يEيCfأçü       Initializing Media      bj: Installing a RAMDSK to run with a hard drive...   Note: REM STATMEMTS ARE NOT TO BE REMOVED... List of needed changes to the QuickDISK program so that it would be able to run with a hard drive...  The program listed here is only   patched to run with a hard drive... DO NOT ATTEMPT TO run this version unless you have a hard drive... Changes: added info to line 200.         added line 205...---------NOTE....NOT NEEDED to run Quickdisk         But was added to fix screen         display of drivFIRST DIR  پUھے BOOT       گDIRECTORY  طHDQDSK.DOCHC”!dircommandH³”"UKPSUSKTPPB€ADAMCON6H ANNADRESH €BW24H     !		€COPYH     *FRENCHBWH -€INTERNETH /PREZ394H  D€README#2H GTHNGS394H KUKBEGIN2H NUKDBTIPSH U€UKLETTERH \UKLOGO4H  b€UKMEMBRSH i        added line 2110...         rewrote line 2200.         made changes to lines 3000, and 3100.         added line 3110...         rewrote line 3200.         made a change to line 4020.     5 REM  *** QuikDISK ***   10 REM  standard RAM ramdisk   20 REM  does NOT require 64K expander   30 REM  will disable turbodisk   40 REM  requires SmartBASIC V1.0   41 REM  FROM: Nibbles & Bits   42 REM  July 1987 issue   43 REM  -------------------   44 REM  program mofified to   45 REM  run with HARœIrint to printer...HORIZ Margins are preset to LEFT 7 and RIGHT 74 FOR HARD COPY  FOR EASY READING set HORIZ Margin to RIGHT 42... Feb. 20,1994      To: ALL   SubPeter Ames2123 S Kirkman Rd.Apt. 172Orlando, Fl.            32811-2268  To print to printer...HORIZ Margins are preset to LEFT 7 and RIGHT 74 FOR HARD COPY  FOR EASY READING set HORIZ Margin to RIGHT 42... Feb. 20,1994      To: ALL   Sue + '>' promp          Line 300 to 355 is not part of Quickdisk.         This patch was writen so that the user          would know which drive they were in....         If this patch was not added then you as         the user would not know if you were in          drive 2 (hard drive) or drive 7 (Quickdisk). END of NOTE---------         made changes to lines 1000 and 1020.         rewrote lines 1010, 1030, 1040, 1050...         added line 1060...         made changes to lines 2000, and 2100. €UKNEWS02H lUKPALETTH sUKSTEERH  y€UKTDOSTPH ~UKTELECMH …UKWPTIPSH ‰€WRDPRO16H چBLOCKS LEFTگBLOCKS LEFTگD DRIVE   46 REM  BY: PETER AMES   47 REM  -- Dec. 1993 --  200 POKE 16149, 255: POKE 16150, 255: sz% = PEEK(65420)  205 IF PEEK(61821) = 255 AND PEEK(61928) = 255 THEN 5010  210 POKE 10950, 208: POKE 10951, 107: LOMEM :27600  300 a = 56320: z = 42  310 IF PEEK(16039) = 118 AND PEEK(16040) = 47 THEN 330  320 a = PEEK(16040)*256+PEEK(16039)+3  330 FOR x = a TO a+z: READ ml: POKE x, ml: NEXT  340 DATA  006,056,033,240,090,120,254,048,040,008,058  345 DATA  181,065,043,005,190,032,243,120,205,218,04                    ||   :If in SmartWRITE...           ||BOOT up SmartBASIC V1.0 and then  ||(TYPE)                            ||poke 20511,65 (RETURN)            ||rename HDQDSK.DOC,HDQDSK.DOC      ||(RETURN)                          ||poke 20511,72 (RETURN)            ||load HDQDSK.DOC (RETURN)          || (Save HDQDSK.DOC to any disk...) ||save hdqdsk#01 (RETURN)           ||poke 20487,72 (RETURN)            ||rename HDQDSK.DOC,HDQDSK.DOC      || (RETURN)                         ||poke 204c: POKE x, mc: NEXT 1030 POKE 65425, PEEK(62246)+17: POKE 65428, PEEK(62246) 1050 IF PEEK(62426) = 111 THEN  POKE 58362, 0: POKE 58476, 0 1060 POKE 62246, 139: POKE 62247, 255 2000 DATA  197,213,229,245,254,26,40,4,241,195,000,000 2010 DATA  241,229,33,0,0,83,30,0,25,25,25,25,84,93,225 2020 DATA  62,108,130,87,66,75,84,93,96,105 2030 DATA  1,0,4,237,176,225,209,6,5,62,5,144,193,62,128,201 2100 FOR x = 65320 TO 65372: READ mc: POKE x, mc: NEXT 2110 POKE 65330, PEEK(61820)+3: POKE 65331, PEEK(61821)                    ||   :If in SmartWRITE...           ||BOOT up SmartBASIC V1.0 and then  ||(TYPE)                            ||poke 20511,65 (RETURN)            ||rename HDQDSK.DOC,HDQDSK.DOC      ||(RETURN)                          ||poke 20511,72 (RETURN)            ||load HDQDSK.DOC (RETURN)          || (Save HDQDSK.DOC to any disk...) ||save hdqdsk#01 (RETURN)           ||poke 20487,72 (RETURN)            ||rename HDQDSK.DOC,HDQDSK.DOC      || (RETURN)                         ||poke 204PRINT CHR$(4); " init QuikDISK,d7" 5000 PRINT " QuikDISK initialized!!!" 5010 PRINT " Minimum LOMEM: "; (27+sz%)*1024: END +----------------------------------+|TO EXTRACT this program....       ||---------------------------       ||   :If in T-DOS...                ||Just use FC.COM and save the file ||as HDQDSK.DOC 'A' (A type file)   ||Then boot BASIC and then          ||(TYPE)                            ||load HDQDSK.DOC (RETURN)          ||save hdqsk#01 (RETURN)            ||              6  350 DATA  254,050,032,008,058,231,227,198,048,205,218  355 DATA  046,062,062,195,218,046,000,000,000,000  500 TEXT: PRINT " This program creates a"  510 PRINT " ramdisk within standard RAM."  520 PRINT " It will cancel turbodisk.": PRINT  530 PRINT " What size ramdisk?"  540 INPUT " (3 - 20): "; sz$: sz% = VAL(sz$): POKE 0, sz%  550 IF sz% < 3 OR sz% > 20 THEN  PRINT " aborted!": END 1000 REM  INIT RAMDISK 1010 DATA  17,000,000,254,26,210,000,229,195,000,229 1020 FOR x = 65419 TO 65429: READ m87,65 (RETURN)            |+----------------------------------+ ed!!!" 5010 PRINT " Minimum LOMEM: "; (27+sz%)*1024: END +----------------------------------+|TO EXTRACT this program....       ||---------------------------       ||   :If in T-DOS...                ||Just use FC.COM and save the file ||as HDQDSK.DOC 'A' (A type file)   ||Then boot BASIC and then          ||(TYPE)                            ||load HDQDSK.DOC (RETURN)          ||save hdqsk#01 (RETURN)            ||               2200 POKE 61820, 40: POKE 61821, 255 3000 DATA  197,253,229,245,254,26,40,4,241,195,000,000 3010 DATA  241,229,33,0,0,83,30,0,25,25,25,25,84,93,225 3020 DATA  62,108,130,87 3030 DATA  1,0,4,237,176,253,225,6,5,62,5,144,193,175,201 3100 FOR x = 65373 TO 65418: READ mc: POKE x, mc: NEXT 3110 POKE 65383, PEEK(61927)+3: POKE 65384, PEEK(61928) 3200 POKE 61927, 93: POKE 61928, 255 4000 LOMEM :(27+sz%)*1024: sz% = PEEK(0) 4010 POKE 10950, PEEK(16095): POKE 10951, PEEK(16096) 4020 POKE 65420, sz% 4100 xH                  2123 S Kirkman Rd.                                              Apt. 172                                              Orlando, Fl.                                                                  Peter Ames                                              2123 S Kirkman Rd.                                              Apt. 172                                              Orlando, Fl.                 DIR command 1 REM *** BLACKPAW *** 2 REM |||Peter Ames||| 3 REM |||10/25/1993||| 4 REM |||10-25-1993||| 9 REM Change INT to DIR10 POKE 20278, ASC("D")20 POKE 20279, ASC("I")30 POKE 20280, ASC("R")40 POKE 20281, 14 END OF PROGRAM .....        B) CAT PATCH PROGRAM.....  0 REM CAT command 1 REM *** BLACKPAW *** 2 REM |||Peter Ames||| 3 REM |||10/25/1993||| 4 REM |||10-25-1993||| 9 REM Change INT to CAT10 POKE 20278, ASC("C")20 POKE 20279, ASC("A")30 POKE 20280, ASC("T")40 POKE 20281, 14SIC V1.0 with Filemanger. offset = STARTING BLOCK of SmartBASIC V1.0        A) Change INT to DIR..          Block#:19+offset    Sector#:4            Byte:566 dec:  change 49 hex to 44 hex (letter D)            Byte:567 dec:  change 4E hex to 49 hex (letter I)            Byte:568 dec:  change 54 hex to 52 hex (letter R)            Byte:569 dec:  change 2A hex to 0E hex (jump table)        B) Change INT to CAT..          Block#:19+offset    Sector#:4            Byte:566 dec:  change 49 hex to 43 DIR command 1 REM *** BLACKPAW *** 2 REM |||Peter Ames||| 3 REM |||10/25/1993||| 4 REM |||10-25-1993||| 9 REM Change INT to DIR10 POKE 20278, ASC("D")20 POKE 20279, ASC("I")30 POKE 20280, ASC("R")40 POKE 20281, 14 END OF PROGRAM .....        B) CAT PATCH PROGRAM.....  0 REM CAT command 1 REM *** BLACKPAW *** 2 REM |||Peter Ames||| 3 REM |||10/25/1993||| 4 REM |||10-25-1993||| 9 REM Change INT to CAT10 POKE 20278, ASC("C")20 POKE 20279, ASC("A")30 POKE 20280, ASC("T")40 POKE 20281, 14)            change address 20279 to  73 dec (ASCII 'I')            change address 20280 to  82 dec (ASCII 'R')            change address 20281 to  14 dec        B) Change INT to CAT..            change address 20278 to  67 dec (ASCII 'C')            change address 20279 to  65 dec (ASCII 'A')            change address 20280 to  84 dec (ASCII 'T')            change address 20281 to  14 dec    3) INSTALLING THE DIR command after booting SmartBASIC V1.0        A) DIR PATCH PROGRAM.....  0 REM                                      32811-2268Feb. 21,1994              Reposted because of ERROR in Filemanger patch..     To: ALL      INSTALLING DIR or CAT and still having CATALOG...   Now here is a way to have the cake and eat it toooo....Since most PD programs use 'CATALOG' to display the directoryyou are then unable to run these programs if you had changed your'CATALOG' command to 'DIR' or 'CAT' without getting an ERROR.   1) INSTALLING THE DIR or CAT command permanently in     SmartBA END OF PROGRAM .....   Install three is a basic program that can be typed up inbasic and saved as a file (program) to run after Basic hasbeen booted from a tape or disk..T to CAT..            change address 20278 to  67 dec (ASCII 'C')            change address 20279 to  65 dec (ASCII 'A')            change address 20280 to  84 dec (ASCII 'T')            change address 20281 to  14 dec    3) INSTALLING THE DIR command after booting SmartBASIC V1.0        A) DIR PATCH PROGRAM.....  0 REM hex (letter C)            Byte:567 dec:  change 4E hex to 41 hex (letter A)            Byte:568 dec:  change 54 hex to 54 hex (letter T)            Byte:569 dec:  change 2A hex to 0E hex (jump table)    2) INSTALLING THE DIR or CAT command permanently in     SmartBASIC V1.0 with a PD SmartBASIC Edit program..        Once you have loaded your EDIT program and have it runningyou will need to change these address..        A) Change INT to DIR..            change address 20278 to  68 dec (ASCII 'D'|DdTLDDD| `    (0| `@@@@Dx?``?p.pa~~xD@p@Dx@ J**Nj.paj
l(hd.pa0 `~xDDDDDx@~<fx0~~~~@tDDd @@ `n*((h@  @  @xDDx@@@C~@@@@@@@~`  `    (0p       #`xp ~| @ J**Nj.pajl(hd.pa@JJDJJ@NJJJJ` ` `nnnnb-BBBB|.pad$$$nn(nnBBBBBBBBxDDxPHF @@ nB`@ .B.*NLDj,hh  `@@` *n.j.((j,h(hJJn*jj@@xD@p@Dx~jDjd***nd*($"*$NJJJJJN`      .j****.J*****N.pan0p0000|aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaAAAAAAAAaaaaAaaaaaaaaaaaaaaqqqqqqqqqqqqqaaaaqqqqqqqqqqqqqaaaaaaaaaaaaqaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaathe assistance of a subject matter expert during the sessions and during non-session periods.  A large number of ADAM    computers will be available for attendee use during this            convention.  WE ANTICIPATE THE INTRODUCTION OF MAJOR NEW HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE   advances for our ADAM computer in ADAMCON 6!!!!  WATCH  FOR MORE    INFO ABOUT WHAT MAY BE THE MOST IMPORTANT  EVENT IN THE  HISTORY OF THE ADAM COMPUTER, ADAMCON 6 Bob Blair‚DےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےNEWS ABOUT THE 6TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ADAM CONVENTION WHEN:  OCTOBER 6-9, 1994 WHERE:  HOLIDAY INN AIRPORT-MARINA, SARASOTA FLORIDA COST:  $250 for full Convention (4 nights lodging, meals,  parties, all sessions and break snacks, two delegates 964Braymen, Chris 45280 S. Oak View Dr. Oakhurst CA 93644 Brito, Lani 2307 E. Washington St Orlando FL 32803-6057Clee, Richard 21 Rondale Blvd. Toronto ON M6A 1H6Cobley, David 17-885 Berwick Road Qualicum Beach BC V9K 1N7        Collins, Ron 529 Grandview Ave. Barberton OH 44203Cossaboon, Rich 512 Chain St, 1st Fl. Norristown PA 19401          Cousineau, Guy l059 Hindley St. Ottawa ON K2B 5L9Deere, Faye P.O. Box 4934 Ft Walton Beach FL32549Gerlack, Ricki 16505 Juliana, E. Detroit MI 48021Gerow, Cl the installment plan and  receive an extra benefit - a surprise!  WE ARE ALREADY RECEIVING INSTALLMENT PAYMENTS.  NOW IS A GOOD  TIME TO BEGIN YOUR INSTALLMENT PAYMENTS.  REFUNDS ARE GUARANTEED  IF YOU ARE SUBSEQUENTLY UNABLE TO ATTEND THE CONVENTION.The theme for ADAMCON 6 will be "HANDS-ON LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES." Convention sessions will include opportunities  for all attendees to learn how to use the hardware and software  being  demonstrated by having a chance to operate an ADAM computer  with   aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaح‍ˆهn&ح™4!qح[-ëحj-:?#حج1ح|لتlx‏xآ±x!´حه/أlxFwOه:s"!t"¾لزتx2*#yح^}أlxp!رأ«xح6!üحj-!t"أپx:/"/2/"حD6أlx:¨"/2¨"أlx:§"/2§"21#أlxحص>2ف!أ™l:ھ"/2ھ"حpD*7#حeBحMDحصح ™أs~:²"/2²"أy:«"/2«"أlx:¬"/2¬"أ~*7#ح_CتlxحU=آvy!ح6حj-:?#حج1حث0:s"2*#أ‚y!s"#حظ
