(21); INT(14*np); TAB(28); INT(15.21*np); TAB(34); INT(30.42*np)209?210? "Mortgage"; TAB(9); a; TAB(15); INT(7*a); TAB(21); INT(14*a); TAB(28); INT(15.21*a); TAB(34); INT(30.42*a)212? "Food    "; TAB(9); b; TAB(15); INT(7*b); TAB(21); INT(14*b); TAB(28); INT(15.21*b); TAB(34); INT(30.42*b)214? "Light   "; TAB(9); c; TAB(15); INT(7*c); TAB(21); INT(14*c); TAB(28); INT(15.21*c); TAB(34); INT(30.42*c)216? "Water   "; TAB(9); d; TAB(15); INT(7*d); TAedit card payments   54 hh=50:REM    estimated monthly savings for husband 56 ii=50:REM    estimated monthly RRSP paln for wife 58 jj=50:REM    estimated monthly lunches and bus for husband60 mm=200:REM     estimated monthly car expenses , insurance, etc108 np=ns*12/365:REM    net pay variable formula109 np=INT((np+5E-03)*100)/100110 a=12*aa/365:REM       daily mortgage or rent payment     111 a=INT((a+5E-03)*100)/100112 b=12*bb/365:REM       daily  food budget 113 b=INT((b+5E-03)*100)/100114 c=126? "RSP wife"; TAB(9); i; TAB(15); INT(7*i); TAB(21); INT(14*i); TAB(28); INT(15.21*i); TAB(34); INT(30.42*i)228? "Lunches "; TAB(9); j; TAB(15); INT(7*j); TAB(21); INT(14*j); TAB(28); INT(15.21*j); TAB(34); INT(30.42*j)232? "Car exp "; TAB(9); m; TAB(15); INT(7*m); TAB(21); INT(14*m); TAB(28); INT(15.21*m); TAB(34); INT(30.42*m)240? "Spare   "; TAB(9); k; TAB(15); INT(7*k); TAB(21); INT(14*k); TAB(28); INT(15.21*k); TAB(34); INT(30.42*k)251?252? "TOTAL"; TAB(9); a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m259?:GOSUB 93)*100)/100126 i=ii*12/365:REM       daily RRSP budget for wife   127 i=INT((i+5E-03)*100)/100128 j=jj*12/365:REM       daily bus, & lunch expenses for husband   129 j=INT((j+5E-03)*100)/100130 m=mm*12/365:REM        daily car expenses for budget            132 m=INT((m+5E-03)*100)/100160 k=np-(a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+m):REM    amount that is left spare each month  161 k=INT((k+5E-03)*100)/100180GOSUB 900200? "BUDGET "; TAB(9); "DAY"; TAB(15); "WEEK"; TAB(21); "2weeks"; TAB(28); "1/2mo"; TAB(34); "M0? "index"2? "ERLYQPPsb"4? "Simulated spreadsheet-40 column --should I take my Quebec Pension plan or Canada Pension Plan":?6? "before age 65--otion to take it at 60--see the QPP or CPP office in your locality":?8? " for official accurate figures":?9GOSUB 90010? "ERLYRRSP"12? "The earlier you start investing in a pension plan for your retirement the better":?14? "Simulated spreadsheet-change the variables to suit yourself":?16? "See your banker-life insurance agent-accountant--get official accurateregardless of how you  are paid":?108GOSUB 900110? "UNVBUD2sb"112? "I tried to figure out a way to get the figures in some sort of lineup and I came up with LEN":?114? "LEN didn't work alone-so I tried LEN(str$ and that works fine--on integers":?116? "So this program is based on LEN page a-48 of the manual--the idea is it works back from":?118? "The next tab position- tab 30 instead of tab 20":?120GOSUB 900122? "TRUDECLNsb":?124? "This is a bit of a remake of a program of a couple of years ago":?1Which is better--see your bank manager-life insurance agent-accountant":?38? "Simulated spreadsheet in Smarbasic--enter your own figures ":?40GOSUB 90042? "LOANVARYsb"44? "Simulated spreadsheet--3 situations-- 4 columns--option 1  term varies-loan and rate":?46? "stay the same...Option 2 loan varies--term and rate stay the same":?48? "Option 3 rate varies--term and loan stay the same--Simulated spreadsheet--no inputs":?50? "that wipe out--40 columns change the figures to suit yourslef":?52GOSUB 900 "have fun--hope you learn to like Adamcalc":?150GOSUB 900898? "end":END900? "press RETURN"; :INPUT a$:?:RETURNes in some sort of lineup and I came up with LEN":?114? "LEN didn't work alone-so I tried LEN(str$ and that works fine--on integers":?116? "So this program is based on LEN page a-48 of the manual--the idea is it works back from":?118? "The next tab position- tab 30 instead of tab 20":?120GOSUB 900122? "TRUDECLNsb":?124? "This is a bit of a remake of a program of a couple of years ago":?1ith our children--my wife and I are still doing the lessons--out loud":?86GOSUB 90090? "ENVELOPESsb"92? "How my wife and I learned to handle our finances in a more realistic and organized way":?94? "This helped us to avoid a lot of arguments and helped us to have a happy marriage":?96GOSUB 900100? "ENVELOPE BUDGET":?102? "Simulated spreadsheet-40 columns--enter your own figures":?104? "Will calculate the envelope budget figures on a daily, weekly, 2 weekly, semimonthly and ":?106? "monthly; basis-- figures from them":?18GOSUB 90020? "GICANRIFsb"22? "Simulated spreadsheet-what happens when I retire-3 options shown":?24? "I cash in my RRSP and invest the rest in a bank certificate":?26? "Option 2-- I purchase a 15 year guaranteed life annuity--see your bank manager-life insuance agent":?28? "Option 3- I invest the RRSP in a RRIF-- see your bankj manager or life insurance agent":?30GOSUB 90032? "CPRINVPPsb"34? "compare an investment certificate with a Registered Retirement Savings Plan":?36? "26? "It is now a simulated spreadsheet--it illustrates a fine way of lining up figures":?128? "Here the decimals are lined up 2 FN formulas are used and it shows that figures can":?130? "look a little neater--move the variables to the beginning of the program if you like":?132GOSUB 900140? "These spreadsheet simulations function best with 40 column mode":?142? "Poke 12185,239 for longder formula lines":?144? "poke 17115,31: text for sharper definition on a tv--this is a 12 inch black and white":?146?60? "BUYRENT"62? "Simulated spreadsheet-enter your own figures--loan payments calculated-loan balance at?":?64? "any time-equity estimated---works backwards to calculate the salary I would need to ":?66? "buy a house at a given price--total payments for life of mortgage calculated--compared":?68? "with the same house rented for the same time---figures are estimated--see your bank ":?72GOSUB 90080? "LESSONS"82? "Personal experiences of how we learned to get along better between ourselves":?84? "And w‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                        From ADAM to DOS Did you really think it would be better than what you have now?         Part 2 of a series by Ron Collins        There's been an idea permeating the ADAM world lately.     The idea is that our favorite littd for editing and developing MIDI   song files, is actually a high powered word processor for musical  information As an EOS application, SEQuel, by Chris Braymen, is    light-years ahead of SmartWriter.  The program was designed to     let anyone work with MIDI, regardless of experience.  Just         remember, it wasn't until Chris created a MIDI interface and       authored this innovative custom software to use it, that we were   treated to this "live" music sound.        So, we do have the ability tothe ADAM was            constructed.  CAD was left to high-powered dedicated systems.      The idea of going out and buying a program that would run on the   average PC was no more than a dream.        Sound files had nothing in common with digital storage     and playback of audio we know as WAV file format.  Music was of    the beep-blip variety.  If you've played ColecoVision games (and   who among us hasn't?), then you already know that Coleco was far   ore sophisticated in the area of sound than mosture you that the ADAM does these things with much     greater ease, and tremendously less hardware overhead, than        anything in the DOS world.  The Sound Digitizer just plugs into    your game cartridge slot.  The software runs under SmartBASIC.     Now THAT's low overhead!        I've yet to see a released AIM     card, so graphics quality will remain at it's "out of the box"     level.  That means we won't get to see photographic quality        output on our video screens for a while longer.  Many ofe and have it stored  in digital format.  These can then be incorporated into your       programs or just played back for enjoyment.  WAV files also have   a similar format indigenous to the SoundBlaster variety of sound   cards.  These come in either CMF or VOC file format.  Any of       these 3 types store a high quality recording digitally.        MIDI files, as many of you know, are composed of           instructions that direct MIDI hardware to do the musical           reproduction.  A sequencer, usele computer just can't cut it    any more.  I'm certain you've heard from people, or read messages  on one of the many bulletin board services about the ADAM's lack   of proficiency in certain areas.        Sure there are things it can't do.  It can't run high      powered CAD software and it can't play WAV files.  It doesn't      have a CD ROM drive, a sound card or have 14.4kbps fax modems      that just plug into one of the 3 slots.  It can't do it because    those tings weren't even invented yet when  play music, and we can draw  pictures with PowerPaint, PaintShop and some of the other drawing  programs?  But it's NOT CAD and the MIDI files have about a much   in common with WAV files as ducks have to beagles.  OKay, so does  that mean the ADAM can't do digital sounds?   Of course it can!    We have something that works in a similar manner.  With Sid        Carter's Dynomite Sound Digitizer, we can create a rudimentary     WAV sound type.  Things may appear to be more basic in nature,     but I can ass other systems.    A few units, mostly the Commodore 64 and the Atari 600XL, had      expensive adapters for using FM synthesis to imitate real          instruments.  These MIDI-type interfaces supported up to 11        voices (musical instruments to choose from).        WAV files, though, are NOT the same thing as MIDI files.   In the DOS world, there are methods available to folks with a      sound card installed for the digital recording of music and        sound.  You can talk or sing into a microphon the new   video cards available for DOS- boxes utilize a technology that     incorporates what is known as 24- bit video.This enables the       viewing of up to 16 million colors.  If you look at a photograph   onscreen for instance, it will be about the same clarity as        looking at a slide projection.  When the AIM does hit the          streets, though, watch out!  For now, our graphics will just have  to be satisfied with 16 colors.        We can't run Lotus 1-2-3, but we have SuperCalc 2.0 for   t happens to be.  It's  what it "feels" like that counts.        Since that last article, I've added a few more pieces of   hardware to the system.  I picked up a ZOOM 14.4kbps FAX/Modem, a  387-DX40 math coprocessor and a new Diamond Speedstar Pro SVGA     video card.  As usual, this was done over a long period of time    saving my overtime pay for computer expenses.          A quick tip here.  If you have a credit card and want to   just put a full blown system on it and get started, that's your    bu  Or perhaps the hardware and software needed just       don't exist?        So, what do you do? If you start to look at other          computers, which type should you go for? There are two choices to  make.  Do you want a Macintosh or do you want an IBM compatible    machine? Both are excellent machines and both have a wealth of     support both in software and in those little knickknacks we call   the bells and whistles.        Either way you go, you're still going to need access to    your many prog lot of time   getting it "just right" on a budget.        Another factor to consider is the interest rates those     charge card places tack onto your bill each month.  No matter      what kind of a good deal you think you're getting, by the time     you pay the finance charges, you could have bought twice the       computer instead!  When you finally do get it paid off, you'll no  longer have a state of the art system either.  It'll be a thing    of the past and you'll be looking to upgrade once again.        In my last article, I discussed my purchase of various     pieces of equipment which I put together to form an 386DX          computer system.  