:L·آlxح‏ أZحصحNo]&####ح~‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                 ADAM NEWS NETWORK ADDRESS FILEUPDATED:  MARCH 1994{A.N.N. Staff and ANN Project Contributors}Alford, Joe 5068 Stone Ave. Portage IN. 46368Bair, Bob 6552N 400 E St Kendalville IN 46785Blair, Bob 36l Eden Dr. Englewood FL 34223-1per room)  $290.00 for single.  Children 14 years and under can stay at the hotel and attend Conventions sessions FREE, but meal tickets  must  be purchased to participate in Convention meals. INSTALLMENT PAYMENT PLAN: The $250 registration fee can be paid in two installments  ($125.00 each) or Three installments ($83.33 each) or four installments ($62.50 each).  Make the checks out to ACON 6 and      send to Bob Blair, 361 Eden Drive, Englewood, FL 34223.  Be  within the first 5 who take advantage ofayton 13217 Aurora Dr. ElCajon CA 92101Harris, John 105 Burning Tree Lane Boca Raton FL 33431-3924        Herrington, Patricia 1003 Oak Lane Apopka FL 32703Keene, Thomas J. 3141 E. Palmyra Ave. Orange CA 92669 Koczwara,    George 4034 E 52nd St. Newburgh Hts. OH 44105Kosowsky, Phil 6067 Jerusalem Dr. Cicero NY. 13039Lefko, Richard 20 Ashley Dr. Milford NH 03055Lynch, Bart 45ll S. 256 St. Kent WA 98032Major, Steve PO Box 562 - Mason Rd. Champlain NY 129l9-0562 Mason, Herman 8912 Blaine Ave. Clevelawick Road Qualicum Beach BC V9K 1N7{REPAIRS}A.I.M. Rt 2 Box 2756 Pearland TX 7758l  l-800-999-5040 Elliott,    Dan Repairs Rt.l Box 117 Cabool MO 65689Kosowsky Adam Repair 6067 Jerusalem Dr. Clay NY 1304l Oscars       Computers 224 F. Elgin Prkwy. Ft Walton Beach FL32548 l-800-858-1007{DEALERS/SUPPLIERS} Acolyte Software 30 Arborway Dr. Scituate MA 02066Adam Connection POBX 562 - Mason Rd. Champlain NY 129l9-0562       Adam-Link 2337 South 600 East Salt Lake City UT 84l06 Adam         Software S 12967 Weatherfield Dr. St.Louis MO 63146   Walters, Bruce RD#2 Box 51 Franklin PA. 16323-9204{USER GROUPS}Adam-Link 2337 South 600 East Salt Lake City UT 84106 Albany AUG 3 Robin Hood Rd. Albany NY 12203-5113Allied Bus.Machines 9281 Earl St. La Mesa CA 91941American AUG l98 Sand Creek Rd. # B Albany NY 12205-1817 AUFG Ron  Mitchell 1107-210 Gloucester St Ottawa ON K2P 2K4AWAUG l5l6B Carswell Cir. Bolling AFB DC 20336CIS ADAM SYSOP 38l4 Ocean Ave. T-2 E.Rockaway NY 11518 Calgary     Adam Family 650. Elberton GA 30635Castro, Norm 809 W. 33rd Ave. Bellevue NE 68005Coleco Depot l57-04 87 St. Howard Beach NY 114l4Computer Buyers Guide POBoX 55886 Birmingham AL 35255Data Backup Box 335 Iona ID 83427DiskNLabels2Go Rt206 E.Hampton BusPrk MtHolly NJ 08060Elliott, Dan Repairs Rt.l Box 117 Cabool MO 65689Elliam Assoc. (CPM SW) POBOX 2664-A Atascadero CA 93423 (805) 466-8440EyeZod Graphics l003 Oak Lane Apopka FL 32703Gerlack Family Sftwr. l402-A Werner Park Fort Campbell KY 42223    Graftex Soft.ennan) 888 Templeton Ave. Winnipeg MB R2V 3S6 MOAUG  - Poulin, James 1146 Manatee Dr. Rockledge FL 32955Metro Toronto AUG 21 Rondale Blvd. Toronto ON M6A 1H6Omaha AUG 809 W. 33rd Ave. Bellevue NE 68005Puget Sound Adam 22607 SE 322nd Kent WA 98042SLUG (Louisville) 6413 Briscoe Ln. Louisville KY 40228 South West  Florida AUG 361 Eden Drive Englewood FL 34223St.Louis AUG 12967 Weatherfield Dr. St.Louis Mo. 63l46UKAS (England AUG) 33 Homer Rd. Croydon Surrey England CRO7SBVISA (D. Cobley) 17-885 Bernd OH 44106Mitchell, Ron 1107-210 Gloucester St Ottawa ON K2P 2K4Neeley, Alan 2337 South 600 E. Salt Lake City UT 84106 NIAD Joint  Porject P.O. Box 1317 Lisle IL 60532Pines, Howard 1010 Gloria Avenue Ft Walton Beach FL32548Reynolds, Bill 712 Waverly Place Statesville NC 28677 Roades, Dean 8522 Hohman Ave. Munster IN 46321St. Peter, Gerry 6508 34th Street SW Calgary AB T3E 5M2 Slopsema,  Bob 1815 Camille SE Kentwood MI 49546Vrancks, Jerry 2936 Evelyn St. Portage IN. 46368Wilson, Barry (founder)upport 8l25 W. Catherine Chicago ILL. 60656 ADAMzap      (Eric Danz) l7 Capstan Rd. West Milford NJ 07480-48l6 A.I.M. (Adam House) Rt 2 Box 2756 Pearland TX 7758l l-800-999-5040 Terry FowlerAdams Alive (E&T) l0l0 Westminster Garland TX 75040 AJM Software (Morehen) 11442 96th St Edmonton AB T5G 1T4 AJM       Software (Cousineau) 1059 Hindley St. Ottawa ON K2B 5L9 American   Software l98 Sand Creek Rd. # B Albany NY 12205-l8l7APE Software 4756 LaLande Pierrefonds QC H8Y 1V2Bryan's Software 428 Knight St8 34th St. SW Calgary Alberta T3E 5M2Central Virginia AUG 3-B Chestnut Grove Earlyesville Va. 22936Delaware Valley AUG l0848 Modena Drive Philadelphia PA. 19154ECAUG Deere, Faye & Norman P.O. Box 8394 Ft Walton Beach FL32549   Edmonton AUG 39 Salisbury Ave. St.Albert AB T8N OM2463 ADAM 8522 Hohman Ave. Munster IN 46321Gulf Coast AUG 6665 Timbers Dr. Mobile AL 36695Inland Empire AUG 3l4l E. Palmyra Ave. Orange CA 92669Keystone AUG, Paul Elshoff 417 Adsum Drive Winnipeg MB R2P 0W9Magnet AUG (Br (J.Quinn) 6665 Timbers Dr. Mobile AL 36695Hal Weber Software 2360 SW 22nd Ave. # 405 Delray Beach FL 33445   Harrison Productivity 1424 24th St. Kenosha WI 53l40HEXACE Software RD#2 Box 5l Franklin PA 16323Hinkle Publications 117 Northview Ithaca NY 14850Kehoe, Denny Box 34l34, 1200 37th St.SW Calgary AB T3C 3W0         Kosowsky Adam Repair 6067 Jerusalem Dr. Clay NY 13041L.O.F. Comm. POBOX 587 York PA 17405Maine Adam Library POOBX 85 Waterford ME 04088 MEI/Micro (disks,mailers) 1100 Steelwood R-2400 8N1 (613)829-    6354Voice of the Eagle Wed Thurs 8:30PM-5AM (615)431-9833Micro Innovations 6PM-6AM M-F, 24hrs. weekends 300-2400            (703)264-3908AWAUG 24 hrs. (703)960-5315IEAUG 4PM-6AM (714)775-1603Coleco Depot 8PM-12 AM (7l8)848-3066Rocky Mountain 24 hours (719)783-9046Adam-Link (Utah) 6PM-8AM M-F, 24hrs. weekends 300-2400 8N1         (80l)484-5ll4Cat's Lair 24 hours (802)295-4831SFAUG 24 hrs 300-2400 (813)473-2905(2) FIDONET INTERNATIONAL ADAM ECHO BBSs. BBS NAME LOCATION S. Kalamazoo MI 49002 Princess    Auto 535 Panet Rd. Winnipeg MB R3C 2W7Reedy Software PO BOX 129 Lowell MI 49331Roadrunner Public. 32l7 Mesilla Hills Dr. Las Cruces NM 88005      Roginsky Games 4237 Thornhill Pl. Las Vegas NV 89103R&R Software POBX 208l Hanover MA 02339SpeedyWrite Software 2017 Inglehart Ave #11 St Paul MN 55104       Scruffy Bear Soft. 50 John Garland #l08 Rexdale ON M9V 1N4 Seaman  Software 129 E. 8th St. Winona MN 55987Strategic Software 424 E. John St. Lindhurst NY 11757TC SoftOUIS MO (314)428-3017  1:100/470TechTalk CALGARY AB Henning Johansen(403)280-4938  1:134/40        TechTalk CALGARY AB (403)285-4168 Program Exchange ORLANDO FL Fred Kushner (407)870-2735 1:363/133   Cornucopia ORLANDO FL (407)645-4929  300-2400 24hours 1:363/18     Deltona Lakes BBS DELTONA FL Tom Hirtreiter (407)574-9246 1:3618/1Silver & Gold BBS TORONTO ON Paul Cchvostek (416)658-9000 1:250/102Marantha BBS TORONTO ON (416)798-2563 CRS Online TORONTO ON (416) 1:229/15The BobCat Byte LAS CRUCES NF, 10-10 SS (215)277-0433Trading Post 24 hrs. (216)791-4022Clev. Adam Exchange 24 hrs. (216)883-9355Thomas Electronics 24 hrs. (306)384-7682Northern Link 24 hours 300-2400 8N1 (403)246-4086TAPPS Music 24 hrs. (416)741-2432NEW=CANADA=PBBS 12 noon to 8am 300-2400 8N1 (416)962-7415 Mach I   9PM-6AM (4l4)762-0492Adam Connection 24 hours (518)298-4294Adam Link Phoenix 24 hours (602)936-3892Byte Man BBS 11PM-5PM M-F 11PM-8AM SS 300-2400 8N1 (613)230-9511   Guy's Beta PBBS 11PM-5PM M-F 11PM-8AM SS 300d. Columbus OH 43212     Micro Innovations 12503 King's Lake Dr. Reston VA 22091 MMSG (J.   Marshall) POBX 1112 Broomfield CO 80020Mr.T. Software 6521 E. Camino Santo Scottsdale AZ 85254NIAD 8125 W. Catherine St Chicago IL 60656Oasis Pensive Abductors 432 Jarvis St. #502 Toronto ON M4Y 2H3     Oscars Computers 224 F. Elgin Prkwy. Ft Walton Beach FL32548Parallel Systems POBOX 772 Turnersville NJ 08012Pitman (Steve) Software 3705 Church St. Cincinnati OH 45244        Practical Programs 43l8 Monroe AveYSOP PHONEThe Garden Of Eden BBS WINNIPEG MB George Major (204)477-8543 300-2400 24 hours 1:348/304Phaze BBS  (206)573-8523 Sea/Mac Mansion/Tabby SEATTLE WA (206)725-6629 Buckeye Hamshack AKRON OH (216)867-6984  1:157/507.0The Treasure Chest SOUTH BEND IN (219)234-8004  1:227/3 The        Computer Orphanage WASHINGTON DC (301)292-7955  1:109/412 Grand    Illusions ST LOUIS MO (314)434-7260 TimeLine REGINA SK (306)543-9979  1:140/89Millenium ST LOUIS MO (314)281-8481  1:100/480Andromeda BBS ST Lware (Clary) 9015 Ester Dr. Loveland OH 45140Telegames USA Box 901 Lancaster TX 75146Thomas Electronics 151 Devonshire Cres. Saskatoon SK S7L 5V6       Trisyd Video 26 Florence Crescent Toronto ON M6N 4E4Walters Software RD#4 Box 289-A Titusville PA 16354Wizards Lair 8l25 W. Catherine Chicago IL 60656{BBS LISTINGS:  (l) ADAM; (2) FIDONET }in order by area code so you can find one near you(1) ADAM BBSsAssylum 24 hrs. 300-2400 8N1 (206)859-2018Maine 6PM-8AM (207)583-4923Deleware Valley 6-10PM M-M (505)527-8878 VideOpolis-Blade RunnerMONTREAL QC Michael X Maelstrom (514)       Cyberspace  1:167/119.1Juxtaposition MONTREAL QC (514)364-2937 1:167/133Borealis Weyr VICTORIA BC (604)477-7570 1:340/41The Crystal Cave QUALICUM BEACH BC Ada Willis (604)752-2914 1:3411/625.0Computer Sickbay KINGMAN AZ Bob Weed (602)757-1981 1:314/1 The     Kanata BBS OTTAWA ON Ian Hobbs (613)831-4082 300-9600 24hours 1:163/411CP/M Forever OTTAWA ON Garth Jones (613)226-6533 24hours  1:163/446Chicago Syslink CHICABX 120l9 Omaha NE 68112-00l9Deere, Faye & Norman 411-B North Sea Lane Ft Walton Beach FL32548  Dewbre, Nancy Rt. 2, Box 181 Brownwood TX 76801Dobb, Cliff 240 Lake Ave. East, Carleton Place ON K7C 1J5 Doire,   Jocelyn #109 25 Woodridge CR. Nepean ON K2B 7T4Donovan, Royal 2453 B Iris St Ottawa ON K2C 1C7Drushel, Richard 3353 Mayfield Rd. Cleveland Hts.OH 44l18 Duffy,   Jim # 4 Inverness Ct. St.Petersburg FL 63376Dunsmore, Jack 117-2600 Ferguson Road Saanichton, BC V0S 1M0 Dyck, Victor 653 Saskatchewan St41 1:203/726 DATAMAZE SACRAMENTO CA Mark Stennett (916)349-0806 300 - 14,400 1:203/100CP/M LOCAL TULSA, OK Daniel Curry (918)663-2775 1:170/262          CrYoGeniX NeoNet 1:203/26Les's House NORTH BEND OR 1:356/3{Other addresses} Allard, Michael 1959 Plessis Road Winnipeg MB R3W 1M8 Ames, Pete   172-2123 S Kirkman Rd Orlando FL 32811-2268Baker, George A 5 Susan Carsley Way Sandwich MA 02563 Bartholomew, E R (Bart) 2515 Lakewood Drive Kennesaw GA 30144Batcher, Ken 530 Kelvedon Mews Mississauga ON L2L 1P1Frederickson, Leroy P.O. Box 60 Bowser BC V0R 1G0Fulton, Michael 34-3190 Toronto St. Port Coquitlam BC V3B 5K3Gaynor, John 8100 Ridgefield Rd. Pensacola FL 32514Glasco, Paul 6215 Rockbridge Road Stone Mountain GA 30087 Gordon,  Lois 204 Fern Avenue Collingswood NJ 08108Greenberg, Robert 100 East Road, Box 2194 Meriden CT 06450         Griffin, Ramen G. (AAAUG) 3 Robin Hood Road Albany NY 12203-5113   Guerette, Annette #1-409 Dufferin Street, Thunder Bay ON P7B 1N7   Guilmain, Andre 5-444 Cumberld L. 75 Gates Street Portsmouth NH 03801 Butler,    Richard C. Rt. 2, Box 44729 Byhalia MS 38611Bueltmann, Don 455 Skylark Dr. St.Louis MO 6303lChater, Garry 107 Kingham Place Victoria BC V9B 1L9Cherney, Herman 198 Sandcrest Rd. #B Albany NY 12205-1817 Clark,   Jesse 12720 Saylor road Baltimore OH 43105Clayton, T.L. 1010 17th Street Meridian MS 39302Cross, Howard T. 3373 S.Royal Oaks Dr Apt.15-4Inverness FL         34452-8702Daggett, Thomas R. 1610 Cosler Court Xenia OH 45385-9579 Dawes,    Steve POGO IL George Matyaszek(708)795-4442 300-2400 24hours 1:115/622CUS-VT NODE #1 NEWPORT VT (802)334-7976 Russel Boyce 1:325/ CUS-VT NODE #2 NEWPORT VT (802)334-7975 Russel Boyce 1:325/The Pinnacle Club BBS EVANSVILLE IN Randy Riggs (812)963-9139 1:2310/150SOS VENICE FL Mr. Bebermeyer (813)497-1216 1:137/430The *HOT MUDDY DUCK* SHALIMAR FL Lloyd Wood (904)651-8684 221B Baker Street PANAMA CITY FL James Young (904)871-6536 1:3608/?? Moderator origin 1:3608/2Vortex SACRAMENTO CA Pam Lunsford (916)332-71 W. Moosejaw SK S6H 2T5Eaton, Aileen 1652 E. Shawnigan Lk. Rd Shawnigan Lake BC V0R 2W0   Ekman, George Box 517 Sedgewick AB T0B 4C0Epstein, Marc 5701 E. Burns Street Tucson AZ 85711Ewanchyna, Ted 5485 Papineau Montreal QC H2H 1W3Fauteux, Louis 703-641 Bathgate Dr. Ottawa ON K1K 3Y3 Fisher,      Janet 608 Tammy Place, RR#6 Victoria BC V9B 5T9Fitzgerald, Al 8747 Anetta St.Louis MO 63147 383-3616 Forsythe,    John Site T, 1750 Extension Road Nanaimo BC V9R 5K1Foster, Bruce 124 Rothesay Dr. Kanata ON K4Z 1G4 Beattie,     Alan R. Rr #4 Brockville ON K6V 5T4Bice, Danny 534 39th Street West Palm Beach FL33407-4108           Blackwood, Clark 466 Hemsworth Road Qualicum Beach BC V9K 1B6      Bona, Guy & Jeanene 2331 11th Ave North Riverside IL60546 Bouclin, Marcel 6515 Jalobert Montreal QC H1M 1L2Brown, Dale R. D. #1, Box 102 Groton VT 05046Brown, Jason 86 Parliament St. #3C Toronto ON M5A 2Y6 Bueltmann,   Don 455 Skylark Drive St. Louis MO 63031Bujaki, Stephen Rr #1 Moose Creek ON K0C 1W0Butler, Reginaland St Ottawa ON K1N 7J7Hall, Anthony (Tony) 995 E. Morrison Drive Ottawa ON K2H 7L1 Hall, Eleanor 201-1225 Merklin St. White Rock BC V4B 4B8Harpster, George 6l Vinyard Dr. Brunswich OH 44212Hartzler, Peter 2907 Madison Place Falls Church VA 22042 Hayden,   Mark P.O. Box 517 Keoma AB T0M 1G0Hazlehurst, Bill General Delivery Sidney BC V8Z 3S2Heft, Milton B. P. O. Box 1592 Richmond CA 94802Hoffman, Jesse E. 506 Ross Road Ft Walton Beach FL32547 Hopkins,   William 239 Euclid Avenue Fairborn OH 45324How P. O. Box 2081 Hanover MA 02339Sands, David RR#1, Site 152, Comp #4 Bowser BC V0R 1G0 Sanford,    Garnet 210 Goulbourn Ave., Ottawa ON K1N 8E4Savini, Sullivan 509 Bluff Street Bridgeville PA 15017 Sayles,     Gaylord S. 815 N.W. 7th Street Miami FL 33136-3000Searcy, James Rt. 1, Box 1918 Chattahoochee FL 32324Sebelist, Bob P.O. Box 85 Waterford ME 04088Shipley, Bruce 330 Olde Post Road Niceville FL 32578Stahl, Ruth M. 4744 East River Road Grand Island NY 14072 Stelter, Shirley E. 6758 S.W. 38th StreeGuy P.O. Box 548 St. Jacques NB E0L 1K0Laso, Manuel Andres 8735 S.W. 28th Street Miami FL 33165 Le May,   Hector 2882-4 Sandalwood Ottawa ON K1V 3P4Liardi, Peter Brockville ON K6Linnenkugel, Gerald 108 N. 2nd St., POB 829 Mabank TX 75147        Loudon, Robert A. 3175 Curtis Avenue Omaha NE 68111-1243 Lukach,   Nick 16 Matapedia Ave Rouyn Noranda QC J9X 1R1McIntosh, Doug 615 Clarke Ave. Ottawa ON K1K 0Y6Marriott, William 4721 S.W. 72nd Avenue Davie FL 33314-4115        Mayner, Paul 118-6325 Metral Dri905 Thurman,  Charles O. 969 East Fir Street Palmyra PA 17078-2808Tomlinson, Al & Twila Rt. 2, Box 207 Archie MO 64725Tranovich, Richard 254 Asbury Road Mays Landing NJ 08330Underhill, J.E. 1439 Wende Road Victoria BC V8P 3T7Valancius, Willi 1390 Prairie Ave. Port Coquitlam BC V3B 1T2       Vranks, Jerry 2936 Evelyn Street Portage IN 46368Vyse, Mark 22 Jubilee Court Sackville NS B4E 1X3WY MAR-REN REFINISHING CO 6618 Georgia Avenue West Palm Beach      FL33405-4224Walker, Robert H. R.R. l, Box 10825Parker, W.J. #2-9866 Resthaven Drive Sidney BC V8L 3E8 Paterson,   Doug 592 Eastvale Dr. Gloucester ON K1J 6Z6Patterson, Tony l5708 Belmont Dr. Biloxi MS 39532Pines, Howard 1010 Gloria Ft Walton Beach FL32547Ramsey, David F. Jr. 310 E. Rouse Street Lansing MI 48910 Reid,    Brian 78 Caprice CR. London ON N5V-3M2Robinson, Craig N. HHC 98th ASG WRZ Unit 26622 Box 87 APO AE 09244 Ross, Ian 610 Glenhurst CR. Gloucester ON K1J 7B7Roy, Jean-Marc 4 Avenue DE Savoie Gatineau QC J8T 1K5Salvati, Richard A.ard, James 6541 Virginia Hills Ave Alexandria VA 22310 Huard,   Jean-Louis 113-2111 Montreal Road Gloucester ON K1J 8M8 Hubert,    Lou 22 Stevens Ave Ottawa ON K1K 1K5Hunt, James 32 Royal CR Hornell Heights ONP0H 1P0Hurst, Michael 717-550 Jarvis Street Toronto ON M4Y 1M6Jernigan, Donald J. 729 Royal Glen Drive Lakeland FL 33813Kaebler, Charles R. P.O. Box 3335 Spring Hill FL 34606 Kennedy,    Joel D. 10045 Shademoor Drive Leesburg FL 34788Krzyzanowski, John 2374 Palm St. Ottawa ON K1H 6Y8Laforest, t Miami FL 33155Stevens, David 27-2600 Ferguson Road Saanichton BC V0S 1M0         Stewart, Bill 78 Foxbar Road Burlington ON L7L 2Z6Stimmel, Michael 50 Druid Drive Pensacola FL 32507Stone, Jean 3301 Mobile Ave. El Paso TX 79930Stringer, Gary 3244 Linwood Avenue Victoria BC V8X 1E4 Stroud,     Robert H. 33-3049 Brittany Drive Victoria BC V9B 5P7Sweitzer, Alex R. R. D. #1, Box 207 Fayette City PA 15438Taylor, Sandy Rt 6, Box 6024 Hermiston OR 97838Thornton, Joseph 722 Prospect Avenue Fort Myers FL 33ve Nanaimo BC V9T 2L9 Miedzinski,  J. 29 Roberta CR. Nepean ON K2J 1G5Miller, Don #806 1275 Richmond Rd. Ottawa ON K2B 8E3Mitchell, Ron #1107 210 Gloucester St Ottawa ON K2P 2K4 Mitchell,  Ron Sr. 2075 Cooke Ave. Comox BC V9N 4L5Naish, Francis 2064 Hampshire Road Victoria BC V8R 5V1 Nicks,      Glenn 103 Highland Drive Ft Walton Beach FL32548Notini, Jim (NIAD) 8125 W. Catherine Chicago IL 60656Ogilvie, R. D. Danny 12 Cleadon Dr. Nepean ON K2H 5P3 Ostler, Mel  3217 Mesilla Hills Dr. Las Cruces NM 8800-B Ingleside TX 78362 Wasylko,   Bill 18 Stroughton CR. Munster Hamlet ON K0A 3P0Watson, Bruce 22 Laurentian St POB 931Deep River ON K0J 1P0 Wick,  Neil & Dale Bx 165 260 Adelaide St EToronto ON M5A 1N0 Wilson,     Barry 11600 OLIVE BLVD. St Louis MO 63141-7002Wormsbecker, Clint 32535 Brant Ave Mission BC V2V 4Y9 K0J 1P0 5ll S. 256 St. Kent WA 98032Major, Steve PO Box 562 - Mason Rd. Champlain NY 129l9-0562 Mason, Herman 8912 Blaine Ave. Clevelaoften overlooked by novice   modemers) 3.  Purchase electric service from your local utility as this is   impo rtant.  4.  Purchase phone service from your local phone co.  as this is   also important.5.  Hire electrical/nuclear engineer to hook up phone, modem and   computer.  OR if you are rich and can afford to REpurchase your    entire setup, hook it up yourself.6.  Send Leroy $l00.00.  (This advice appears very often and       therefore must be of prime importance).  7.  Buy from Leroy the pr‚CےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےIT IS SUGGESTED THAT ALL EDITORS AND SYSOPS CAREFULLY READ BARRY   PATCH MATERIAL BEFORE USING IT.  WHILE IT IS ALWAYS MEANT TO BE    HUMOROUS AND NOT TO BE OFFENSIVE, I HAVE BEEN TOLD THAT FROM  TIME TO TIME ITEMS APPEAR IN THE BARRY PATCH (They just sain, go to step 9,        comply with that and then go to step ll.  ll.  Pick out your handle (like an alias or also know as) and      password (like open sesame, shazam, etc.).  You will need a        handle and password for most BBSs.  Its like joining a secret      club with code words, pass words, secret rituals, secret sexual    rituals, human sacrifice, etc.12.  Next get a large supply of food, drink, portible bathroom     facilities, shaving equipment, etc.  ready by your modem/computer/phone ar I      know, one you never would have thought of, I know I didn't.  Well I am sure some of you are asking---HOW DO YOU USE THE MODEM   FOR TELECOMMUNICATION---WHAT DO YOU DO----WHAT DO YOU NEED--ETC.   ?????I will give you a summary from the book Leroy's Lessons on Telec   ommunicatins (for sale wherever the police will allow it, at       sleezy bookstores everywhere).   l.  Get a modem.  (An obvious need but one that the average user   is sure to over look.).  2.  Get a telephone.  (Another aspect nd OH 44106Mitchell, Ron 1107-210 Gloucester St Ottawa ON K2P 2K4Neeley, Alan 2337 South 600 E. Salt Lake City UT 84106 NIAD Joint  Porject P.O. Box 1317 Lisle IL 60532Pines, Howard 1010 Gloria Avenue Ft Walton Beach FL32548Reynolds, Bill 712 Waverly Place Statesville NC 28677 Roades, Dean 8522 Hohman Ave. Munster IN 46321St. Peter, Gerry 6508 34th Street SW Calgary AB T3E 5M2 Slopsema,  Bob 1815 Camille SE Kentwood MI 49546Vrancks, Jerry 2936 Evelyn St. Portage IN. 46368Wilson, Barry (founder)ivate unlisted phone numbers of the rich  & famouos BBSs and BBS operators (which are called sysops--terms   explained in the competitively price companion dictionary of       terms that can be purchased to go with Leroy's Lessons).8.  Buy, read and study all books listing names to name your       baby.  (Look at maternity department of store).  Study this        carefully as well as at least three foreign languages , besides    CP/M.  9.  Send Leroy $l00.00.  l0.  Go back to step 8 and complete it aguddenly  grow  thru, poking their way thru the soil of my mind ---or is it        soiled mind).  In any case, use and edit as you feel best.                                                 Barry WilsonTHE BARRY PATCH:A SUPRISE USE FOR THE MODEM.As you are aware in prior columns I have covered many of the       major uses for the modem (paper weight, door stop, fishing         sinker, base for baseball game, etc.) but a reader has suggested   a NEW and NOVEL use for the MODEM-------TELECOMMUNICATION. ea.  l3.  Next take Leroy's Learn to Type course, correspondance only.l4.  You are now ready to call your first BBS.l5.  From this point one I will start numbering the lessons as     A,B,C,etc.  as these will be what to do while you are on-line      (like that term, its a technical term which is defined in Leroy's  companion dictionary as indicated above).  A.  Dial your BBS from the list previously purchased from Leroy.   B.  Read the screen as the BBS answers your call.  It will ask     some quest  One easy way to leave a message is to JUST COPY some other     message word by word, letter by letter and then leave it as your   own.  At best no one will notice that it is a copy of another and  at worst just bluff your way out claiming that YOUR message was    left FIRST and the other person COPIED YOUR MESSAGE.2.  In case you are not able to find someone else's message that   says what you want to say and therefore copying another's message  will not work, go to step 3.3.  Send Leroy $l00.00.4. the BBS screen will say you are         "VERIFIED" (See Leroy's companion dictionary for meaning). E.  At  this point you will be given choices as to what you should  do,    etc.  DO NOT FALL FOR THIS TRICK OF THE SYSOP.F.  Most sysops are paid by the hour and therefore all they want   to do is put in their time with as little problems and             interuptions as possible.  So they have set up this MENU (See      Leroy's dictionary) so YOU will DO THEIR WORK FOR THEM.  DO NOT    FALL INTO THIS TRAP.G.  NOW    for FANCY MESSAGES.  You can leave messages that look  like your   are an expert in CP/M .  AGAIN BE SURE NO ONE IS LISTENING OR LOOKING OVER YOUR SHOULDER, THIS ONE IS A HIGHLY      GUARDED SECRET.7.  Just use the following approximately every 4th or 5th word.    (Use in any order, may repeat if you wish).Squeeze, unsqueeze, crunch, uncrunch, library, delibrary,          archieve, de-archieve,.COM,.TXT,.ARC,.IMP,.ZMP,.CHIMP,TDOS,VDOS,VD-             DOSE,FALCO,XMODEM,YMODEM, ZMODEM,MEMODEM,UMd threaten to have all    your friends call his BBS and tell him you will give them ALL of   Leroy's secrets including the C(hat) secret.  This will usually    bring him around.J.  ONE AREA YOU WILL WANT TO SEE WILL BE THE MESSAGE AREAS,       PRIVATE AND PUBLIC.As these message areas will require some further instruction       (which can be quickly obtained by purchasing Leroy's Message       Lessons), I will again change going back to numbers, so as to      keep this section separate also.MESSAGES:l.ions, which you will be prepared to answer IF you have   taken Leroy's Computer Literacy course AND Leroy's Modem Literacy  Course, have purchased your cap and gown, diploma, graduation      pictures, etc.  C.  Some of the questions will deal with your password, code       word, handle, sexual preference, physical measurements, etc.  All  of which you will be prepared for IF you have followed steps 6 &   9 above.D.  After this grueling examination (for those of you who have     not taken Leroy's course),  BE SURE NO ONE IS LOOKING OVER YOUR SHOULDER, WHAT I AM ABOUT  TO TELL YOU IS SO SIMPLE, SO TRUE, BUT SO SELDOM REALIZED THAT     YOU CANNOT TAKE A CHANCE ON SOMEONE ELSE SEEING THIS.5.  HERE IT IS ----------MESSAGES are JUST a series of symbols,    numbers and letters in various groupings and order.  That's it.    The secret of messages.  You just take letters, numbers and        symbols and arrange them in various (pleasing to the eye)          patterns and shapes and you will have created messages. 6.  HIT C(hat) for CHAT on most BBSs and check on others to see    what you need to do to call the SYSOP.H.  LET HIM EARN HIS LIVING.  Don't bother looking over the menu,  JUST TELL THE SYSOP what area you want to see.  He can get you     there quicker than you could do yourself.  IF he is hesitant       remind him who pays his salary.I.  If the above fails, do NOT threaten to go to another BBS, as   he may have one he is in competition with and will try to send     you there to MAKE HIS RIVAL WORK.  InsteaODEM,IT-SHE OR IT-      MODEM,.LIB,CRN,IZP, (for further terms to use when speaking CP/M,  purchase Leroy's Languages of the World, Vol.12-CP/M).8.  TO appear to be an OLD PRO at modeming, use the following      terms, much in the way indicated for CP/M above........Download,   DL,Upload,UL,Sysop, Access Level, Subop,Hop-op,Sock-hop, ram       drive, adamlink34.5+++ (Purchase Leroy's Mastering the Modem for   Midgets).9.  Now we will conclude your use of the modem.  (Again I change   to letters to keep B 30070 POKE 1063,sd:POKE 1066,121:POKE 1068,243:FOR i=0 TO 19 80 VTAB 5:PRINT "READING BLOCK:"; sr:POKE 1060,sr:CALL 105690 POKE 1066,PEEK(1066)+4100 IF sr=er THEN q=i:GOTO 200110 sr=sr+1:NEXT i200 IF sd=dd THEN m$="SLAVE":GOSUB 300210 POKE 1063,dd:POKE 1066,121:  POKE 1068,246:FOR i=0 TO 19 230  VTAB 7:PRINT "WRITING BLOCK:" ;sw:POKE 1060,sw:CALL 1056 240 POKE 1066,PEEK(1066)+4250 IF sr=er AND q=i THEN POKE 16953, 95:GOTO 500:sw=sw+1:  NEXT  i:GOTO 50300 VTAB 12:PRINT "Place ";:IF m$= "MASTER" THE00.00.E.  Consider Leroy's other course........ How to use your bathroom. How to cook on your car's engine block. Auto-Window repair co-authored with J.D. Thank you for your attention, there will be a test on this         material at the next session. MO (314)434-7260 TimeLine REGINA SK (306)543-9979  1:140/89Millenium ST LOUIS MO (314)281-8481  1:100/480Andromeda BBS ST L580 INPUT "DESTINATION DRIVE? "; dd:TEXT600 VTAB 5:INPUT "START READ BLOCK :";sr605 VTAB 5:PRINT:PRINT610 VTAB 5:INPUT "END READ BLOCK:  ";er620 VTAB 5:INPUT "START WRITE BLOCK:";sw630 IF sd=dd THEN 660:TEXT:PRINT:  PRINT640 PRINT "Place SOURCE Media in drive ";sd;", Place DESTINA TION Media in drive ";dd;".": PRINT:PRINT650 INPUT "Hit RETURN....";q$:  TEXT:RETURN1000 REM * The program will copy blocks between drives or to the same drive.  1010 REM * All drives are support ed and offset between‚Bےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے COPY A Block COPY Program10 REM * COPY V1.2 8/17/1986 By G.  Daro20 HIMEM:27951:POKE 16953,32:q=0 30 GOSUB 500 40 DATA 1,0,0,17,0,0,62,0,33,48, 109,205,243,252,201 50 FOR       x=1056 TO 1070:READ d:POKE x,d:NEXT60 IF sd=dd THEN m$="MASTER":GOSUthis separate).A.  NEVER TIP A SYSOP.  They are all well paid and it is not       proper to tip them.B.  Again make them do their job.  When you want to sign off,      tell them you DEMAND THEY GIVE YOU A FORCED SIGNOFF (this has the  least amount of work for you).C.  If they refuse #B, then do NOT bother to go thru the long      procedure of formally signing off, answering some dumb questions,  etc.  JUST HANG UP.  If the sysop was rude, do not MERELY HANG UP  BUT SLAM THE PHONE DOWN.D.  Send Leroy $lN PRINT m$;:GOTO   320310 FLASH:PRINT m$;:NORMAL320 PRINT " in drive..."330 PRINT "Hit any key when ready ...":GET q$:RETURN 500          TEXT:VTAB 2:INVERSE505 PRINT " Copy V1.2 by G.  Daro":VTAB 5:NORMAL510 PRINT:PRINT "Enter 99 to END program"520 VTAB 9:PRINT "SELECT DRIVES:  " :VTAB 10530 HTAB 10:PRINT "DISK DRIVE #1:  4"540 HTAB 10:PRINT "DISK DRIVE #2:  5"550 HTAB 10:PRINT "TAPE DRIVE #1:  8"560 HTAB 10:PRINT "TAPE DRIVE #2:  24"570 VTAB 15:INPUT "SOURCE DRIVE? " ;sd575 IF sd=99 THEN 2000 OUIS MO (314)428-3017  1:100/470TechTalk CALGARY AB Henning Johansen(403)280-4938  1:134/40        TechTalk CALGARY AB (403)285-4168 Program Exchange ORLANDO FL Fred Kushner (407)870-2735 1:363/133   Cornucopia ORLANDO FL (407)645-4929  300-2400 24hours 1:363/18     Deltona Lakes BBS DELTONA FL Tom Hirtreiter (407)574-9246 1:3618/1Silver & Gold BBS TORONTO ON Paul Cchvostek (416)658-9000 1:250/102Marantha BBS TORONTO ON (416)798-2563 CRS Online TORONTO ON (416) 1:229/15The BobCat Byte LAS CRUCES N SOURCE    and DESTINATION are possible.1020 REM * 20 Blocks are copied before changing Media. 2000 POKE  16953,952010 END 5y all books listing names to name your       baby.  (Look at maternity department of store).  Study this        carefully as well as at least three foreign languages , besides    CP/M.  9.  Send Leroy $l00.00.  l0.  Go back to step 8 and complete it age probleme.  Je peux le porter moi-meme . You call that a modem.  Only 300 baud ? That's okay, I'll walk    it over.9.  Ca n'est pas possible, en parlant anatoimquement.   That is not anatomically possible.Hard Nosed Harry, with special thanks to Dan Gutman who lives in   New Jersey and writes a syndicated column on computers.M * The program will copy blocks between drives or to the same drive.  1010 REM * All drives are support ed and offset between‚CےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےHARDNOSED HARRY TRANSLATES COMMON COMPUTER CONVERSATION YOU MAY    ENCOUNTER WITH FRENCH SPEAKING CANADIANS AT ADAMCONSl.  Ne mettez pas ce croissant dans mon lecteur de disques, s'il   vous plait. Please do not insert that croissant into my disk duy10 USING THE MAIL SYSTEMINTRODUCTION:The electronic mail system of NCF can be a very powerful service that    will keep you in touch with a potentially very large group of people.    