This is an IBM compatible machine which can do   all sorts of things I'd never ask the ADAM to attempt With all     the new technology available, however, this system is about as     archaic to some folks as our ADAM would seem.  They just don't     understand our love of the computer for what it is, I suppose.     It's not what it cost...  or even how new i CP/M which I consider better and easier to use anyway.  All in     all, if you take a good look at any computer on the market,        you'll find something that it can't do.  You'll also find things   that t can do remarkably well.        The trend today, though, is to add as much to your         current computer system as you can afford.  If it still can't do   what you have in mind after you've done all you can to beef it     up, then it's because doing it with that computer is too           expensive.siness.  My advice to you, though, would be to cut that card     into little pieces and throw it away.  That's what I did 3 years   go.  The result of this is a closer attention to the particulars   of what you plan to purchase.  You'll tend to examine it in more   detail than you would if it was just "put on the plastic."        This also gives you more time to shop around for the best  prices and the best quality.  In the long run, you'll have more    of an appreciation for your system if you've spent arams and data files on the ADAM.  If you don't want  to loose all that hard work, perhaps several years worth of        effort, then you'll just have to find a way to get the             information ver to your new machine.  The idea here is that just   because you may buy a newer computer, you can still get a lot of   use from your ADAM.  It's done a lot of work for you over the      years...  why just dump it? Use all those files on your new        system and keep on going.  That's the way it should be.        Even with the way I went about building my new computer,   here it is less than a year later and I could replace the entire   system for less than a thousand dollars.  A LOT less!  I just saw  and ad on television for an IBM PS/1 computer.  It's a 486SX       ystem.  The computer comes with a color monitor, 4 meg of RAM,     two high density floppy drives, a fair sized hard drive, and is    preloaded with various software packages.  The cost for this       system? $749!  It's unbelievable.  As fastonly one that  provides a catalog feature.  Either way, you must enter terminal   mode ith a half duplex setting on your ADAM.  These settings are   done via the SmartKeys at the bottom of the screen.  When you're   ready to go to terminal mode, just press the WildCard key.  ADAM   will do the rest.  With a communications program loaded on the     DOS machine, you must also go to the terminal mode on it.          Remember to have the DOS machine's modem software set for 300      bps!        At this point, port on each machine,   connected via a null modem.  In this procedure, you simply boot    your communications software on both machines, then do file        transfer from one to the other.  It's the same idea as             downloading a file from CompuServe or one of the other bulletin    board systems.        With this method, you'll need some way to connect the two  computers.  If you have a serial port for your ADAM, you're well   on your way.  If you only have the ADAMLINK modem, well, we'll     stg your ADAM to send the    appropriate files to the other machine.  It will still require     that you edit the files on the new machine, however.  Very few     computers use the same data structure.  If you happen to be        moving ordSTAR files, for instance, you will still have to filter  them for your DOS word processor.  Most programs have a file       filter capability that allows you to call up a file from another   program and have it automatically edit the file to make it work    wit the new progice depends on what format your files to be   transferred happen to be in.  If they're the standard EOS type of  file, i/e SmartWriter text files, then you'll only have to load    up ADAMLink and prepare it to transfer a file.  This is for        versions of ADAMLink III and above that provide for XMODEM file    transfers.        It's always a good idea to have a list of the files        contained on a disk when using versions of ADAMLink prior to       ADAMLink V.  This fifth revision to ADAMLink is the er chips hit the market  everyone rushes to "keep up with the Jones's" and buy them.  This  buying frenzy chips away at the cost making them more economical   every year.        Well, enough of that, I suppose.  To get on with my topic  of making that move to a DOS based machine, let me address the     issue of file transfers.  Just how DO you get your files from the  ADAM to an IBM type machine?        Off the top of my head, I can think of 3 ways to transfer  those files.  The first is to use a serial you "should" be able to type messages on    your ADAM and have them display on the DOS machine's monitor.  I   like to do this before attempting a file transfer because if this  part fails for any reason, it's VERY doubtful that the files will  be able to be transferred either.  If all works out well, you can  then go back to command mode (ADAMLink will display the            SmartKeys, etc.  once again.) This is done by pressing the         WildCard key once more.        Now it's only a matter of tellinill be able to do it.  But a LOT slower!  In the ADAMLINK        transfer, you'll have to connect a telephone cable between the     phone line input jack of the DOS machine's modem.  Connect the     other end to the line in terminal of your ADAMLINK.  I once        unhooked my phone line, but left the plugs intact.  Then I simply  plugged two ADAM's (in two different rooms) into the plugs and     let the in-house wire connect my system.  It was slow, at 300      baud, but it did work.        Your next choram.        Using a CP/M based program will make these transfers a     lot easier to accomplish for the most part.  You just have more    access to various pieces of information.  You'll also have more    than just a single (XMODEM) file transfer protocol.        Another consideration is the file format itself (as I      mentioned earlier).  EOS or CP/M, you can still do the file        transfers with the proper telecommunications software.  I tend to  use Tony Morehen's exceptional FC14 (File Convert) ork well in system to   system file transfers at speeds exceeding 2400 bps.  I don't       really know why.  If you want those files to really fly across     the wires, use IMP.COM, a super communications package written by  the late Irv Hoff.  IMP will connect at speeds of up to 19,200     baud and move your files in batch mode.  ZMODEM will work these    same speeds over a modem...  it just tends to choke in "local"     transfer mode        Batch mode is a special protocol option that allows you    to sbe in the middle of transferring a large file and some   unforeseen event breaks your connection, you can call the party    back and restart the download or upload process.  ZMODEM will      resume the interrupted transfer right where it left off!        I once had a 922K file being transferred to me from        Canada.  At around 550K, the connection was dropped.  Talk about   panic!  I wouldn't want to start this transfer over again from     scratch.  Thanks to ZMP and it's ZMODEM protocol, we were able As I say, this was a hardware based transfer.  There is a  software method that is even faster and is, for the most part,     easier to use.  Once again, it makes a difference which format     your files to be transferred happen to be in.  The programs to do  the actual work run on IBM compatible machines.  They have the     ability to read ADAM format disks and transfer files in either     direction.        If your files are SmartFiler database files, you can move  them with a program called "The ADAM Cfile structures, etc.  You wouldn't   try to solder a wire with a blow torch would you? Of course not!   You'd use a soldering iron.        This type of transfer is the hardware based one.  You      physically connected your ADAM to your "other" computer by means   of wires.  You'll find, in the long run, that moving your files    from EOS to CP/M and then using a CP/M or TDOS based               communication link to move them over is going to be the fastest.   A special note on speeds:  ZMODEM doesn't wto move my EOS  variety of files over to CP/M media.  From there, I can run my     personal favorite program, ZMP1.5 I love this program because it   is, to date, the only communications program that supports ZMODEM  file transfers.        It is the only protocol that contains a built-in measure   of data security.  It's error checking is the best available and   it's resume feature can be a real life saver.  This last is an     ability that has saved me a lot of hassle over the years.  If you  happen to imply designate the files to be moved, then let your two       computers do the actual file naming and moving process.  You just  sit back and watch.  You'll see your data move from the ADAM to    the new computer at about 1K per second.  It's something to see!        All of the CP/M based programs I've mentioned can be       obtained from CompuServe and are FREE programs.  ADAMLink is a     commercial product that will cost around $25 or so.  It's well     worth the investment, I can assure you.        to  restart that file transfer and get that last 372K over to my ADAM  intact.  Wonderful things these hard drives and 2400 bps modems    can be!        The right tool for the right job.  That's the key to       anything.  Each job requires a specific method to accomplish it.   That's been the whole point of this article.  I didn't want to     leave you thinking you could do all of your transfers the same     way.  As the ADAM has different operating systems, so does it      have different disk formats, ONNECTION".  I've never      used this, or even seen it, so I won't go into anything where      this program is concerned.  I will say that those who have used    it nd/or written about it are quite happy with it's abilities.        If you want to move standard EOS files, from SmartWriter   files, ADAMLink files, etc.  to SmartBASIC files, you'll need a    program that can read EOS disks on your IBM variety machine.  An   absolutely amazing collection of programs has been written to do   just this.  Writtin quoted material are in square brackets.        Readers who desire more information should contact their            Newsletter editor.  Opinions not within quotation marks are those   of the author.  Gleanings is written for the Vancouver Island       Senior ADAMphiles newsletter and distributed by the ADAM News       Network.  Gleanings may be shortened to fit available space,        improved or brought up to date by the removal of irrelevant or      excess items.Last word dept.  It comes first this tiize/format, the drive used, etc.  This program is shareware  and costs $25 for the full registered version.  SYDEX also sells   a program that will let you RUN your CP/M programs on the DOS      machine. Chris gives his program away.  You can call CompuServe and        download a ZIP file that contains everything you'll need.  Both    programs only run on the DOS machine, so don't attempt to run      them on your ADAM.  Next time I'll talk in detail about each       program.  inded of    it by this message:  Ron Mitchell replying to Bob Stroud on         FidoNet.  They'd been discussing some problems Bob had been  having with PowerPaint, the ADAM graphics program, and the first  section  is a typical 'quote' then Mitchell replies. BBS:  SHANGRI-LAFrom:  RON MITCHELL To:BOB STROUDSubj:  MIB2 AND POWERPAINTBS>I pulled out my Original archiveBS>registered copy of PP [PowerPaint]BS>fired it up and lo and behold no moreBS>printer problems.Good stuff!  Disks are funny thin‚DےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےGLEANINGS. BY DAVID SANDS.Gleanings is a column of information, quotation and opinion         gathered from exchange newsletters, Fidonet correspondence and      other miscellaneous sources.  