You can exchange mail with any registered NCF user, and inaddition can exchange mail with any user of a computer that is connected to any network linked by the worldwide network ofnetworks called the internet. There are now over a millioncomputers on the internet, so your Email horizons are certainly very     broad.k into the top    government computer systems ?5.  On vend la meme chose moins chere la-bas. They sell the same thing down the street for a lot less.6.  64 K? Mon chat a une memoire plus grande que cal ! 64 K ? My cat has more memory !7.  C'est un prix tres raisonable pour une imprimante.  Est-ce     que c'est tombe d'un camion ? That is a very reasonable price for a printer.  Did it fall off  a truck ??8.  Est-ce que c'est maiment un modem, ce truc-la? Trois cent      baud, c'est tout ? Pas dain, go to step 9,        comply with that and then go to step ll.  ll.  Pick out your handle (like an alias or also know as) and      password (like open sesame, shazam, etc.).  You will need a        handle and password for most BBSs.  Its like joining a secret      club with code words, pass words, secret rituals, secret sexual    rituals, human sacrifice, etc.12.  Next get a large supply of food, drink, portible bathroom     facilities, shaving equipment, etc.  ready by your modem/computer/phone ar‚IےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےFollowing are excerpts from the Ottawa Freenet users guide.   It will    give you an idea of what internet is all about.  All the features described herein may not be available on an internet site, but the EMAIL/NEWSGROUPS should always be there.   Grive.2.  Bonjour, je m'appelle ***. Hello, my name is ***. [Substitute your name for *** or if you are with someone else's   spouse, John Smith or Jane Doe]3.  Il semble que mon disque dur est tombe en panne.  Pouvez-vous  me preter une capsule de cyanure ? My hard disk appears to have crashed.  Can you loan me a cyanide  pill ?4.  Pouvez-vous me donner le numero de telephone avee lequel je    peux dans le programme informatique du gouvernement ? Can you give me the correct phone number to breaWith that many connected computers, clearly mail addressing has to be    right in order to get a message to the right person. The system has      evolved over the years, and has become quite flexible, yetrelatively simple and easy to use. A typical address incorporates        country codes, network codes, institution codes, computer names and user ID's. For instance, my internet address is: aa331@freenet.carleton.caIn this, "ca" is the country code for Canada, "carleton" is the code for Carleton Univeet an indication that theaddressee is unknown, and you will be asked to confirm that this is OK   anyway.Next you will be asked for a message subject. Here you should enter a    brief (half a dozen words or so) indication of what themessage is about, with a minimum of ambiguity. For instance use "My      holiday plans for March" instead of just "Holidays". Thattitle is important because it will be used to identify your message      subject in the receiver's list of mail messages, and it will be        nternetaddresses, it is not so simple since a comprehensive address directory   does not exist. Getting the address of a person mayinvolve an exchange of letter mail or a telephone call.If you receive internet mail, the reply is simple since the message will carry the return address of the sender. Also, when youoriginate mail on NCF, your correct internet address is entered          automatically in the From: header. It should be noted that if you send   internet mail with an invalid address, at some p the header,   or individual line heading (From:, Subject:, To:, etc).Another point that should be made about sending mail is that the system  does not automatically save you a copy of the messages that you send. If you want to save a copy of anything, be sure to enteryour user ID in the Cc: portion of the message header.The next step is to move the cursor down to the space below the header   and to enter the text of the message. This portion is freeform, and you can use it in any way that gets your m personor persons to receive the message. Here you can reply with one address,  or with several addresses with a comma separating each.Also note that the address can be in the simple NCF form (i.e aa331) if  it is for a local user, or in the full internet form ifit is for an external user. If NCF ID's were used, the system will       respond with the full names and ask that you confirm that they are       correct. In the case of internet addresses, since NCF has no knowledge   of who they are, you will grsity, "freenet" is the name for the NCFcomputer and aa331 is my user ID. A message with that address put on the internet, anywhere in the world, will very quickly end up in my mailbox  on the NCF computer. For mail exchanged between NCFusers, simpler addressing is possible, and only the user ID (i.e. aa331) is required.For mail between NCF users, getting the address right is trivial, since  the user ID's available through the Directory Services menu will quickly tell you what is right. In the case of i  automatically used in any subsequent reply to your message.Having got through the preliminaries, you will then be presented with an editor screen showing the header of your message. Youshould be warned that if you have not selected an editor (see the        section on FreeNet Setup), you will be using the default editorwhich is very rudimentary, and a pain to use. You may edit the contents  of the header if the need for a change of address orsubject comes to mind. Do not however modify the format ofoint it will be          determined that the address does not exist, and the message will be sent back to you with a note indicating where the deliveryfailure occurred in the internet.SENDING MAIL:When you want to send mail go to the Post Office menu option 3. Once     selected, it will lead you through the process of creating a mail        message, then the step of sending it.First, you will be asked to verify that you want to send mail (answer    "y"), then you will be asked for the address of theessage across. The   only constraint is that you are using vanilla flavoured acsii text       (standard keyboard characters, 80 characters per line). When the text is finished, exit from the editor (control-x in the caseof pico, control-x,control-c in the case of Chet's editor).At this point you have several options. The most important are reading   it over and checking it, editing it further, cancelling it, or sending   it. Be sure that it is right before you send it, sincethere is no way of getting it Position the "*" so thedesired message is the active one, then turn on the capture option. Read through the message, or group of messages, using the T, N and V          commands, and finally turn off the capture option. At a later time, you  can edit the capture file off-line to separate messagesand delete any extraneous material between messages. It should be noted  that using the T, N, and V commands will avoid having to edit out the    page breaks that normally would occur with every screenfulof infoll also be someadditional codes; N for a new, unread message, R for a message that has  been read, A for a message that has been answered, and D for a message   that has been flagged for deletion. A * character willalso appear with the currently active message; that is, the message that is selected for reading, answering or deleting. You may step through the mail list by entering a "-" to go backward, or "=" togo forward.There are many commands that can be used with the mail reader, and it is suggestedeadingreading "Re: (the original wording of the senders subject)", and will    enter the original text of the senders message into the editor screen.   Note that this will only work if you have previouslyselected an editor as explained in the FreeNet Setup section.On the editor screen, each line of the original text will be preceded by a ">" character to indicate it is a quote from theoriginal message. Then go through the text and delete the lines that     need no comment, leaving only what is relevant't page the message   > - save the current message to a file in your work directoryIn addition, you can always read a particular message by entering the    number assigned to the message. Doing this will also position the "*" to that message, making it the active message.A commonly asked question is how can I transfer mail to a file on my own computer. There are two possible approaches. The easiestis probably to use the capture or logging option that is built in to     most terminal emulator packages. back or cancelling it once it has been     sent.RECEIVING MAIL:If mail is waiting for you at any time, you will see the note "You have  new mail" displayed at the bottom of any menu screen. To read it simply  enter "mail" on the command line. Alternately, you cango to the Post Office menu and select 2 - Check Your mail. The mail      reader will be started, and you will see a list of your mail messages.   The subject of each message will be listed, along witha sequential number. At the left there wirmation.The second method is to use the ">" command to save the desired messages to files in your work directory. Subsequently, you can goto the File Transfer Service menu and do a download of the savedfiles to your computer. This is described more fully in the Using the    File System section of this guide.The "r" command is very useful for doing an immediate reply to the       active message. When selected, this will immediately set up a draft      message to the senders address, with the subject h that you enter the "h" command to get the full list displayed. Some of the more useful ones are listed below:   t - Type out the current mail message   n - read the Next unread mail message   v - View the next mail message, read or unread   b - Back up and read the previous message   d - Delete the current message from your mailbox   r - send a Reply back to the author of the current message   T - like "t" but don't page the message   N - like "n" but don't page the message   V - like "v" but don to your reply. Finally,   put your responses below each of the quoted sections thatremain. It is a very quick and concise way of putting a reply together,  and it lets the original message sender know what pointsyou are following up on, and what your views are on these specific       issues. Once the reply message has been prepared, exit from the editor.At this point you have the same options available that were discussed    earlier under Sending a Message, that is, reading over,editing or sending. Bech case you will be prompted for the name of a file, and after the operation is completed on thatone file, you are returned to the Manipulate Files menu.In the case of editing files, there are two options in theManipulate Files menu:  8 Edit a file     In this case, the file that you designate will come up on the     edit screen of the editor that you have selected in your NCF     setup. (You must previously select and editor for this option     to work.) The details of using Pico or Chet's Editong facilities, two important points should be  observed. First, NCF does not condone the use of ourfacilities for illegal or illicit activities such as the exchange of     licensed and/or copyrighted information or software. Userviolating this principle will be permanently removed from the system. In addition, please note that the working file area isonly for temporary storage of information. Please remove old files when  they are no longer needed. The total NCF disk space is more than         adequate f than the one file at a time approach of the other     Manipulate Files menu commands. However, it is a more     sophisticated tool, and some study and practice are required.     You will find more details on DIRED in the Help System, item     14 of the main menu.Items 3 and 4 in the File Transfer Services menu provide probably the    most useful file service; the exchange of files between NCF and your     personal computer.In order for a computer-to-computer file transfer to work, there must be site Files option in the File  Transfer Services menu. When selected, you will seethe Manipulate Files menu that lets you do a number of operations (for   the most part self-explanatory) on the files in your workdirectory. The list of files will show you the names of all files in     your directory. It will also indicate that there are no files in the     directory if that is the case. The other operations;delete, rename, copy, Display with paging, and type without paging, all  do just what they say. If ea sure that it is right before you send it since    there is no getting it back once sent.11 USING THE FILE SYSTEMEvery user has a file storage area, termed his work directory, which can be used for the temporary storage of information. Thiswork directory can be used to edit files, to save and retrieve Email     messages and newsgroup articles, to transfer files betweenNCF and a user's PC, and it is also possible to send files to other      users or retrieve files from them.In using these file handlir were     discussed earlier in this Survival Guide, and more details can     be found in the Help System, item 14 of the main menu.  9 Edit your "work" directory (dired)     When selected, this enables you to do some more flexible     operations on the files in your work directory using DIRED, a     DIRectory EDitor. It will display a list of your files, then     by moving the cursor you can select any file, and operate on     it using a defined list of commands. It is a little more     flexibleor all current demands, and we have not had toimplement any file limitation measures. However, when the user load      increases we may routinely purge all user work storage without warning   on a weekly or even daily basis if required.To gain access to the file facilities, use the command "go xfer" or, at  the Main Menu select 13 - Communications, then select 6 -File Transfer Services.In addition to the transfer of files, there are some operations on files that can be done using the item 8 - Manipulamilar software on each computer. The software operatesaccording to a defined set of rules, called a protocol, that determine   the file identification, identification of the start andend of a file, the transmitted data block size, error detection features like check sums, acknowledgement of good blocks received,and the retransmission of blocks received with errors. There are many    different protocols available commercially, and there must be agreement  as to which one will be used for a given transfer. file transferred, and a notation that it can be       picked up by entering the command "go ups". After entering that command, then confirming that reception of the file is desired, thefile will be placed in the recipients working directory. Option 5 and 6  on the File Transfer Services menu may also be used to check for and     retrieve files sent in this manner. Any form of file maybe transferred in this file transfer method.12 USING DISCUSSION & NEWS GROUPSMuch of the interesting information availme of the file that you want to transfer (it must be the  name of a file that exists in your working directory - enter 5 to get a  list ontified this time at the PC end of the transmission. With KERMIT   it is normally the sending end that identifies the name ofthe file to be sent, and the file will appear in the file directory of   the receiving machine with the original name duplicated.If the file transfer fails to start, or it does not run properly, in     either of the above cases, it generally meansh ends with the notation ">>>". To  get to Usenet News, go to the Communication menu andselect item 3 - Read Usenet News>>>. It is strongly recommended that     before trying to use the News Reader that you ensure that both your      terminal setup and NCF setup have been set identically,otherwise your screen output may be garbled or erratic.If you select a local NCF discussion group, you will first see the list  of articles. You will see the titles given to each articleand a sequential number assigned them to a mail message addressed to that user through the use  of the append command in the Mail system. Such appendedfiles should be normal ascii text files.Alternately, you can use the File Transfer Services item 7 - Send a file to another user. When selected, you will be asked for thename of the file to be transferred, a short descriptive statement about  the file, and the user ID of the recipient. The system will then send an Email message to the recipient containing the name anddescription of theIn must be noted that although the NCF-PC file transfer menus mention    four different file transfer protocols (all of which areusually supported by most terminal emulator programs), currently ONLY    KERMIT IS WORKING. This is a temporary problem that is on the list of    things to be fixed. In the meantime, please use KERMITONLY for your file transfers.For a transfer from NCF to your PC, select item 3 on the File Transfer   menu, then select item 1 - KERMIT. You will then be askedto enter the naable on NCF comes in the form   of Discussion Groups or on Usenet News Groups. The first,Discussion Groups appear in many different places in the NCF menus and   represent questions, answers and comments posted in NCF files by         registered NCF users. The second is similar in concept, but is global in scope, and represents the combined inputs of many peoplescattered over the whole internet.Within the various NCF menus, a local discussion group will appear with  an appropriate descriptive title whic that there is a            discrepancy in the setup of your terminal emulator and NCF, or that      there is an incompatibility in the particular version of KERMIT that you are using. First go through the set up proceduresoutlined in sections 3 and 6 of this Survival Guide. If that does not    cure the problem it is suggested that you check with otherusers to see if anyone is aware of problems with your version of KERMIT.Files from your working directory may be sent to another NCF user by     appending to each. The current article (the one   that any command will act on) is always marked with "*". When you enter  a discussion group the "*" will be set to the firstunread article in that newsgroup. At the bottom of the article list is a short command menu, and a command line.To read an article you can enter the number next to the title or, if you wish, you can read unread articles in order by entering "n" (for next    article). After you have read an article the system willmark the article with an "R" some of these commands, most of the basic operations in     scanning through the article list and reading articles will become       fairly intuitive. There are a few things that should bepointed out.First, if you want to save any articles to a capture or log file with    your terminal emulator, you should use the "T", "N", "B" or "V" commands rather than the lower case equivalent. This willavoid having page breaks embedded in the middle of your captured file.   You may also save an article to a file i the form of a number and a threecharacter abbreviation followed by a ".". Selecting one of them by       entering its number will result usually in the display of a second list  which breaks that topic down into a list of numbered sub-topics. This process may repeat several times. Eventually, you should    get to a numbered list of articles, or a note indicatingthat there are no articles available in that group. When you get to the  list of articles, operation of the newsreader becomes thesame as that ing number. When you get the "*" positioned to    the point where you want to start regular reading, then give the "k"     command. This will mark all prior articles as read, andsubsequent use of the "n" command will read only the laterarticles.e sure to enteryour user ID in the Cc: portion of the message header.The next step is to move the cursor down to the space below the header   and to enter the text of the message. This portion is freeform, and you can use it in any way that gets your m as "n" without page breaks.   "B" -- Same as "b" without page breaks.   "V" -- same as "v" without page breaks.   "q" or "x" -- Quit or eXit the newsreader.   "c" -- Contribute an article.   "f" -- post a Follow-up to the current article.   "=" -- moves you forward one screen in the article list.   "-" -- moves you backward one screen in the article list.   ">" -- Save current article to a file in your work directory.   "k" -- Mark as read all up to and including the current articleAfter trying to show that you have read it. When you     leave a discussion group, the system will record which articles you have read, and the next time you use that discussion group thelist of read articles will be restored to the state that you left.       Continuing to use the "n" command will result in reading only what you   have not previously read.If you select Usenet Newsgroups, instead of seeing the article list of a single discussion group, you will see the main newsgroup list. Each item on this list takesn your workdirectory with the ">" command, and later download it to you machine.A second point is that if you come in for the first time to a long       standing discussion group, you may be faced with a very long list of     unread articles. You may regard the older stuff as nowirrelevant, and wish to ignore it completely. In such a case, step       through the list using the "=" command until the list begins to look     interesting. You may even want to sample a few articles byentering the corresponddiscussed above with discussion groups.A great number of additional commands can be used with thenewsreader. To see the full list you can enter the "h" command at any    time. Some of the more useful commands are listed below:   "t" -- Type out the current article.   "n" -- read the Next unread article.   "b" -- Back up and read the previous article.   "v" -- View the next article.   "s" -- read the next unread article with the Same subject.   "T" -- Same as "t" without page breaks.   "N" -- Same‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے THE PRESIDENT SAYS I understand that Micro-Innovations, the ADAM business that Mark  Gordon started, is going out of business and selling off what's    left of their inventory.  I am extremely sorry to hear this, but   feel that I understand the reasdiscussed above with discussion groups.A great number of additional commands can be used with thenewsreader. To see the full list you can enter the "h" command at any    time. Some of the more useful commands are listed below:   "t" -- Type out the current article.   "n" -- read the Next unread article.   "b" -- Back up and read the previous article.   "v" -- View the next article.   "s" -- read the next unread article with the Same subject.   "T" -- Same as "t" without page breaks.   "N" -- Samehad worked on solving the problems,  but Mark gave us a viable product that filled the bill, looked     good, and was well within the price range of most of us. Mark did not make a lot of money supplying these much needed      peripherals; in fact, I seriously doubt if he realized anything    over the cost of his investment.  However, I think he enjoyed the  endeavor until now.  He no longer has the time or inclination to   pursue what I'm sure was, for him, much like a hobby.  He is       moving on to ot and a full, formal            announcement will be mailed out to Newsletter Editors and known     individual ADAM owners during April.  If you are an ANN             subscriber, you will get a copy for sure!2) ANNADRES  The ADAM News Network listing of names and addresses   has again been updated duing February, 1994 and is reissued  herein in it's traditional format grouped by Activity/Organization.  Our thanks go to Guy Cousineau who          maintains this listing for us all.3) INTERNET  Guy also g ill result usually in the display of a second list  which breaks that topic down into a list of numbered sub-topics. This process may repeat several times. Eventually, you should    get to a numbered list of articles, or a note indicatingthat there are no articles available in that group. When you get to the  list of articles, operation of the newsreader becomes thesame as that oning behind his decision. Mark got into the business of making disk drives and hard drives  for the ADAM computer because his son had an ADAM.  He needed      these peripherals to make his computer more up-to-date, and        easier to use.  Mark had the know-how to do this, and in the       process, improved the life of a lot of ADAM users. In addition, Mark gave us parallel printer boards, memory         expanders, and other peripherals that we needed in order to keep   the ADAM competitive.  Others ‚Dےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                         February, 1994                           ANN Disk #21) ADAMCON6  Provides and update on the upcoming 6th ANNUAL         INTERNATIONAL ADAM CONVENTION in Sarasota, Florida, Oct 6-9,  1994.  Convention plans are proceeding wellher things, like so many others before him. To us, this means that we will have to look elsewhere for         peripherals we had come to take for granted.  I sincerely hope     that someone else will either buy the privilege of making Mark's   drives and related products, or come up with another edition to    take the place of the Micro-Innovations merchandise.  If you       don't already have a disk drive or a hard drive for your ADAM,     you might be wise to get one now, while they are still available.ave us an explanation of the INTERNET             so may folks are talking about.We have additional contributions by Barry Wilson (from past         issuances, but new to a lot of new ANN subscribers), they are:4) BW24   Hey - Barry actually considers using a modem for          telecommunications!5) FRENCHBW  Barry wrote a language primer in advance of the             Toronto Convention a few years ago - here it is.Peter Ames of MOAUG is working hard on programs for the ADAM        community.  A some of these commands, most of the basic operations in     scanning through the article list and reading articles will become       fairly intuitive. There are a few things that should bepointed out.First, if you want to save any articles to a capture or log file with    your terminal emulator, you should use the "T", "N", "B" or "V" commands rather than the lower case equivalent. This willavoid having page breaks embedded in the middle of your captured file.   You may also save an article to a file i Deere  Info about Micro Innovations10) THNGS394  By "      "   Hey - Tony Patterson is Back!11) WRDPRO16  another in Norman Deere's excellent series.Keith Marner, president, Newsletter Editor, and about everything    else, for the United Kingdom AUG has sent us the following files.   Some contain material previously published in ANN disks but         contain new material and comments of value from Keith.              Particularly see his note to the ANN staff in UKREADME in regard    to this matter a he will give her a hand, if she wants it.  Tony and Pat  are both very talented graphics experts, and have worked together  before.  I couldn't talk Tony into giving a seminar at ADAMCON 6,  but Pat will be giving one.  Anyone who would like to learn more   about graphics should plan to attend.  Pat and Tony are excellent  sources of information. Terry Fowler, ADAM'S HOUSE, Rt.  2, Box 2756, 1829-1 County Road  130, Pearland, TX 77581, (713) 482-5040, tells us the 720K Disk    Drive has been discontinuedALETT   Previously published by ANN but see Keiths               comments at the conclusion.20) UKPSUSKT   A Powerpaint file21) UKREADME   How to "save" the above file and other matters.22) UKSTEER    A battery eliminator for Expansion Module #223) UKTDOSTP   Part one of a series by Guy Cousineau24) UKTELECM   Using the ADAM with US BBS'.25) UKWPTIPS   A solution to a problem raised by Faye Deere               in her article "Moving Around in ShowoffII." couple of months ago he provided us with a  Directory command for SmartBasic that was published with a flaw  in the       program.  