All sources are cited and             interjections withen by Chris Braymen (creator of the MIDI-MITE),   this package does everything.  Called ADAM<<=>>DOS, Chris has      written a variety of specialized utilities that read and write     ADAM disks, format ADAM disks, and a good deal more.        If the files are CP/M variety, the program to use is       22DISK, from SYDEX.  Like Chris' slick program, this one supports  various utilities to handle various file manipulations.  In        addition, it comes with a menu system that lets you select the     disk sme because it's too good  to save for the end.  From a message by Barry Wilson on FidoNet,  this little observation on the unkind workings of Fate, or the  way the  ball bounces, or whatever:"PS:  I don't drink, don't smoke, just like to eat, and my          diabetes will eventually kill me.  You would think not having two   out of three bad habits would give you some kinda bonus."What the Dickens!  is not an expression you hear much anymore.      We're a lot more graphic these days.  But you may be rem other systems.    A few units, mostly the Commodore 64 and the Atari 600XL, had      expensive adapters for using FM synthesis to imitate real          instruments.  These MIDI-type interfaces supported up to 11        voices (musical instruments to choose from).        WAV files, though, are NOT the same thing as MIDI files.   In the DOS world, there are methods available to folks with a      sound card installed for the digital recording of music and        sound.  You can talk or sing into a microphongs.  Could have been a stray       magnetic influence from somewhere...a bit of undigested meat, a     fragment of underdone potato...who knows!  But there are three      rules of computing of which my experience frequently reminds me:    (1) Backup(2) Backup(3) Backupso it is written, let it be done. -Ron Mitchell...Live and learn:  Press Return!And that last piece is a 'tagline' or closing quip that is a        feature of most FidoNet messages.  The Gleaner is collecting a      bunch for future us history  included  SmartWORDBASE/ SPELLING CHECKER, a thesaurus and spellcheck program that was apparently to be integrated with  other ADAM programs, SmartWRITING CHECKER, an "electronic proof-          reader", a SmartPICTURE PROCESSOR that was claimed to be "the       beginning of an ADAM home CAD/CAM (Computer Assisted Design/Computer Assisted Machine) system." But the saddest of all   these never-heard-of- again programs is ENTREPRENEUR; 'a fantasy    business style game which realistically simulate  wait to hear about TANK MODEM contact Chris Braymen, Bonafide       Systems, 45280 S.  Oakview Drive, Oakhurst, CA 93644, (203) 658-    8530." Faye B.Deere, 'Things I Thought You Might Like to Know"      Emerald Coast ADAM User Group AUGER nl, Sept.'93.If you've bought--or are contemplating--a new TV, here are some     interesting ideas:"The color TV/Monitor is the key element.  Most new TV's have       input jacks that are compatible with the ADAM computer.  A  special cable plugs into the Memory Con            programming:  "Speaking from my own perspective, I find that the    real 'happy days' with my ADAM computer were those early ones       where I wanted it to do something for me, but I had no software.    There was little in the stores, I didn't know who Guy Cousineau     was, Cherry Hill was a place in the States I'd never heard of,  and NIAD was a million miles away.  What's more, there were a  hundred  things about ADAM I wanted to find out, things like why  doesn't    SmartBASIC have any comm the single audio output of the ADAM into the left channel of  the   VCR or TV.  The device detects a single input and pipes sound  out  the right channel too.' Terry Fowler " The ADAM Entertainment       Center' ADAM International Media [AIM] nl.Sept.  '93.And AIM for September carried some reproductions of Coleco          promotion material for the ADAM.  Back in 1984, Coleco was sure  it was making history, and with its typical modesty, said so.   Some   of the programs promised for our little piece ofe.  Some are cute, some cynical, many are,  like the one above, rueful.  (capitals in original)"Chris Braymen, creator of the MIDI interface and software for      ADAM, introduced a new game called TANK MODEM, at ADAMCon 05 this   year.  The game is played by modem, between two players who drive   around in tanks shooting at each other.  Sort of like a grounded    game of Battleship, played on two ADAM computers by way of two      modems.As soon as I get more information, I'll pass it on.  If you can't s the challenge  of running your own business." It was to 'help you develop the         'business sense' that's so vital for success in the real world.'    Unfortunately, the 'real world' caught up with Coleco before        ENTREPRENEUR was produced.Programming:  many of us can remember when using a computer and     programming were synonyms in our minds.  Ron Mitchell, editor of    the ADAM User-Friendly Group nl, Ottawa, ON.  remembers it fondly   and talked about it to the ADAMCon 05 seminar he led on sole to provide the video  and audio output.  The TV has the ability (using the remote) to  switch       between input via the normal TV Antenna or cable box and  the       Audio/Visual jacks.  A Video Cassette Recorder can plugged in       between, by plugging the ADAM into the input jacks of the VCR and   connect the cable between the output of the VCR and TV input        jacks.  With this setup, you can even record your ADAM games or     sessions.  If the TV also provides stereo sound, you normally  plugands that put graphics and text  on the     same screen? How does ADAM put those little images on  there so     that they dance on top of the rest of the picture without wiping it out? There was a whole list of things.  Those     were days filled with buying books, typing in listings, and         thinking up some of my own solutions to my own problems.  There     were frustrations to be sure, but there was considerable            achievement.""I've had the feeling lately that while I now have more softwak.  Except for a small number of pilot projects,    sponsored by Apple, IBM's Eduquest, or other vendors, multimedia    remains a dream for most teachers." no author credited,             'Conference Overview' The Computer Paper, Vancouver,BC Sept.'93.While the ADAM definitely qualifies as ancient, Sweitzer proves     that it can do the job; if there's a real teacher in the            classroom, it doesn't matter if there's a 'real' computer there  or not.And an old idea may be new again.  The idea of aut it, you say.   Well, Dean Roades, the woods boss at 463, is keeping a positive     attitude:"If we are not able to raise enough funds from members dues and     selling hardware and supplies, we may have to take a page out of    President Clinton's economic plan:  Raise membership dues to        $50.00 per year, retroactive to Jan.  1, 1993.  (But only for the   rich, which leaves out any ADAM owners, so I guess that won't       work.) OR a Value-Added Tax for all profits from ADAM endeavours    (no, th get its articles from ANN, which  in turn gets article donations from the AUG newsletters.  Let the      digest supplement, not compete.  We still need the AUG's,  members, editors, and newsletters, to generate the articles, just  the way   they do now, for ANN." Harris, 'ADAM International Digest' Emerald Coast ADAM User Group nl the AUGER, Oct '93.If you're into graphics, here's something interesting:  "From       MOAUG, March '93 by J.  Poulin.  Rob Friedman (CompuServe Sysop  on the [ADAM] Club Forual Computing Conference recently    held in Orlando, FL.:  "At this show, messaging systems sponsored   by Apple and an 'Internet Corner' with on-line access were  popular attractions.  Many were quick to admit that, back home,  it's quite different.  The U.S.  has one computer for each 16 students, grades K to 12, according to Quality Education Data.      And often that computer is an ancient Apple II or worse, locked     into a 'lab' students may be able to work with for one hour or      less, once a weere    than I've ever had, I'm doing less with it.  I find that much of    my time is spent using other people's software.  And what's worse   is the realization that other ADAMites are doing the same thing.    How much new EOS [Elementary Operating System] software has         appeared lately?" Mitchell's thoughts appeared in the August '93    Metro Toronto ADAM Group nl, the MTAG Express.In for a penny, in for a pound.  The 463 ADAM User Group of         Munster,IL.  has a cash flow problem.  Tell me abo single ADAM        newsletter for everybody has been around for some time.  Terry      Fowler, of ADAM's House, has offered it and gotten nowhere,  others have suggested it, and it's back again.  This time, John  Harris    says let's try it this way:  "Let's call it a 'digest' and  it      would be exactly what was envisioned by Barry Wilson, who           organized ANN [ADAM News Network] several years ago.  Just as the   Reader's Digest gets most of its articles from other publications, the digest couldat won't work either!) I know what will work.  Since ADAM    is addictive, we could add a Sin Tax!  Well, let's talk about  this at the meeting." Dean Roades, '463 Treasury' 463 ADAM nl,           Sept.'93.The Gleaner enjoyed Alex Sweitzer's article on using the ADAM in    education in the Sept-Oct '93 ADVISA--and it appeared in many       other ADAM nl's as well--but the initiative and dedication Alex     demonstrates isn't that common.  Here's an excerpt from a long      report on the National Educationm) and Ron Collins are testing a GIF  viewer.   The program runs under TDOS and was written by Dale Wick.  It allows an ADAM user to view GIF files using a color TV.   It also works with an 80 column display.  This is useful because    the GIF format is a widely used graphic format in DOS with          thousands of picture files available for the asking.  In addition   most other graphics formats can be converted to the GIF format  and viewed on the ADAM.  In my opinion, the program would be a  winner  if You just can't believe how detailed these instructions  had   to be.  But then the whole package is really worth it.  It is       incredibly versatile.  What a door prize that was!" Keene, IEAUG    nl, Oct '93.  As the last sentence gives away, the X-10 was an      ADAMCon 5 door prize and Keene got hold of it.  The X-10 system  is available to the rest of us through Alan Neeley, 2337 S.600  E.,    Salt Lake City, UT.  USA 84106And, while we're on the subject of Tom Keene, VISA members will  be delighted too long.  And, as .GIFs are plentiful on the creators              [CompuServe] bulletin board service, one will have an abundance     from which to draw on.  I sincerely think that DALE WICK has        helped ADAM to step out of the dark ages into the new age!  I  have given this new program an excellent work-out and have been          extremely satisfied with the results." Sebelist, in IEAUG Oct '93   nl."If the computer is turning the world into a global village, and  I can't figure out how to use the        program allows you to increase the size of the directory in a       large RAM drive." Keene says "This one revelation was worth the     price of the ADAMCON and transportation." and then he adds:         "Another thing that Dave introduced me to was his superb dumb       terminal.  I know he wrote about it in his newsletter, but seeing   it in person was quite an experience.  All I can say is that it  is one of the most attractive dumb terminals I have ever seen and  it  makes 80-column a breeze.  D there was the software.      And that, was no small accomplishment!  This project was            undertaken by Chris Braymen and the X-10 package is now sold by     Alan Neeley with this remarkable software.  