He replaces that program plus adds a gift for  Hard drive users as follows:6) DIRCOMND   Change your SmartBAsic CATALOG command to a               DIR OR CAT Command and still have CATALOG too.7) HDQDSK     Installing an EOS RAM Disk with a hard DriveFrom the March edition of the ECAUG Newsletter comes:8) COPY   A SmartBasic program to copy blocks9) PREZ394   By Faye‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے THINGS I THOUGHT YOU MIGHT LIKE TO KNOW Tony Patterson, long ago associated with terrific graphics, has   promised he will attend ADAMCON 6.  Also, Pat Herrington, of       EyeZod, was asked to do the artwork for the ADAM convention, and   Tony sayslong with info on how to properly save the  UKSUSKT powerpaint file if you are a ANN TDOS subscriber.12) UKBEGIN2   Part 2 of Keith's series on the ADAM13) UKDPTIPS   Another in Keith's series on DBII.14) UKLETTER   Keith answers a A letter from an ADAM owner.15) UKLOGO4    Ron Mitchell's 4 in his series on Logo.  Keith               says ANN started with #6 (I think he's right)17) UKMEMBRS   A list of the UK Group members.18) UKNEWS02   Keith's February Newsletter news series article.19) UKP.  There is also a shortage of ADAM     Printer Ribbon Cartridges, and Terry no longer has ADAM Printers   for sale.  If you have an ADAM Printer to sell, contact Terry.     He would like to buy it from you.  These factors seem to indicate  that now is the time to invest in a dot matrix printer. Unfortunately, another ADAM vendor and ADAM programmer, Bruce     Walters, formerly with WALTERS SOFTWARE, has elected to move on.   I hear that Bruce, currently the owner/operator of HEXACE          SOFTWARE, R.Dnces to SK means smart key which  are the 6 black keys along the top of the keyboard numbered I to  VI.The word processor, that is built into the ADAM on a Read Only      Memory (ROM) chip is commonly called the SmartWRITER word           processor.  After switching on the ADAM it comes up in TYPEWRITER   mode.  When you hit the ESC/WP command key you will be in word      processor mode and in standard screen format.  As we mentioned in   the last issue, it might be easier if you switched to moving       ny more support     people decide that it is not worth it, where will we, the ADAM     users be?  Bruce owns 160K, 320K, and 720K disk drives, a hard drive, two    complete ADAM systems, memory expanders and addressors -EVE VPM3   - over 1000 disks with files and programs, tapes with original     programming and more.  I don't know how much of his equipment is   left, but if you want something, get in touch with Bruce.  He      just might have it. This little excerpt was from a message on a BBS from Chre any  name up to 10 characters but no spaces.  Now you can press SK VI  to     store the file consisting of the first few words of your work.      This establishes a file on the tape or disk.  If you carry on typing and wish to save more text, you will get  to the stage where you have to type in another file name because  the  message in the yellow area will display "NEW FILE PLEASE TYPE  NAME OF FILE".  This will soon fill up your tape or disk with  different names for each portion of text saved which i‚Dےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے BEGINNING WITH ADAM Pt 2 The SmartWRITER Word Processor & Printer  By K.A.  MarnerThis article is the second in a series on the ADAM, outlining  what it can do in its basic form up to advanced applications with        'hi-tech' peripherals.  Refere.  #4, Box 81, Franklin, PA 16323, is selling all     his ADAM hardware and software.  Bruce received only one request   for a catalog last year, and his last program sold only five       copies. This means his hard work has hardly been worth it.  This is the   reason that we should all support people producing for the ADAM    computer.  The ADAM is now ten years old, and still going strong;  but this can continue only as long as the ADAM continues to be     supported by talented people like Bruce.  If ma window format and set the right margin to 45.When you begin typing you should save your work after the first     line of text.  Press the STORE/GET command key, press SK V and      then the SK that corresponds to your drive.  These keys will only   show up if you have a tape or disk in the drive.  SK II is your     first tape drive, SK IV is your second tape drive and SK V is  your disk drive.  Now you will see the yellow SK area display the        message "NEW FILE PLEASE TYPE NAME OF FILE".  You can usis        Braymen:  Now, even though I've got Dot Matrix printers hooked up  to my Mac and Pc, I still use the ADAM daisy wheel if I need       something to look 'typed'. -Faye B.  DeereDAM owner.15) UKLOGO4    Ron Mitchell's 4 in his series on Logo.  Keith               says ANN started with #6 (I think he's right)17) UKMEMBRS   A list of the UK Group members.18) UKNEWS02   Keith's February Newsletter news series article.19) UKPs impractical so this is what you do.  After saving the first line    of text, clear the screen with the CLEAR command key.  Now          retrieve the saved file by pressing the STORE/GET key, press the    SK that corresponds to the drive you saved your file on.  The       drive will turn and the FILE DIRECTORY will be displayed.  Here is a handy tip to save time choosing your file.  The black     pointer will be at the first file at the top left hand column.   If the file you want is at the bottom rightter typing, you will notice that the horizontal marker on the     ruler line at the very top of the page will be at the position  one character ahead of the last character typed.  I will use the  above heading as an example and you can see it is 23 characters  long     including the spaces.  The marker in this case will be at  position 34.  You will want to move the cursor back to the first  character.  If you are at the top of the first page you can use the HOME key but anywhere else you can use the HOME irst few lines back on the screen you may       carry on typing as normal.  When you have a few more lines typed,   you should save your work space again.  This time, because you      retrieved your file from the tape or disk albeit only a few few     words, the word processor will not treat it as a new file and  will already have the old file name in the yellow message area.   You    can carry on storing the file over and over with a little  more     work each time and you can use the same file name each tnd 18 to the right.This is where the INSERT command key comes in.  With the cursor  at the extreme left, press INSERT.  Now tap the space bar 18  times to give the blank spaces, then press SK VI (done).  There  you have    it.  A heading in the centre.If you write letters on a regular basis, you might want to save a   file with just your address in it.  You can then retrieve it,  type your letter and then save it with a different name.  You  will then always have a file on your tape or disk with just yo before printing.All this is a precaution against power cuts or accidental switch    offs.  The most you will ever lose is a few lines of text. CENTERING YOUR HEADINGSThe SmartWRITER word processor has a lot of built-in features but   one that is missing is an automatic way of centering your text.     Here is a handy way to do this.  Type the heading at the extreme    left hand side.  The first letter of which will be at character     position 10 since the default margins are LEFT 10 and RIGHT 70.Af (the furthest point        away), press the right arrow key once, press the up arrow key  once then press the right arrow key once again.  The pointer will  be at the file at the bottom right hand column.  You can now  press SK VI to GET the file.  If you have more than 16 files stored on the medium, some will be displayed on a second FILE       DIRECTORY.  To see this, get to the stage where the pointer is at   the file at the bottom right hand column then press the down  arrow key.When you have your fand RIGHT       ARROW key together to get back to the extreme left hand side.       Note that these keys have to be pressed TOGETHER.  Now we know      that the carriage width is 60 characters since the left margin is   10 and the right is 70.  We also know that our total heading        length is 23.  We will round this up to the nearest EVEN number     which is 24.  Take 24 from 60 leaving 36.  With me so far? You  now know that to get your heading in the centre, it will need 18  blank spaces to its left aime.The word processor will always create a backup of your previously   saved file.  You can see what is in it by first clearing the        screen, get the FILE DIRECTORY up on the screen and then press SK   V (BACKUP FILE DIR).  There you will see one file with the same     name as your main file but if you GET it, you will see that it      contains only what you had previously saved.  Before you save  your work for the last time, set your right margin back to 70 or  you    will have to remember to do sour  address.ADAM is capable of using other word processors.  VDE266 is in the   public domain and is capable of automatically centering text plus   a whole bunch of other features that are missing from  SmartWRITER.  WordStar 4 is a commercial package that contains a spelling checker, a huge dictionary and a whole bunch of utility    programs that run on their own and is packed full of even more      features. <return>  key,  the program will RETURN to the point at which it was called be it the  DOT  PROMPT  or  another command file such as  the  menu.   Now  your  CUSTADD command file looks like this and note that my comments  begin  with an asterisk which can also be used to describe the program:* PROGRAM: CUSTADD.CMD * Adds clients to the CUSTFILE databaseset talk offerase* Store 8 spaces to the variable called surnamestore "        " to surname@ 04,10 say "ADD A NEW CUSTOMER"* Give yourself a line s‚Gےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                            dBASE II TIPS           Pt 3 Writing a menu command file By K.A. MarnerSo  far,  if you have been following the series, you  should  have  a  database file called CUSTFILE.DBF and you should also have a  command  file  cal,mbalance  store "       " to mcity  store "                    " to mcounty  store "Y" to msave* Put the blank details up on the screen  set format to custdet.fmt  read  set format to screen* Another way to abort without saving or opening a blank record  @ 22,60 say "SAVE RECORD Y/N? " get msave  read  if msave="n"    erase    return  else* Now  you've done it. You could have quit but you continued so now *  the blank record will be opened and the details you entered on the *   screen will bd it if we asked dBASE  to  find  SMITH because it does not match exactly. We will do  this  with  the  aid  of  the PICTURE clause with the exclamation  mark  !  which  converts all lower case characters to upper case. Note also that  for  long command lines we can split it up with a semi colon.While we are at it we will take the line that starts           "if surname="        " and shorten the amount of spaces to just one like this " ". This will  ensure  that so long as nothing is pressed except the  that you enter the "h" command to get the full list displayed. Some of the more useful ones are listed below:   t - Type out the current mail message   n - read the Next unread mail message   v - View the next mail message, read or unread   b - Back up and read the previous message   d - Delete the current message from your mailbox   r - send a Reply back to the author of the current message   T - like "t" but don't page the message   N - like "n" but don't page the message   V - like "v" but dono you can quit if you change your mind @ 10,10 say "Enter the surname or hit return to quit " get surname;  PICTURE "!!!!!!!!"* Read what you have entered in as surnameread* Test the first character to see if anything was entered, * if        nothing, quit or return to the previous programif surname=" "  erase  returnendif* Set up a loop to initialise variables and display blank details do   while T  store surname to mlname  store "        " to mfname,mstname,mpostcode  store 0 to mstnum,mcreditled  CUSTADD.CMD for adding details and a  format  file  for  entering or retrieving details called CUSTDET.FMT.The  next thing to be done is to create a menu that will give us  the  option  to choose the above command file. But first we will  tidy  up  the  CUSTADD  file  by making sure all the data that  we  enter  will  appear  as upper case. This is important especially when it comes  to  searching  for a record. For instance, if we saved a record with  the  customer's name as Smith we would never fine saved in the blank record.    use custfile    append blank    replace lname with mlname,fname with mfname,stnum with mstnum,;    stname with mstname,city with mcity,county with mcounty,postcode; with mpostcode,credit with mcredit,balance with mbalance  endifreturnenddoeraseusereturnNow we must tidy up the CUSTDET.FMT file to allow upper case input.@ 04,30 say "CUSTOMER DETAILS"@ 06,10 say "NAME        " get mfname picture "!!!!!!!!"@ 06,40 get mlname picture "!!!!!!!!"@ 08,10 say "STREET e options which we  will  cover  later.  Option  E  is used to quit the menu  by  first  clearing  the  screen, clear temporary fields such as your memory variables, closing  any  open files and finally returning to the DOT PROMPT. After  this,  you can exit dBASE II by typing QUIT at the DOT PROMPT.This  is the basis of all menus and can be copied and  renamed  under  TDOS and then altered to suit. Let us think now, for a minute  about,  what other options we may need when maintaining a client or  customs usual, the  first  line  will SET TALK OFF to suppress any  messages  that  dBASE  displays  while  it is executing a command and the second  line  will  clear  the  screen  before  the  title or  any  of  the  options  are  displayed. Type   MODI COMM CUSTMENU<cr> then enter this:* PROGRAM: CUSTMENU Main menu screenset talk offdo while T  erase  store " " to option* Title and underline for added effect  @ 1,20 say "CLIENT DATABASE MANAGEMENT MENU "  @ 2,20 say "-------------------------------"*Write and tell me and I will  work  the ideas into the tutorial.Next issue we will cover INDEXing and FINDing.the current mail message   n - read the Next unread mail message   v - View the next mail message, read or unread   b - Back up and read the previous message   d - Delete the current message from your mailbox   r - send a Reply back to the author of the current message   T - like "t" but don't page the message   N - like "n" but don't page the message   V - like "v" but don option = "1"      do CUSTADD  endcaseenddoThe whole thing is enclosed in a DO WHILE T loop to keep the  program  dynamic  until a key is pressed. The first portion of the program  is  just  a  screen  display  and the  second  portion,  after  the  READ  statement contains the DO CASE loop that will call the programs asked  for by the READ statement. As you can see Option 1 calls the  program  CUSTADD  and the RETURN statement in that program will return  it  to  the  menu. Options 2 - 9 are for futur     "@ 08,23 get mstnum PICTURE "99999"@ 08,35 get mstname PICTURE "!!!!!!!!"