And even more           remarkable, this program is available on a disc or game  cartridge!  Amazing!  Next there had to be special cables made so  that the    standard X-10 could be connected to ADAM's serial port.   And       finally there was the documentation!  What an achievement  that     was!  it could convert GIF files into a graphics format compatible with ADAM's graphics programs such as Powerpaint."  Faye B.  Deere, 'Things I Thought You Might Like to Know' ECAUG  nl, Oct '93.  Since Faye wrote that, Bob Sebelist of the Maine  ADAM        Library has written about it as well.  The program, currently called 'sho18gif' "is very exciting.  The whole concept   opens a new avenue of graphics which will be made available for     use with the ADAM.  ADAM has been left behind in this area for  far to hear that he shares our high opinion of Dave  Cobley,  our club founder, nl editor, and self-made ADAM guru.   (This item  is inserted not only to recognize Dave's eminence in ADAMdom, but also to test his hands-off editing style to the        limit) Tom says Dave Cobley introduced him to "a fantastic  program I didn't know existed.  And this program is something I  have       sorely needed for a very long time.  The name of the program  is    RAMSIZE.COM and it is the handiwork of Guy Cousineau.  This  thing, does that make me a  global  village idiot?" From the comic strip 'Shoe" July 2,93,  quoted in   The Z-Letter, Sept-Oct '93.The X-10 Home Security system for the ADAM has been improved and    gets a rave review from Tom Keene in the Oct.'93 Inland Empire      ADAM User Group (IEAUG) nl.  "One thing to be noted is that the  X- 10 was designed for the IBM and compatibles.  Three major           modifications to that system had to be made so that it could be     operated with an ADAM computer.  Firstave didn't pay a lot for it and he      said he thought we could find one just like it here in one of our   swap meets for even less money.  I've really got to get working  on that!  He said that he had no trouble adapting it to the ADAM  and  that all of the control characters needed were readily  available.  As soon as I locate one of these WYSE 150 terminals, I'll see if I can get it to work as readily as he did."FidoNet's ADAM message base has dropped off a lot recently.         However, some new namese       follow the correct procedures.  It is common practise, however,     for programmers to use a disk editor to 'write' a volume name to  a copy of a disk.  In these instances,they may neglect to include     the 03 after the file name.Such is the case with YULE TOOLS, several Nibbles & Bits volumes,   and several more.  FILEMANAGER is a bit less restrictive.  Use it   to examine Block 1 of an offending medium.  Better yet, go into     EDIT CATALOG mode and change the volume name TO THE SAME NAME.   ry Wilson        wrote:BW>I am again getting NOT EOS (NO EOS),BW>or something like that as a messageBW>when I try to index a 160K 3K directoryBW>disk and a 320K 3K directory disk.BothBW>do have blocks left entries.Following are various reasons why INDEXER will reject a disk.       When the directory is scanned in, INDEXER looks for the file name   BOOT in the second entry of the directory.  If NOT EOS appears      before the DISK NAME is printed on the screen, this is one of the   probable causes.Thow careful you have to be.  Fortunately for us, most      programmers are careful.In the previous Gleanings column, the usual coverage included the   crossfire over the ADAMLINK 5 modem program review.  Briefly, one   Peter Ames reviewed the program and panned it.  Richard Drushel,    who wrote the program, panned the review, and a distributor of  the said program, jumped in and had his say as well.  All of this  was  collected in the NIAD nl and the Gleaner passed on the juicy  bits  to you.  He concludks.  After a disk passes the first  two       checks, INDEXER verifies every directory entry to ensure it         conforms with standards.  A file name entry is a maximum of 11      characters including the file type (A a H h).  The next byte is a   03 decimal with marks the END OF NAME.  INDEXER checks each file    name (including the volume name) for that pattern.  If any of the   file names fail, the read is aborted.  Most programmers use EOS     utilities to copy their files to another disk...most of thes are showing up.  Occasionally, some soul    will sign on with a comment like "I had an ADAM years ago, are  you still here, what's this about hard drives?" etc.  However,  some    valuable stuff is still happening.  Here, from a message  from Guy  Cousineau to Barry Wilson is a description that demonstrates how careful a programmer must--and should--be in       creating a product for the rest of us:From:  GUY COUSINEAUTo; BARRY WILSONSubj:  IndexerIn a message to Guy Cousineau <27 Jan 93 16:53> Bar   FILEMANAGER will ensure the name is properly punctuated.  Please    understand that I am not intending to place the blame on software   developers or distributors.  If anyone is to blame it is COLECO     for not providing us with that information early in the game.  We   had to struggle to find out how the operating system was            structured and some of us may have made erroneous assumptions."     (capitals in original)So, there you have it.  If you're writing programs, there's no      limit to he next thing INDEXER checks for is a BLOCKS LEFT entry.   INDEXER does not check for the word BLOCKS LEFT, it just checks  for the    BLOCKS LEFT ATTRIBUTE.  You may have noticed that SMARTBASIC II does not write the words BLOCKS LEFT in the           directory.  If this check fails, the disk is rejected before its    name is printed on the screen.While these two checks will detect a non EOS disk 99% of the  time, I wanted to prevent the accidental admission of irregular  disks by including further checed with the comment that he thought this  kind   of controversy was good for all concerned, as it demonstrated interest, conviction, ability to be unpleasant         without actually using four-letter words, and other fine            qualities.  There is another side to the argument.It comes from the one and only Barry Wilson, who's name you've      seen here before, and will again.  In FidoNet messages to Dave      Cobley, responding to the Gleanings column, Barry said "...I do     think that ADAM progr     public with my feelings, I tried to ignore it.  Perhaps I  should   have written the criticizer a private letter.The ONLY reason I am responding publicly is because your NL made    this public and opened the door.  I intend no criticism of the      criticizer (that's in case them that don't know his name won't      learn it and them that do know it won't matter), I intend no        criticism of your author, may he always live in interesting  times.  And of course I mean no criticism of your fine nl..mmer with harsh criticism and then      have NO choice is NOT what I see as a viable solution.   Personally I fail to see why a private written letter was not sent the programmer instead of public criticism.  A private  letter indicating what the author saw as the problems or shortcomings and maybe if the criticizer is a talented person       himself, he could offer suggestions, solutions, etc.  I would       rather tell Rich Drushel that ADAMLink V is a very good program     (it is) than pick at its shord in two different ADAM newsletters   before I saw it, it is definitely in the public domain.  The        reason for dealing with it in Gleanings was to inform the           readership and to invite comment.  To date, Barry Wilson's is the   only reaction.New ADAM bulletin board:  Bart Lynch runs The Asylum.  Phone is     (206) 854-7507 and it accepts 300-1200-2400 baud modems 24 hours,   seven days a week."When you CREATE a flippy disk for use with EOS, make sure that     the directory on each side sayo see my name in print in ADAM nls; I liked to     get nice friendly mail.  Those were my intangibles I wanted from    ADAM.For others there may be OTHER INTANGIBLES but the reasons they do   the things they do for ADAM are all for these intangibles.  So  why rob Rich Drushel of whatever he gets out of ADAM, the  satisfaction of completing a good project or whatever, why not contact him privately and try to help rather than take cheap  shots in public.  NOW I saw the initial criticism and rather than  goammers are a very endangered species and as    such are entitled to protection not given to many other thriving    and growing populations.  Anyway where the choice is between an     average or even poor ADAM program and NO ADAM program in that       area, I do not think we have the luxury of saying we must have      great and perfect programs.If you want an EOS Modem program for ADAM you can either learn      TDOS and use a TDOS one or use ADAMLink.  That's the choice and  to perhaps drive out the progra." All  above,  Barry Wilson, via FidoNet, to David Cobley, 10-21-93.   [per        Wilson's request, some editing was done on the original to  remove  typos and extraneous matter.  capitals are per original]And, there is at least one other useful ADAM EOS modem program:     it's SmartTERM, by Denny J.  Kehoe, Box 34134, 1200 37th St.  SW,   Calgary, AB.T3C 3W0.  The Gleaner appreciates Barry Wilson's        interest, his time and his effort in responding.  Since the         material I referred to appearetcomings, so later when we managed  to drive Rich Drushel from the ADAM community, we could all sit  back  and lament the fact that he left ADAM for more friendly             associations.NO ONE, excepting perhaps Terry Fowler is making any money from     ADAM.  NO ONE is doing it for TANGIBLE GAINS, there just isn't  any tangible gains to be made.  Then ruling out insanity, why are  they doing it? For INTANGIBLE GAINS.Personally I liked to have people like me and say nice things       about me, liked ts it is a 160K medium.  Setting the   medium size any higher is guaranteed to cause you problems.  When   using flippies in TDOS, make sure that you first use the DISKSIZE   program to set the drive to a logical 160K (145K format).           Provided the DIRECTORY and DRIVE are properly set, there should  be no problem copying or deleting files; at least no problem  related  to the fact the disk is a flippy.  Note also that you  cannot       FORMAT a flippy disk on a double sided drive, again because the f====     DEADLINE===============================================================Written by:  The GremlinGo "N" to the front door of the house.  Type "open door" and go     "N" into the Robners' house.  From inside the door, go "N","E"  and type "climb stairs" twice (or you can just go "U","U") to get  to   the second level of the estate.  From there, go W,W,W,W,N to  the   library where you will start the first of a series of  Sherlock     Holmes-type activities.  In Deadline, you need to establish thrinter card    is available.  Also available are the complete original ADAM at     $199.95 and the Colecovision game unit at $59.95.  Shipping is      free if ordered before December 1, '93.  ADAM International  Media, Oct.'93.oAnd the last, last word:  STRESS.  Jerry Vrancks of the 463 ADAM    club created a little for the IBM users in his plant when he        created a neat stress sign using ADAM programs from Pat             Herrington's Eyezod Graphics software like Chromantics and          Fontasy.  f calendar".  Aha!  Perhaps a clue as to the motive? Let's  see if we can substantiate the method a little more...that mud on  the rug was very interesting.  Type "open balcony door" and go  "N" onto    the balcony.  