@ 10,10 say "CITY        " get mcity PICTURE "!!!!!!!"@ 12,10 say "COUNTY      " get mcounty PICTURE "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"  @ 14,10 say "POST CODE   " get mpostcode PICTURE "!!!!!!!!" @ 16,10    say "FINANCES"@ 17,11 say "CREDIT = "@ 17,30 get mcredit@ 18,10 say "BALANCE = "@ 18,30 get mbalancePICTURE "99999" above will ensure that only numerics will be accepted  and only 5 figures at that. Now for the menu screen and aer  database.  We  already have a means to add a record  but  what  about  deleting, viewing, browsing, printing, etc.  If  you can think of some more options, write in and tell  me.  Don't  forget  that  this  tutorial is not restricted  to  just  a  customer  finance database. It will give you ideas on what to use your dBASE II  for. You can customise it for maintaining a mailing list for a  small  business  or for your Christmas or birthday card list. How  about  an  inventory database or recipe file.  First option to be displayed on the screen  @ 5,10 say "1. ADD A CLIENT TO THE DATABASE"  @ 6,10 say "2. "  @ 7,10 say "3. "  @ 8,10 say "4. "  @ 9,10 say "5. "  @ 10,10 say "6. "  @ 11,10 say "7. "  @ 12,10 say "8. "  @ 13,10 say "9. "  @ 15,10 say "E. TO EXIT THIS MENU"* This allows you to enter your choice and changes the entry to upper  case  @ 20,10 say "ENTER YOUR CHOICE " get option picture "!"  read  do case    case option = "E"      erase      clear      use      return    case‚DےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےOne ex-member mistakenly thought they could receive the same  level of service as our fully paid up members.  Having already  written   to them, about one year ago, offering the chance to re- join, I     thought it necessary to set the story straight o being deliberately awkward and I know that paying for a    service you might think you will only need once a year may not      seem a viable venture but, as I have said time and time again,  the simplest use of the ADAM is word processing.  More than half  of    our members only use the ADAM for this process and we try to  carry articles and tips on the subject in every issue of the  newsletter.  These are not just "how to format text" and such like but we have news on how to maintain data drives, how to ning a daisywheel and how to install it.  I also invited  you to take advantage of our services by re-joining our group.   My     records show that you could not see your way to doing so but I      never give up.  Your latest enquiry is a prime example.  You sent   me a package with a tape and a short note with the details of the   problem plus an order for a new one and no cheque.  I must stress   that you still remain a non-member but still require our services   and for no cost as there was no cheque enccounted at 30%.    We don't wish to ignore non- members as other organisations might   so non-members will pay #1.95 for fixing faulty tapes and #2.60     each for brand new ones.If the faulty items turn out to be good, then I don't just leave    it there.  I offer a course of action that may point to another     faulty item that may cause the problems experience.Your tape, as I have taken the time to check, was found to be in    good working order and therefore I suggest a tape head clean up     with cart of a group of people who have         something in common, be it word processing or any ADAM related      process and who can share ideas and problems with them through  the pages of that newsletter.Members are happy to have a central point of contact where they     can speedily obtain answers to ANY problem they have and            understand that the small fee is worth the peace of mind.  They     would be bitterly disappointed if they knew that non-members were   given the same treatment.I am notnce more  whilst,   of course, giving them yet another chance to join.  I am  inviting  you all, all our members that is, to write in and let me  know if   you think I was too harsh or if I was perfectly right.   This is,   after all, your club why not have a say? Obviously, I  have kept    the name anonymous to save any embarasment and to be fair, I received a reply one week later.Tel or FAX 081-654-2184Dear Annon, Feb 08 1994I last wrote to you Feb 23 1993 in reply to an enquiry you made     concer       maintain the files on your tapes to get maximum storage, how to     connect up a disk drive, etc.  We even have a part exchange         service that will allow members to exchange their slow data  drives for the much faster and easier to maintain disk drive.   And if     there is more you want, we will do our best to accommodate.  Faulty tapes submitted by our members still cost      #1.50 to repair and new tapes are still #2.00 each plus, of         course, postage.  This is (excluding postage) dislosed.  This is a         service that I do not even offer our fully paid up members.This group and the services it provides is not a business, it is    not run for profit and my time is spent on a full-time job and      then there are the ADAM related affairs of gathering news,  writing articles printing the newsletter, answering letters, etc.Our members pay #10.00 per year (#15.00 for the first year) to      receive the newsletter (on time), receive the best price possible   for ADAM goods and to be potton buds dipped in isopropyl alchohol or surgical spirit.   This is, incidentally, a small example of the type of article I     would print in the newsletter.  In fact, we are currently running   a series on how each part of the ADAM works and how to maintain     them.It is only fair that you are, once again, given the chance to  join us again, it is still only #15.00 and all your questions  will be   answered even to the point of printing detailed articles  on        certain topics YOU requested in thesue, and introduce our friend the   turtle.  Some of you may have experimented a little already.  If    you're following just about any introductory text on the LOGO       language, you've probably already tried making some designs on  the screen using turtle graphics.  That's where most books start  out.Under the ADAM SmartLOGO system, the turtle is in fact a series  of sprites.  You can even change his shape and do so very easily.      More about that in just a minute.  First let's look at the screen   #13.73 (highly recommended) THE    FIRST BOOK OF ADAM  #9.89          #7.61 (highly recommended)       REPLACEMENT JOYSTICK    #5.97          #4.59BLANK DATA PACK         #2.60          #2.00This is the best I can offer you.  Please feel free to telephone    if you need any further clarification and please send you cheque    for #2.60 (or #2.00 + #15.00 membership) for the new tape, made     payable to K.A.  MARNERI have already sent you a price list so if you do decide to join,   do not forget to choorticle, we'll find it challenging enough    to look after one.  Next time we'll see if we can't get some more   roaming about the screen.For our purposes and for those of LOGO, the screen is a little      different from the SmartBASIC graphics modes.  Turtle coordinates   [0,0] are in the centre of the screen.  Turtle movement is          expressed in steps which are about the same as pixels.  So from     the home position you can move him 123 steps left or 124 steps      right.  You can also move the tur‚Dےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے THE LOGO NOTEBOOK Pt 4 By Ron Mitchell Introducing Mr.  Turtle.  Courtesy of NIADSo far we've covered a few essential commands in SmartLOGO, and     we've begun the menu for a tutorial.  We're going to leave the      latter program aside for this is past such as "HOW TO FIT A  NEW DAISYWHEEL", "HOW TO TRANSFER SMARTFILER DATABASES FROM DATA  PACK  TO DISK", "HOW TO WIPE CLEAN A TAPE, etc.Here is a reminder of some of the games you wanted to purchase  but did not get back to me with an order:                     NON-MEMBERS       MEMBERSADDICTUS               #17.85         #13.73 (recommended)          BRAINSTORM             #16.85         #12.96ENGLISH DAISYWHEEL      #9.10          #7.00 (recommended) FILE     MANAGER           #17.85         on which the turtle operates.When you first load the LOGO system, you find the turtle in the     centre of the screen pointing toward the top, or facing north.   In this position, the turtle's co-ordinates are 0,0 or home.   This is where he starts from.  His heading is also 0.  There are  a number  of things to remember about the turtle, most important  of which    are 1) where is he? and 2) what is his heading.In fact there are 30 turtles each capable of independent control    and movement.  In this ase an item from the public domain list on      pages 8 and 9 absolutely free.  A-Chess is highly recommended and   there are instructions too. PLEASE JOIN US NOW Yours Sincerely, K.A.  Marner ---oOo---The reply I received requested the return of the tape for which     postage was included but they still could not see the advantage  of joining the group and said they really did not want any             'literature' in the mail.  The choice is theirs.tle 95 steps up and 96 steps       down.  In effect, what you do is set up an imaginary x-y axis on    the screen with the origin at the centre.  Turtle movement right    and upward will be expressed in positive coordinates.  Movement     left and downwards will be expressed in negative coordinates.   For example: SETPOS [-123 95]will put the turtle in the upper left hand corner of the screen.    While... SETPOS [124 -96]would put the turtle in the lower right hand corner of the  screen.This takese turtle's heading.  That's    with commands SETHEADING or SETH for short. SETH 45will turn the turtle northeast. SETH -45will turn the turtle northwestThe manual makes an important point in describing this command      whereas the LT and RT commands took an argument in degrees          relative to the last turtle heading, the SETH command is  absolute; that is it doesn't matter what the previous turtle heading was, SETH will set it to the heading you want without       reference to the previous pretty much the area you have to work with.The SETPOS command we've already covered.  FD, RT and LT are  short forms of FORWARD, RIGHT and LEFT.  There's another we  haven't used and that is BACK or BK.  These should be more or less self-explanatory.  They are the commands that move the  turtle around the screen.There are other commands to achieve the same purpose.  SETPOS       [x,y] will position the turtle in accordance with the values of x   and y.  You can also set the x coordinate or the y coordiYou tell me which is easier.Finally, we're going to get a little more sophisticated and deal    with three LOGO operations that are concerned with the heading  and coordinates of the turtle.  We have TOWARDS, DISTANCE, XCOR  and    YCOR.Picture the following scenario.  Let's say in a LOGO game you  have written, there's a stage where your turtle, deftly disguised  as    something out of PAC-MAN, has been wandering all over the  screen   eating green-eyed munchkins.  Now you want this character  back ats that with the LT and RT commands, the argument,    expressed in degrees, is relative to the last position of the       turtle.  Thus, successive commands of: RT 45 RT 45would have the turtle pointing where?You got it, due east or heading 90.  Try these: REPEAT 90 [LT 12 FD 7] REPEAT 90 [LT 20 FD 10 RT 40 FD 10]You'll have your turtle moving all over the place, but with any     luck he'll end up where he began.  We'' get to the REPEAT command   in a moment.There is one other way of changing th a little getting used to, so let's try an experiment.    Load up your LOGO and type in the following.  (Be sure you type  it all before you press return). PU SETPOS [-120 96] PD FD 245 RT 90 FD 191 RT 90 FD 245 RT 90 FD   191When you press return you'll find the turtle drawing a border       around the screen.  Notice that we're not operating right at the    outer edges of our screen, because like the HGR mode in             SmartBASIC, it won't show up.  In practice, the area bonded by  our border is heading.With all this, you can play to your hearts content.  Let's get      back to the REPEAT command, for it will save you a lot of work.REPEAT [ followed by a number and then an instruction list in       square brackets ] will cause LOGO to repeat the instructions in     the square brackets the number of times specified.  It's a real     time saver.Supposing we wanted to draw a square.  We would say: FD 50 RT 90 FD 50 RT 90 FD 50 RT 90 FD 50or using the REPEAT command: REPEAT 4 [FD 50 RT 90]nate       independently without affecting the other with the commands SETX    and SETY.  These two do not require the use of square brackets      around their respective arguments.  You simply type SETX-100 or     SETY 90.While you're busy setting things, you can also set the turtle's     heading.  Think of compass headings:  0 is north, 90 is east, and   so on.  The commands RT and LT (RIGHT or LEFT) followed by the      number of degrees will turn the turtle for you.  One important      point to note i  the coordinates of [20 10] because it's time for him to  rest.  You don't know what his heading is...  could be just about  anything.   