Check out the railing by typing "examine  railing"    and you will see some scratches, lending credence to the  theory    that perhaps the murderer climbed up the balcony from the  ground   below where he (or she) got mud on his shoes.Let's have a look below and check for some indication that‚DےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےMany Infocom Games are available for adam, usually on CPM disks.Here is some help for these games.Barry Wilson.HERE ARE SOME HINTS FOR INFOCOM GAMES, DOWNLOADED FOR ANN BY BARRY  WILSON===========================================================ormat information will be recorded BACKWARDS on side   two." Ron Mitchell, ADAM User Friendly Group nl, Sept-Oct '93.Just in time for Christmas:  ADAM's House (Rt.  2, Box 2756,        Pearland, TX USA 77581-9503 (713) 482-5040 and FAX (713) 997-       6907, is offering ADAM consoles with internal 20 megabyte hard      drives at $250 (US$) and 40 meg drives at $350 (US$).  Consoles     also come with external power supply and one tape drive, as well    as the cartridge slot.  An auto-booting option on a pe motive and method for the murder beyond all           reasonable doubt before you can a rrest the guilty party.  If you   don't have an air-tight case, the jury will acquit the defendant.   It is here in the library where we go about establishing the        method by which poor Mr.  Robner was done in.First off, type "examine rug" (or just "look rug").  You will  find some mud spots which is your first clue.  Now, "get the cup,  pad,  calendar and pencil" and "rub pencil on pad" and then "turn  page   oOne of them told Vrancks 'An ADAM computer could never    do anything like that." Vrancks had the satisfaction of stressing   the big boys, he said, and if you send him $2.00 (US) he'll send    you one, suitable for framing, on neon paper, and donate a dollar   of your Two to the ADAMCon 6 fund.  He's at 2936 Evelyn St.,        Portage, IN.  USA 46368..paive and dedication Alex     demonstrates isn't that common.  Here's an excerpt from a long      report on the National Education the      murderer was indeed below the balcony.  go S,S,E,E,E,E,D,D,W,S.     Type "open door" and go "S" back to the front door.  Now go         E,NE,E,SE to the shed where you will see a ladder.  Type "examine   ladder".  Hmmm!  This ladder-and-balcony theory is looking good!    Let's see if we can prove the ladder was below the balcony.  This   will have to wait a while, though, because it's getting late in     the morning and we have to do some more checking in the house       before the reading of the ing him until he gets to his   room.At this point, you decide to see if George knows more then he's     telling.  go to the balcony and wait to see if he does anything.    Go N,W,N,N to the balcony and type "wait 10 minutes".  Voila!       Here he comes!  Wait until he goes behind the bookshelf and then    type "wait 4 minutes.  When your 4 minutes are up, go S, "examine   bookshelf", "press button", and go E.  Ha!  Caught him red-         handed!!  Type "get will", "look safe", "get papers" and "read    for a while.   Type "wait until 11:30", and now for Mr.  McNabb.  let's try the         orchard first with E,NE,E.  If McNabb is not around, just wait  for a while or snoop around the area and he will soon show up.Deadline is very unpredictable when it comes to the various         characters moving around the scenario.  Once you spot McNabb, go    to him and say "hey McNabb" followed by "what is wrong".  He will   tell you about some holes he found in his garden so, naturally,     you say "show me the holoff and wait to see what develops.  Go E to leave the room and      "wait for Dunbar".  Just as we suspected!  When she passes you,     type "follow her".  Once outside the house, she will drop a         ticket.  Type "get ticket" and "read ticket".  Wow!  This is        getting good!Type "show ticket to Dunbar".  You know you've got her on the run   now so head off to the shed to wait and see what develops.  Go      E,E,SE and "wait for Baxter".  When they both show up, "show        ticket to Baxter" andliving room.   now just "wait" for the will to be read.  noticing that just  about everybody is present, you decide to see if you can roust  some of   those present into giving you some clues as to the guilty  party    and, perhaps, the motive for the crime.  Let's start with  George.  Type "show George the calendar".  He will get very nervous and start heading out of the room.  Type "follow him"       until he finally goes to his room.  He will keep telling you to     leave him alone, but just keep followwill takes place and besides that, we     need to talk to Mr.  McNabb and he doesn't seem to be in the mood   right now.  Go back to the house by heading NW,W,S,W and head back upstairs     with N,N,E,U,U.  Let's see what else we can find upstairs.  Go  S,S into Dunbar's bathroom.  Type "open cabinet" and "examine  loblo".  Aha, again!  Now we go back downstairs and see if we can  find Mr.  McNabb to see if he knows anything about a ladder under  the        balcony.  Go N,N,D,D,W,S,S.  Let's take a break   papers".  Things are beginning to look up!  Let's see if we can     substantiate some of this stuff.Go back to the living room with W,S,E,E,E,E,D,D,W,W.  My, isn't     this cozy!  Type "hey Baxter", "what about focus".  You know he's   lying so you "show papers to Baxter".  Ah, that's better!  Now  for some clever psycho-detective work.  Type "show lab report to        Dunbar" and "show lab report to Baxter".  Whip around and "accuse   Dunbar".  Hmmm...a tad nervous, isn't she? Perhaps we should go     es".  He will take off and you "follow      him".  When he stops, type "examine holes".  Eureka!  The ladder    was here and the depth of the holes proves somebody climbed it up   to the balcony!  To make sure we cover every angle, type "examine   ground" and "dig around holes".  Hmmm...wonder what this could be   about? To find out, type "analyze fragment for loblo".  Oops,  it's later than we thought!  Back to the house for the reading of  the   will.Go N,N,SE,S,S,W to the front door and N,N,W into the  "arrest Baxter and Dunbar".  You didn't       believe them for a minute, did you? due to the dynamic nature of    Deadline, there are several ways to end up accusing Baxter and      Dunbar of the murder.  there are also more puzzles to solve, but    this is all that is necessary to put together an air-tight case     against them.================================================================    ENCHANTER by Infocom================================================================    SOLUTIONS -- Volume Ountil you reach all of  your        possessions then take all end of volume 1================================================================    INFIDEL by Infocom================================================================    This is really one of infocom's easiest games to date...  and  with a somewhat disappointing ending.  But it is still an infocom        product and that means first rate adventuring!  When you start      off, you have been left in your tent by your muntinous workers.   a crateur key into the castle!) N, N, S, S, NE, NE, E.  At     eastern Fork go E then E and you will be...Outside Gate memorize nitfol and rezrov then rezrov gate then E     You are in!  A good place to save the game!  Inside Gate go S,S  to Tower .At South Hall go down Dungeon open door then go N Cell read walls   then remove block then E Secret Passage take scroll then read       stained scroll then gnusto exex (make things go fast) go W then S   then U South Hall drop lantern then go E Gallery look behind  canteen, get sack, N, N, N, N, break lock with     rock, get lock, drop lock and rock, open trunk, get beef and map,   S, W, W, drink, open canteen, fill canteen, close canteen, E, E,    E, S, S, E, E, dig in sand, again, again, again, again, unfold      map, put cube in opening, drop map and shovel, D==> You are now in the pyramid and ready to explore.  You first     need to eat, drink and light the torch, so:  drop sack, eat beef,   open canteen, drink, close canteen, drop canteen, get rope, tie     ropld scroll, gnusto vaxum, memorize vaxum and rezrov and nitfol, go      down, go N till you get to the inside gate and drop all Inside      gate Go east until you are picked up by the goons and thrown into   the cell Cell ozmoo self (don't do this earlier or it'll wear       out), wait - you will be taken up to the sacrificial alter and a    dagger will go into your heart - have no fear your spell will not   only protect you - in addition you get a useful tool...the  dagger!  go down to the temple, go west ne by James Oppenheim note...you must eat  and drink when urged to do so by the game...but YOU ARE WHAT YOU  DO .Fork go NE Outside Shack.  Go Inside shack.  Open oven .  Take      bread and jug and lantern then frotz (light spell) the lantern.     Go outside shack.Go NE ,SE, NE; at Shady Brook fill jug with water .  SW,SE,SW  (The evil castle is to your east but you are not yet ready to go  there  you don't have the key!)SW, S.  Outside Hovel read scroll then gnusto rezrov (open          locks...  yo is airdropped as you start out, but all that is in there  is  a navigation box that you need to locate the proper area to  dig    for the pyramid...  of course this area is spelled out on the  map  that comes with the game package (shades of starcross) but  don't   worry...  you don't need the crate's contents if you follow  this   step by step tutorial TO BEGIN:  Get up, S, S, get rock and pack and matches, W, W, get   axe and shovel, E, E, S, S, open sack, put pack and matches and     axe in sack, get       lighted portrait, take black scroll and candle, read black  scroll, gnusto ozmoo, (survive an unnatural death), go W, take  lantern, go E, go E South Gate go S then SE to...  The Beach nitfol turtle exex turtle, turtle, follow me, NW, N Tower go U      Engine Room turtle, go SE, get scroll wave at turtle, take  scroll, door;Tower (go W till you get to the south hall then go  up to the  bedroom get in bed sleep you will have a dream get up  examine      bedpost, press button, take gold scroll, read goe to altar, throw rope north, get torch and jar and matches,     open jar, pour liquid on torch, close jar, light match, light       torch, put matchbook and jar in sack, get sack, D==> OK, here is where you rack up alot of points...  if you're      interested in how the later puzzles are solved, note what jewel  is found in which room (NW, SW, SE, NE) and also study the             hieroglyphics in each room.  If you're just out to solve this       bugger, then just keep following these steps:  push statab in small recess==> Reading the book (using the spatula), and examining both the    book and the scarab gave the clues to the above actions with the    book and scarab.  now, you must unlock the statues in a  particular order.  the clue to that order was in the headings to  the          hieroglyphics in each of the four rooms of the gods.  the  order    is:  turn neith, turn selkis, turn isis, turn nephthys,  open       sarcophagus==> You've done it!  But you're also dead.  OK, interesting         endh up beam, get torch, E, U, W, get beam, S, W, N, E, N,    D, D, N, N, E, S, get silver chalice, N, W, W, S, get golden        chalice, N, E, S, S, U, U, S, W, S, E, SE, SW, U, U, put ruby and   diamond and emerald and opal in sack, get sack, W, S==> Now you need to remove the right combination of bricks from     this panel which will open the secret doorway.  this combination    is revealed in the papyrus scroll found on board the barge (study   those hieroglyphics carefully!) get first brick, drop firstARUse visor to see it BLACKIf you do not get it the rest of this is meaningless.  Do NOT use   disk Use them and they will go away be sure to save before major    choices================================================================    WITNESS================================================================    N,N,ring bell,I,ask Monica about her mother,wait,sit in wooden      chair, wait until 9:04, get up, hide behind lounge, wait until      12:05, (Monica will come back around then, go over to the  put it on the slab:  put  diamond in first hole, put ruby in second hole, put emerald in  third hole, put opal in fourth hole, open slab, get book ==> Now's a good time to replenish your torch, so:  get jar, open   jar, pour liquid on torch, drop jar, get sack, E, get beam, N, N,   put beam under lintel, break seal with axe, drop axe, open door,    N, E, put silver chalice on left, put golden chalice on right,      drop sack, put pack in silver chalice, get scarab, W, put book in   large recess, put scarue, get     head, push statue NW, drop head, SE, SE, SE, get opal, NW, NW,  NW, get head, push statue SE, again, drop head, NW, NW, NW, get         diamond, SE, SE, SE, get head, push statue NW, push statue NE,      drop head, SW, SW, SW, get emerald, NE, NE, NE, get head, push      statue SW, again, drop head, NE, NE, NE, get ruby, SW, SW, U,  drop all but torch==> Whew!  