You simply type: SETH TOWARD [20 10]and that gets him pointed in the right direction.Now you want to know the distance he has to travel to get to his    bed.  You type: FD DISTANCE [20 10]and that gets him home.Supposing you don't want him to come home, but only wanted to  know where he was: PR XCORand PR YCORand presto, you know where your turtle is hlaying.Aldershoff, Melanie.  Pax River MARYLAND U.S.A.  Angus, Paulette.  Shirley Croydon SurreyAscott, Lesley Mr. Harlow Essex Bond, Mr. P.A.  Chilwell Nottingham Notts.  NG9 5EY Cobley, David Qualicum Beach British Columbia CANADA  Dunbar,      Yvonne.  Eastbourne East Sussex Fowler, Terry Pearland Texas USA Gilbert, Mr. B.T.  Carlton Bedford Bedds.  Gooley, Tristan.  Datchet, Berks Gricko, Charles.  East Stroudsburg USA Hambly, Ron.  Angarrack, Hale, Cornwall Herrington, Pat Ms.  OPOPKA Flori‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے LET'S STAY IN TOUCHHere is a list of all our members to date, after I have weeded     out all the members who have not renewed.  First of all here are members who gave permission for their        addresses to be published so other members can get inNeeley, Alan.  Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A.  Notini, Jim.  Chicago Ilanois U.S.A.  Porter, John.  Saffron Walden, Essex Smith, Rosalyn.  Northampton, Northamptonshire Weaver, Mr. A.  Quinton BirminghamWilliams, John.  Dagenham Essex Wilmot, Vincent London  screen, because like the HGR mode in             SmartBASIC, it won't show up.  In practice, the area bonded by  our border is  7SB.  081-654-  2184Millington, Dave.  68 Belmont Avenue Sandbach Cheshire CW11 9BY    Perrott, Stephen 43 Melville Road Walthamstow London E17 6QS Here are the members who have not yet given permission for us to   publish their address.  If you are on this list and would like     members to contact you, please drop us a line and while you are    at it, why not print a short letter, telling us what hardware      setup you have and what you use your ADAM for even, if it is just  word processing or game piding.The LOGO primitives TOWARDS, DISTANCE, XCOR and YCOR are all        operations.  Do you remember the difference between a command and   an operation?Next time out we'll show you how to easily and deftly disguised     your turtle as whatever shape you want...  including something  out of PAC- MAN.he current message   T - like "t" but don't page the message   N - like "n" but don't page the message   V - like "v" but donda U.S.A.  FL 32703Hilditch, Paul.  Stoke-on-Trent Staffs.Hodgkiss, Bilston West Midlands Jackson, Mark.  Swanscombe Kent Jarvis, Barry.  Croxley Green, Rickmansworth Herts.   Keene,       Thomas.  Orange, California U.S.A.  Lever, Keith.  Bittern Park Southampton Hants Lewin, Mr. A.H.  Dartford Kent Lynch, Bart.  Kent WA.  U.S.A.  Lynch, Jessica.  Shirley Croydon Surrey Mackie, Thomas Saskatoon Saskatchewan CANADA Marner, Arthur.  Croydon Surrey Martin, Tony.  San Francisco California, U.S.A.   touch with   them.  Some phone numbers were ommitted at the wish of the         individual.Bickley, John.  37 The Knoll Woodford, Plymouth, Devon PL7 4SH     0752-341932 Claridge, Paul.  48, Recreation Avenue Romford Essex RM7 9ET       Fillary, Roger.  24 Acorn Way, Mayow Road, Forrest Hill London     SE23 2XY Howard, James.  523 Dereham Road Norwich Norfolk NR5 8TA           Marchant, Dez Mr. K.D.  11, Hillside, Sidbury Nr.  Sidmouth  Devon EX10 0QZ Marner, Keith.  33 Homer Road, Croydon, Surrey CR0‚CےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےGreetings from the home of the greatest ADAM users group in the    UK.  Alright, so it's the only ADAM users group in the UK but we   should still be proud of the fact that we belong to a computer     users group who aren't affiliated to any organisatiove bitten the dust without informing us.    IDEAS FROM THE UK I am still waiting to hear from one or two of you who have come    up with some brilliant ideas but have yet to put them in print     (or DDP/DISK).  These include soldering one of the wire-wrapped    connections in the printer to gain more current to hold the TV     screen steady whilst printing.  How many people still suffer from  this? Another is how to combine two SmartFILER databases from 2    160k diskettes so they can be accessed from e out there in October, pop in and     enjoy!    NEW DEVELOPMENTS Mark Gordon intends to spend his future time on developing new     hardware just for us.  We need to tell him what we need.  He has   our survey results and some circuit diagrams of our UK version of  the Expansion Module but apart from this he is thinking about a    5.25" 1.2mb/320kb ADAMnet floppy disk drive; a 20mb/40mb ADAMnet   hard disk; a large memory expander in the region of 16 or 32mb     with/without battery backup; a compositeI know that time is scarce.  It took me ages to type up this       month's hardware tip which involved taking my steering module      apart and jotting down each move I made.  But once every two       months is no hardship.  If it ever came to writing EVERY article   for the newsletter I would probably have to cut the issues down    to once every 6 months.  Thank goodness for A.N.N.  who provide    what used to be 'stocking fillers' for the gaps in our newsletter  but are more and more relied upon these day him what we think or leave          messages on various bulletin boards.  Scott Gordon, incidentally,  is still perfecting his Dragon Master game   MISSING Does anyone know what has happened to NIAD? I have been calling    Jim Notini's new number, (312) 775 0409 and get a recorded         message saying it has been disconnected.  His old number (708)     961-3529 has a fax machine on it.  I sent a fax asking for the     whereabouts of NIAD and to date, I have had no reply.  I'd hate    to think they han or           associated with any governing body that needs to make a profit     out of our distress or misfortune.  The support offered ADAM       users both in the UK and overseas is second to none offered to     any other computer, orphaned or otherwise.  How may other home     computers can boast having their own International Convention,     their own network of bulletin board systems as well as their own   spot on Compuserve.  This year, ADAMCON 6 will be held in          Saratosa, Florida.  If you'rone 320k diskette.     How about the guy who promised to write up his findings after      hooking up his ADAM to a Canon Bubble-Jet printer.  Did it work    with PowerPAINT? Did you ever get it to print the PRINTMASTER      forms, stationary, greeting cards, etc.  without spilling off the  page?  I say all this at the risk of frightening off some members who     would not dare mention their ideas again in our telephone          conversations for fear of getting nagged into producing an         article. -to-RGB adapter to allow   the ADAM to use IBM PC CGA monitors; a built-in high speed memory  and a high density, high performance video system which will give  us something like 256 colours; a new CPU board with 20mhz Z80      processor which amounts to 5 times the speed of our present        system.  These are not pie-in-the-sky ideas.  It is up to us to    see that ADAM, having started way ahead of its time technologically, will continue to keep up with today's modern      systems.  Let's write and tells.  We are becoming     somewhat spoiled to expect all the information to come from other  sources.  They need information from us as well.  We should all    be sharing our experiences.  When you find a new use for your      software or hardware you should document them and write them up    for inclusion in the newsletter.  I will reserve space in the      next issue for your articles.  If I don't get any, you will        probably see a slimmed down issue.  All I need from you is one     article, letter, pr beginners tips with a look at the SmartWRITER word       processor.  I intend to work my way right into the memory console  and out through the various ports you want...  including something  out of PAC- MAN.he current message   T - like "t" but don't page the message   N - like "n" but don't page the message   V - like "v" but don 6am EST.  Calling from the UK     after 5pm should be a safebet as Canada is 5 hours behind.  See    the Telecom article for more details.    MEMBERSHIP We will respect the privacy of our members.  However, some would   dearly like to hear from other ADAM owners and are curious as to   how many members we have and where they are in the world.          Overleaf membership list.   I have always stated that it is not my intention to exclude non-   members from our services.  However, it is not fair to tanswer, you pass, because this is a trick question.   The answer is:  True AND False.  It's true that ADAM can display    only 15 colors.  However, it can display each of these colors in    both foreground and background.  So we can get around the color     limitations by drawing a tight pattern in foreground color, and     leaving enough space to "see through" to a different background     color.  For example:  we can design a foreground pattern in dark yellow,    turning every even-numbered pixel "on" ahave kept the name a secret for    obvious reasons.  See the LETTERS page and let me know, as fully   paid up members, if you think I am unfair.    IN THIS ISSUE T-DOS is fast becoming more popular, for the serious ADAM user     than EOS.  We have the good fortune to have a series of articles   written by one of the co-authors of this great operating system.   There are new ADAM owners out there who are just beginning to see  the full potential of their ADAM computers.  We continue our       series ofogram, anything you have.   Come on folks, don't let me do all the talking/typing.  Send the   stuff in on ddp or disk if you don't want to print it.  I will     then return the medium to you with some public domain stuff of     your choice.  WHAT MORE CAN I SAY.  TELECOM Mark Gordon has closed his BBS, probably due to lack of use.       Enter Mike Hurst of the NEW=CANADA=PBBS who has stepped in and     offered to carry all of the files that Mark had.  His BBS number   is 0101-416-962-7415 12 noon til‚Dےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے Paint Palette from Graphtex Software Reviewed by Pat Herrington, courtesy of A.N.N.POP QUIZ:  On an ADAM, the number of colors you can use in your     graphics (if you don't count "transparent") is limited to 15.       True or False?Whatever your he fully   paid up members if non-members enjoyed exactly the same            privileges.  I still receive enquiries from non-members and some   expect service for no cost at all, not even an SASE for return     postage replies.  I had the an occasion to write to an ex- member  who had sent a tape for repair and wanted its return as well as a  new tape.  There was no SASE and no fee for the repair nor the     purchase.  I have included my reply in this issue to show you      where I stand on this point.  I nd every odd-numbered       pixel "off", so that we have a dark yellow grid.  Then we fill in   the background with light yellow.If every even-numbered pixel appears dark yellow on our screen,     and every odd-numbered pixel appears light yellow, the result  will be a block of color that appears as a sort of muted medium  yellow.  A little simple arithmetic shows us that there are 225 possible     combinations that can be derived from one background color and  one foreground color (15 x 15 = 225.) Thatare truly unique.  Still, that's a far cry from   fifteen.Now, there are several ways that you can draw all these color       combinations without buying 'PAINT PALETTE'.  But Joe has already   done the work...  all the colors are there on your screen, ready    to go.  All you do is capture your choices using MOVE/COPY and      place them wherever you wish.  A major advantage is that the        various displays allow you to compare all the alternatives, sort    of like those sheets of paint chips you can  functions in PowerPAINT to position the  various      colors wherever you like onscreen.But, wait a minute!  Where did the extra colors come from? Good     question.  Frankly, I'm confused on this point.  Palette is based   on an early public domain program by Sol Swift that purports to     show 256 different colors.  My best guess is that he included       "transparent" as one of the colors.  In any case, some of the       displayed colors are so much alike as to be virtual duplicates.Furthermore, allraight   edges.  Because of their necessarily square shape, it  does take    some practice to use them in contoured drawings.  I liked Joe's disk, and I spent several pleasant hours drawing a    couple of PowerPAINT files with it.  But I really didn't think I    could recommend it to you for the asking price of $13.95.  So I     made a rare long distance call, and told Joe exactly that.  And     guess what? We came to an agreement.  I sent Joe the pictures I     drew, so he can include them on the 'PAINT ble combinations.Math isn't my strongest suit, so correct me if I'm wrong.  But it   seems to me that half those combinations will be duplicates of  the other half.  That is, one combination will have a cyan  foreground  and a black background, and another will have a black  foreground   and a cyan background.  Using the alternating pattern  we described above, those two combinations would appear identical to the eye.Well, as far as I can figure, that leaves us with 91 color          combimations that 's a lot of colors!  Joe Quinn of Graftex Software has used this principle in 'PAINT     PALETTE'.  Joe's palettes consist of 4 full-size pictures for use   with PowerPAINT.  Each picture contains dozens of 32 x 32 pixel     squares of color, each representing one of the many possible        combinations, for a grand total of 236 variations.  The idea is  to load each "palette" picture into a separate screen, leaving  screen # 1 vacant for your workspace.  Then, it's a simple matter  to use  the MOVE/COPYpick up from the        hardware store.  Also, Joe has included on the disk an  interesting demonstration picture