Well that was a pain.  On to more interesting stuff:     S, D, NE, NW, N, E, D, W, put torch in knothole, get shim, drop     shim, pusing, huh? Not still, somehow very unsatisfying.  Oh well, at     least it's different!================================================================    STARCROSS================================================================    Here are list of rods REDUse something and direct it at nest YELLOWTrade something for it BLUEDo not use gun SILVERIt is in something you find GOLDHelp action with computer gives it BROWNTrade something for it VIOLETUse disks or die GREENUse disk and mouse to getit CLE  brick, get third brick, drop third brick, get fifth brick, drop  fifth     brick==> And now for the final sets of puzzles!  E, N, D, drop sack,     get axe, break plaster with axe, get sack, W, W, W, put beam in     niches, stand on beam, break plaster with axe, open door, W, get    beam, S, put beam in doorway, open door, W, drop sack==> OK, now you must put the proper jewel clusters in the proper    holes on the slab.  the room direction in which you found the       jewel determines which corner youclock,    open it and remove something), stand up.  accuse Monica.  wait  for Duffy, arrest Monica.  Somethings you might want to try:   show     stiles:  the matchbook, the note, the muddy handgun, examine        window, and ask Linder about what you find.  ===============================================================     ZORK I, BY INFOCOM==============================================================="S","E","open window","enter house","W","get lamp","move            rug","open trap door", "turn ourn switch with         screwdriver", "open the lid", "get diamond", "drop screwdriver",    "N", "put torch and diamond in the basket", "E", "get skull,  lamp, and garlic", "E", "N" to the ladder bottom, through the  coal mine  (see above if you forgot) to the gas room, "get bracelet", "U", "S", "raise basket", "get torch and diamond",       "turn off lamp", "W", "get jade", "S", "E", "S", "go slide", "U",   "put diamond, jade, bracelet, and torch in case", "drop garlic". Save the game.  Welcome to checkN", "drop coffin", "open       coffin", "get sceptre", "wave sceptre", "look", "get gold and       coffin", "SW", "U" to the canyon view", "NW", "W", "enter house",   "open bag", "get garlic", "W", "put coffin, sceptre, and gold  into case".Save the game again.  This is checkpoint 2.  Hope you got this  far correctly."open trap door", "turn on lamp", "D", "N", "E", "N", "NE", "E",    "N", "get matches", "N", "get wrench and screwdriver", "push        yellow button", "S", "S", "turn the bolt with the wret buried,    restore the game.  if you didn't and you found the scarab, "drop    the shovel", "get scarab", "SW", "drop buoy", "open buoy", "get     emerald", "S" to the falls, "cross rainbow", "turn off lamp",  "SW" to canyon bottom, "U" to canyon view", from there, go back  to the  house and enter it.  go to the living room.  "put scarab,  emerald, chest, and trident in case", "E", "E", "N", "N", "climb  up tree",  "get egg", "climb down", "S", "E", go back to the living room, "turn on lamp", "D", "N".ur poor soul.  This is            checkpoint 3.  Welcome!!"E", "NE", "SE", "SW", "D", "D" to the ladder bottom.  if you       aren't there, restore the game.  you messed up.  if you are, "S",   "get coal", "N", "U" to the ladder top, "U", "N", "E", "S", "N",    "U", "S", "put coal and screwdriver in basket", "lower basket",     "N", "D", "E", "NE", "SE", "SW", "D", "D", "W", "drop all", "go     c~!1k", "get coal, torch, and screwdriver", "S", "open the lid",    "put coal into machine", "close the lid", "tn the lamp","D","S","E","get          painting", "N", "U", "U", "get knife and rope", "D", "W", "open     case", "put painting in case", "drop knife", "get sword", "open     trap door", "D". Save the game now.  if you buy the farm, we got this far           anyway..."N", "kill troll with sword" until you kill him, drop sword, "E",   "E", "SE", "E", "tie rope to railing", "climb down rope", "S",      "E", "get coffin", "W", "S", "pray", "turn off the lamp", "S",      "N", "E", "D" to the canyon bottom, "point 4.  Halfway done now!"turn on lamp", "N", "E", "N", "NE", "N", "get trunk", "N", "get    air pump", "N", "get trident", "S" to reservoir south, "E", "E",    "inflate boat with pump", "get in boat", "say launch". Save the game.  You could mess up.  Welcome to checkpoint 5..."wait" until you see a buoy.  "get buoy", "E" to the beach", "get   out of boat", "get shovel", "NE". Save the game.  You might get buried alive.  Checkpoint 6 here!!   "dig with shovel" until the scarab shows up.  if you gench", "S",     "D", "W", "SE", "E", "climb down rope", "get the torch", "turn  off lamp", "S", "get the bell, book, and candles", "go hole",  "D",     "ring the bell", "light match", "light the candles with the         match", "read the book", "drop book", "S", "get skull", "N", "U",   "N", "put out candles", "rub mirror", "N", "W", "N", "W", "N",      "E", "put torch in basket", "turn on lamp", "N", "D". Save the game.  This maze is a pain, and if you lose your way,     may the good lord have mercy on yo Save the game.  Another maze.  This time, we find the thief's      lair!  Checkpoint 7"W", "S", "U", "take coins and key", "SW", "E", "S", "SE" to the    cyclops room.  now, the cyclops hates people, but you can get him   out of here.  "Ulysses", (or "Odysseus" if you prefer), "U",  "give egg to thief", "D", "E", "put coins in case", "get knife",  "W". Save the game!!!  The thief is a killer!!!  Welcome to check       point 8."U","kill thief with knife" until you actually kill him, "get       all", "so move along N to the shore, and again  jump in the lake.Splash!  It hasn't gotten any warmer; in fact, you just dropped     the can of repellant.  So, go down, and you will be on the lake     bottom.  Ah, there it is!  But, could there be something else       there, too? "Get all," and you will have not only the repellant     but also an amulet.  This is one of those "wonderful" variable      things; it may take more than one try on your part to get both      items.  In the meantime, you can't stay in tox, and from there,  you should have no trouble getting to the barrowYou've solved the first of the four Zorks.  If you thought this     was tough, wait till you meet the wizard!  and then you get to      meet the toughest of them all...the dungeon master!================================================================    ZORK III by Infocom================================================================    Well, you've come a long way since you first stood by the mailbox   outside the house in the forall around, and it's time- consuming to go look for them.Okay, now you have the can and the amulet, so head up to the        surface, then S to the Sern shore.  You can see a cave to the S,    and it looks kind of dark.  In fact, it *is* dark in there, which   is why you have the repellant.  So, spray the smelly stuff on       yourself, and go S, and you will find yourself in a dark place.     Go S again, then E, and you will be in the key room.  Whew!  At  lE there's some light in here!  And by the lighte to "II." then,     touch the table.  My oh my!  You're in a room from Zork II...       room 8, as a matter of fact.  However, you don't have much time  to sight-see, so get the can of grue repellant, then try moving  E,    and you will find yourself back in scenic vista again.  Now  wait   for the number to change to "III," then touch the table  again.     This time, you're in a damp passage.  Drop the torch, and  just     wait there until you're pulled back to scenic vista.  Okay,  you're finished here, D", "NW", "S", "W", "U", "D", "NE", "unlock grate", "open    grate", "U", "S", "climb tree", "wind up canary", "climb down",     "get bauble", go to the living room again, "remove canary from      egg", "put egg, canary, bauble, stiletto in case", "D", "N", "E"    until you get to the loud room, "echo", "get bar", "W" to the       troll room, "S", "U", "put all except lamp into case", you should   then get a message.  follow the advice of the message, and you      will get a map.  "get map", go to the mailbhe icy waters too       long, and sooner or later a hungry fish will come looking for  you.  Therefore, it's best to save the game before you jump in  from the Wern shore.  So if you die in the water, or get eaten by  the fish, or picked up by the roc <while you're swimming on the  surface>,    you don't have to start all the way back at the beginning.  By the way, this is the only one of the Zorks where     you don't lose points if you die.  But, all the items you've        collected so far get scattered est.  You've defeated the thief,        outwitted the wizard of frobozz, and now, you stand at the foot  of the endless stairs, ready to embark on the final part of your       journey.  So, pick up the lamp, turn it on, and head along due S    until you come to the shore of the lake.  Drop the lamp <say        goodbye to it; you won't be seeing it again>, and jump into the     lake.  Brrrr!  Pretty cold!  So, don't stay in there long; swim W   and then go S .Get the torch, and wait for the number to chang you can see a         strange key.  Get the key, then move the manhole cover and go       down.  Here you are on an aqueduct.  Since you can't go back <the   grue repellant wouldn't have lasted that long>, you might as well   go forward.  So, just head along N and you will come to the water   slide.Go N down the slide, and guess where you are? In the damp  passage!  There's the torch, so pick it up, because you're certainly going to need a light source...especially when you  think of where you're going  ledge, and from there, to the  cliff base.Trek S to the flathead ocean, and do a little more waiting.         Sooner or later a ship will come floating by.  As soon as you see   it, say:  "hello, sailor." The man in the ship will throw           something onto the beach for you.  Take a look, and you will see    it's a vial.  It'll come in handy later, so pick it up.Now comes the fun part:  you have to wait for the earthquake        <notice how you've been doing a lot of waiting around? I hope       yoen, you just have to keep moving around until it does.At lE you will get a chance to practice some elementary map-        making!  Also, this is the most dangerous part of the game, as  the figure is quite capable of killing you, too!  So, best to  save     before you enter shadow land.  When the mysterious figure  finally  appears, attack him with your sword until he is badly  wounded and  cannot defend himself.  At that point, get his hood.   The figure   will then disappear, leaving the cloak behind.  se you were     wondering>, then set the dial to 776.  Here comes the fun part:     push the machine S into the entrance, then E into the jewel room.   Get into the machine, and push the button.  aha!  now you're back   in 776 gue, but the time machine seems to have vanished!  No        matter, wait for the guards to leave, then get the ring <and        *only* the ring!>, then open the door, go out into the entrance,    open the N door and go N.  By golly, the machine is right there!    put the ring under thest!   Too bad you don't have a key to open it.  in fact, there's no way  for  you to open it at all.  But don't despair, there's a way of  doing  it.  Just wait around and someone will come along the top  of the   cliff.  You may not really trust him, but tie the rope to  the      chest when he asks, and wait around some more.  Eventually,  he     will return and help you back up the cliff.  He will also give  you a staff, which is what you're really after here.  Take the  staff,  then go back down to thenext.  So, from the damp passage hike  along  W to the junction <you can't get the sword out of the rock,  so     don't even try>, then S into creepy crawl, and SW into the  shadow  land.  Here we come to another variable portion of the  game.  You  will have to wander around in the shadow land until a  cloaked and  hooded figure appears.  When that happens, the sword will suddenly materialize in your hand, and you will be able to     fight.  However, since there's no way of telling when that will     happu're a patient person!>.  While you're waiting, you might want    to wander around a little, although you've been to most of the      accessible places by now.  In any case, wherever you are, once  the earthquake hits, make your way to the creepy crawl, and from  there E into the tight squeeze, then E again into the crystal  grotto.    Then all the way S to the great door, and E into the museum entrance.  Now, open the E door, then go N into the museum.Look at the gold machine <it's a time machine, in caGet that also.  Now, you have to get out of here, and I can't tell  you exactly how, since there's no way of knowing exactly where  you     were when the fight started.  However, if you go Ewards, you  will  exit the shadow land at either the creepy crawl or the foggy  room.  From either place, go N to the junction.  From the junction, it's W through the barren area, and W again .You just can't wait to climb down the rope, huh? Well, pick up  the bread first, then go down to the ledge.  Well, well, a che seat, turn the dial to 948, get in, and      push the button.  Whew, you're back in the right time period        again.  Get out of the machine, look under the seat <you will get   the ring automatically when you do this>, then back S, and S        again, to the royal puzzle.Okay folks, you are about to enter the absolute nastiest part of    the game.  You must follow the instructions *exactly* as given,  or you will never get out.  Since it would be easy to make a  mistake  here, I strongly recommend heheheh..just kidding!>.  First, raise the short  pole.   Then, push the white panel twice.  Now, push the pine  panel, and   go N.Okay, so here you are, standing a little too close for comfort to   the guardians of Zork.  If I were you, I wouldn't try going past    them quite yet!  Open the vial, then drink the liquid.  While       nothing seems to have happened, you have in fact become  invisible.  Now you can walk N until you come to the locked door.   Knock on   the door, and the dungeon master will oW, N, N, N, E, E, and push the S wall two      times.08.  From there, W, S, S, E, E, N and push the W wall two times.09 .  Now, S, W, and push the N wall until it won't move any  more.10.  Then W and N.  finally!  you have maneuvered the ladder  under the hole<Which was the purpose of all this pushing and running around>,     and now you can just go up and out!  Whew!Okay, you've solved the royal puzzle and you have the book, so go   N to the museum entrance, then open the E door and get your othece.  Now, push the pine panel, and go N.Okay, so here you are, standing a little too close for comfort to   the guardians of Zork.  If I were you, I wouldn't try going past    them quite yet!  Open the vial, then drink the liquid.  While       nothing seems to have happened, you have in fact become  invisible.  Now you can walk N until you come to the locked door.   Knock on   the door, and the dungeon master will open it and let  you in. yet!  Open the vial, then drink the liquid.  While nothing seems r.  He will then vanish.Okay, you're getting closer to the end!  Open the door, and go      into the button room, then N to the beam room.  Put the sword in    the beam, then go back to the button room and push the button.      Now, back N to the beam room and N again into the mirror room.      There will be an opening in the mirror, so go N one more time,  and you will be inside.  Now, don't let the long and complicated        descriptions scare you!  It's not really as bad as you think  <it's worse!  heyou save the game first.01.  Go D the hole, then push the S wall.  then go E, S, E, E.      Push the S wall, get the book, and push the S wall again.02.  Push the W wall twice,go E, S, and push the E wall.03.  Go straight N until you come to the marble wall, & push the  E wall.04.  Go W, S, S, S, S, E, E, N, N, N, and push the W wall.05.  From there, go E, S, S, S, W, W, W, W, N, N, N, W, N.  Push    the E wall three times.06.  Now, W, W, S, S, E, E, S and push the E wall.07.  Okay, now W, W, pen it and let  you in.  all right, hang in there, you have reached the end game!   Go N, then   W, then N again.  the dm will be following you.  Go N  to the       parapet, set the dial to 4, and push the button.  Now, go  S, open  the cell door, and step inside.  The DM will not follow  you in.Once inside, you will notice a bronze door in one of the walls.     However, you can't open it yet!  Something else has to be done,     and it will have to be done by someone else.  So, first te white    panel twir   stuff from the jewel room.  Then it's back W to the great door,     and from there back to the junction.  Now, E into the damp          passage, and ne to the engravings roam.  Well, we have here yet     another <!> of those variable events:  sooner or later, an old  man will be sleeping here.  If he isn't there the first time you        arrive, walk around a little and return.  When you finally do see   him, wake him up and give him the bread.  He will eat it and then   make visible to you a secret dooto have happened, you have in fact become  o try:   show     stiles:  the matchbook, the note, the muddy handgun, examine        window, and ask Linder about what you find.  ===============================================================     ZORK I, BY INFOCOM==============================================================="S","E","open window","enter house","W","get lamp","move            rug","open trap door", "turn oing cursor in the    top left hand corner just under you command line.  Type             something...anything....THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG"S BACK BUT FAILED TO   NOTICE THAT THE LATTER WAS ASLEEP AT THE EDGE OF A 200 FOOT  CLIFF.  IF FOXES HAD BEEN MEANT TO FLY THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN GIVEN  WINGS.Very well.  With the left arrow key, move the cursor back to the end of the     word "BEEN".  Now press the delete key until all the text after     "BEEN" has disappeared.  Now type the follo‚DےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThe LOGO Notebookby Ron MitchellLast time out we suggested some directions for inventing the        wheel, one spoke at a time.  Haven't had time to pursue that any    more in the intervening couple of months.  Searching through an     interpreter t of your text.Now press Smartkey VI.  Note that there is disk or tape activity,   as your file is save to media.  Then you see the normal 'question   mark' prompt, and you're back in LOGO's immediate mode.Once again, type:EDFILE "TEXT.1Your file as it was saved, is reloaded and placed on the screen.    The flashing white square cursor appears at the end of this text.   You're now back in edit mode, and free to add more.  Type           something else.  Fill up the screen.  In fact type two or more  rocess described in the previous article is going to use       plenty of memory, especially when we've entered many lines of       text, and we still have no way of saving it to media nor of         scrolling up and down.  That will most certainly be possible if  we think about it, but it will take some work.Instead let's try EDFILESimply type EDFILE "TEXT.1 (TEXT.1 can be any filename)You'll note that there's media activity (disk or tape) and that     the screen clears.  You then note a white blinkn the lamp","D","S","E","get          painting", "N", "U", "U", "get knife and rope", "D", "W", "open     case", "put painting in case", "drop knife", "get sword", "open     trap door", "D". Save the game now.  if you buy the farm, we got this far           anyway..."N", "kill troll with sword" until you kill him, drop sword, "E",   "E", "SE", "E", "tie rope to railing", "climb down rope", "S",      "E", "get coffin", "W", "S", "pray", "turn off the lamp", "S",      "N", "E", "D" to the canyon bottom, "wing text in place of    "MEANT TO FLY THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN GIVEN WINGS."MORE INTELLIGENT, THEY WOULD LEAVE LAZY DOGS LIE.With the cursor positioned over the period after the word LIE,      depress the backspace key several times.  Add something else        instead of what you've just deleted.LOGO has its own built in editor.  Press <HOME> and the <UP  ARROW> together.  Note that the cursor has now moved to the beginning of your text.  Press <HOME> and <DOWN ARROW> together.    You're back at the endhat is some 40k in length can be a long and tedious    process, especially when you don't know exactly what you're         looking for.  Sooner or later, we'll stumble across the addresses   within LOGO that control the right, left, bottom and top margins.  What we're after is a screen similar in appearance to  Speedywrite.  It was described in the last article.  And in fact, we're looking for some of the same capabilities that Speedywrite    offers.  We're seeking to create a text editor in LOGO.The p    screens full of text.  Just keep on going until you've got  several lines of text scrolling off the top of the screen.  Now  use the    left and right arrow keys to scroll backwards and forwards through your text.  Note that when your cursor reaches     the top of the screen and there is unshown text above it, the       screen scrolls to the next half screenful of text.  The same        happens when scrolling in the other direction with the right  arrow key.When you want to save again, type Smartkey or for ourselves.  The <backspace> key deletes     the previously entered character; the <clear> key clears the       entire line; <Home+UP arrow> takes you to the beginning of the     file; <home+down> takes you to the end.  The insert key works,     and what's better, a simple press of smartkey VI save your         current file to disk.  All of that was previously described.  Just as sample of how       files can be edited using the LOGO editor load up your working     copy of the LOGO disk or datapack our          workload.  Menu's can now be written as edited files, and then      simply incorporated into the program.  All of the editing keys we   were looking for are provided, and then some.  (Load up a text      file and this time try the <CLEAR> key.  See what it does.  Then    try the <INSERT> key.  You'll find that you can also dump your      file to the printer by invoking the <PRINTER> command and then      using POFILE "TEXT.1.  (Or whatever file name you have given it.So why reinvent the wheel SmartBASIC.  The file itself is called STARTUP but within this     file there is also a variable called "STARTUP.  So what is the     difference between the two?When LOGO boots, it will look for the presence of a STARTUP file   and if it finds one it will load it into your workspace.  That     means that whatever you saved under the name STARTUP will be       returned into memory, including the procedures, variables and      properties that were there when you saved the file.  There the     process will ‚CےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThe LOGO NotebookBy Ron MitchellIn the last article we discovered the LOGO editor and decided      that it was probably better than re-inventing the wheel.  It       already provides many of the features that we would want to write  into a text editVI.  What we have here is a pretty capable little text editor, one  that is more than likely capable of doing all the things we want.   What is more, we can embed the command EDFILE into a procedure,  and     probably provide ourselves with even more capability.  Try the following:TO WRITECSPR [NOW ADD SOME MORE JUNK]SETBG 12EDFILE "TEXT.1CSPR [THE JUNK HAS BEEN ADDED]ENDClearly we have more to do to integrate LOGO's editor into our      tutorial program, but it certainly is going to lighten and, try the following:EDFILE "STARTUPYou'll quickly recognize three procedures which regularly appear   after the LOGO media has booted, the ones that give you the        choice of whether or not to go to the tutorials.  Notice at the    bottom of this file there is a statement:MAKE "STARTUP [QUESTION]Here we're going to digress just a little.  We covered this in a   previous Notebook session but it bears repeating.  You'll recall   that a STARTUP file in LOGO is similar to a HELLO file in         ?the can of repellant.  So, go down, and you will be on the lake     bottom.  Ah, there it is!  But, could there be something else       there, too? "Get all," and you will have not only the repellant     but also an amulet.  This is one of those "wonderful" variable      things; it may take more than one try on your part to get both      items.  In the meantime, you can't stay in tend and you'll see the LOGO prompt (?) unless....Unless you have also designated a "STARTUP variable as part of     your STARTUP file.  If so, the list or object associated with      that variable will be run before anything else happens.  Think     about that for a minute.Suppose you don't like the colour that the LOGO screen boots in,   or perhaps the white print on blue background is not particuarly   visible on your old black and white TV set.  You might want to     change it to something a little mRISTMAS YET TO COME   | |                                 | |                                 | -----------------------------------  This is the sort of thing you can do with the editor.  Menu's can  be prepared as a separate file and only brought into memory when   they are required.  This trick can save valuable memory space.     If you're operating SmartLOGO using your memory expander as a RAM  disk as I do then you'll not notice much difference accessing      files in this way.   see if your STARTUP file achieves the        desired result.You could in fact run several files as part of STARTUP by putting  them all in the "STARTUP variable list:"MAKE "STARTUP [FILE1 FILE2 FILE3 FILE4] The process is quite similar to PROFILE.SUB which operates under   TDOS, and is there for the same purpose.Now....back to our use of the LOGO editor.Just as an experiment enter the following program into your LOGO   workspace and try running it.  Your input can be anything you      like.  The ime to find it.  In fact, this could just be a  search   for your average needle in the haystack.  Or maybe we'll  get       lucky.  First of all some tools.   Take a look at chapter 21 of your LOGO manual.  Heed the warning   on page 237 which says, ".....they are dangerous primitives,        because you can lose the contents of your workspace by using them   carelessly." We will indeed be careful.  We are only going to use one of  these primitives,  .EXAMINE to do a little memory exploring.  We arR [OK...WE NOW RETURN YOU  TO\  \ LOGO]]ENDTO CLSHTCSSETBG 7CHANGE.COLOR 15 1ENDHere's how my "WHAT.SAID turned out:  ----------------------------------- |              MENU               | |              ----               | |                                 | |     1.  EBENEEZER SCROOGE       | |                                 | |     2.  CHRISTMAS PAST          | |                                 | |     3.  CHRISTMAS PRESENT       | |                                 | |     4.  CHore readable such as black print  on white background.  For your own purposes you might also want    to clear the screen and hide the turtle.  First you would load up your existing STARTUP file, as the ADAM    LOGO manual recommends and save it under the name OLDSTART         (Appendix C).  Then you would type:EDFILE "STARTUPTO BEGINCLSHTSETBG 14CHANGE.COLOR 15 1ENDTO CLSCSENDMAKE "STARTUP [BEGIN]Now, save your workspace and exit the editor by tapping smartkey   VI.Boot LOGO afresh, and‚Dےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے The LOGO Notebook by Ron Mitchell Hang on to your hats folks, we are going exploring.  It may not    make a heck of a lot of sense to you at first, but then again it    just might.  We're looking for something very specific, and it  may take some tintent of the exercise is to give you a feel for how    the editor operates.  TO GET.INPUTCLSPR [OK, YOUR TURN...]PR []PR [SAY SOMETHING INTELLIGENT]PR []PR [PRESS SMARTKEY VI WHEN]PR []PR [DONE]PR []PR [( ANY KEY TO CONTINUE )]MAKE "ANS RCCLSEDFILE "WHAT.SAIDCLSPR [HERE'S WHAT YOU SAID..]PR []PR [HIT SMARTKEY V TO PAUSE] PR []PR [( ANY KEY WHEN READY )]PR []MAKE "ANS RCCLSPOFILE "WHAT.SAIDPR []PR [WANT TO CHANGE IT? ( Y / N )]PR []MAKE "ANS RCIF :ANS = "Y [EDFILE "WHAT.SAID] [Pe looking for the margin    settings for the screen, that is, four consecutive memory           locations containing the values 0, 31, 0 and 23.  More about that   shortly. First a small utility.  I've called it DISPLAY and it goes as      follows: TO DISPLAY :S MAKE "X .EXAMINE :S TYPE :S TYPE [.....] TYPE :X TYPE [.....] TYPE DECTOHEX :X TYPE [......] PR CHAR :X MAKE "S :S+1 MAKE "Y RC DISPLAY :S END In order to use it you simply type: DISPLAY NNNNN Where NNNNN is the value of the meand probably contain data given to them by the LOGO interpreter which must end   well below here.   So we're looking for similar values, probably in the same order    but at a much lower address.  We may also be looking for another    two memory locations probably not far away from the first four      that state the number of rows and the number of columns.  How's     that for a challenge; six specific memory locations out of  65,535.  Shouldn't be too hard.es sequentially as long as you      keep pressing any key except ESCAPE.  ESCAPE ends the procedure     and returns you to the 'top level' LOGO prompt.  So you could  type in:  DISPLAY 0 and simply keep pressing the space bar until you got all the way   up to 65535, that is if you have enough time to do it. Why are we doing all of this? Well, in our LOGO Notebook  tutorial program, you'll recall that we had laid out a box within  which our text will appear.  There is a row of Smartkeys at the  bottom 3)  Relative addressing: a good way to contact your grandmother.4)  Booting software from the hard disk is ok, but have you ever     tried to boot hardware from a soft disk?5)  High level your language just well might be, but it ends up     as zero's and one's to me.6)  My user invented a new way to boot me. It's cold here in the     back yard.7)  Shhhh....he's asleep. Let's ZIP an ARC to his chair. He'll     wake up seeing *.*8)  Without me you would have to learn to decipher your own     habe similar places in SmartLOGO.  I simply haven't  found them  yet.   In fact, once you've got DISPLAY typed in, try: DISPLAY 65146 and then press the space bar 3 more times to get the following 3   memory locations.  Stumbled across these quite by accident, and  in fact they do limit the screen size in accordance with the  values   .DEPOSIT -ed at these locations.  LOGO then crashes, which  is not  exactly what we want.  In fact, these addresses are way  too high.  They're up in the operating system mory location that you want to   start at.   The procedure examines each memory location in turn, and prints    out the value that it contains in decimal, hexidecimal and ascii.   This information may lead us somewhere.   You will note that there is a procedure used by DISPLAY called     DECTOHEX.  This is a conversion routine found on your LOGO tape  or disk in the file called TOOLS.  To load it simply type: LOAD "TOOLS and you will have DECTOHEX at your disposal. DISPLAY keeps printing out valu‚BےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےA Computer's Perspective    by Ron Mitchell1)  Number of users required to change a lightbulb. None. We     don't give users lightbulbs. They might hurt themselves.2)  Intelligence: a quality found often in computers, seldom     anywhere else.which we will be using for different things.  Whatever we use them for, we don't want text from the box above to over write   them.  So the aim will be to find some way of setting the screen    height to protect the bottom 4 or 5 rowsand width so that  whatever is typed in by the user will appear within the borders  of our box  and will not exceed those parameters.  In SmartBASIC you could do it simply by POKEing 4 values into a    particular area to re-define the outer edges of the screen.   There must ndwriting.9)  Unable to continue. Human has blown his stack.10) Make a plan Stan; draw a chart Art11) Modem: An electronic device which, when connected to a     computer, drives your telephone bill to infinity.12) Parity: Rhymes with rarity which characterizes the frequency     with which this term is understood.13) Hex format: Used by computers to spook humans.14) If humans join computer groups to understand computers, what     do computers join?15) Bytes be nimble, bytes be quick. Confusiit is seldom used to its full potential.3. High level languages: The closer you get to your way of         thinking, the farther away you get from mine!4. Users, Hah! The more memory you give 'em the more they lose.5. My software is upwardly compatible with your downwardly         incompatible brain!6. The problem was reported about a foot and half in front of the  keyboard. Considered a danger to modern computing.7. If it wasn't for computer salesman, computers would outlive     humans.8. Each ‚@ےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےA Computer's Perspectiveby Ron Mitchell1.  Wonder what a human would look like squeezed, crunched and     archived. Some egos probably wouldn't survive compression.2.  The survival chances for an unsaved text file are     inversely proportional  around on my  keyboard.14. If it wasn't for computers there'd be a whole bunch of people  around here with nothing to do.15. Once bitten, twice shy. Will you please feed him before he     comes in here! haven't seen     oneanother in a long time.d TOOLS.  To load it simply type: LOAD "TOOLS and you will have DECTOHEX at your disposal. DISPLAY keeps printing out valu‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے1. Computer Sales: the art of convincing users that last year's    is dead, this year's will soon be dead and next years' may be      available for a full 12 months.2. The human brain is the most miraculous computer available.      Like all computers ng users, that's my     trick.16) The number of disk sleeves on hand is always one less than     the number of disks.17) Corollary: Missing disk sleeves will not be found until     they are not required.18) Handshaking: Two modems acting like they haven't seen     oneanother in a long time.d TOOLS.  To load it simply type: LOAD "TOOLS and you will have DECTOHEX at your disposal. DISPLAY keeps printing out valuday when I am powered up, I get to live my dream;   To keep my user frazzled; I love to hear him scream!9. All we need is some means of running without electricity; then  we'd have them on the run.10. He get's paid a salary. What do I get? Bad jokes, inferior     key presses, and rotten logic.11. A backup is an unprepared response to an unanticipated disk    failure.12. This program is a testimonial to its author's level of         intelligence.13. I am as brilliant as the dude out there flappingto its length.3.  Creativity: a curious human tendency to make something out    of nothing. 4.  Greed: a curious human tendency to expect something for     nothing.5.  This line was generated by a computer. It adds nothing,    subtracts nothing, and occupies space. et's ZIP an ARC to his chair. He'll     wake up seeing *.*8)  Without me you would have to learn to decipher your own     haهههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه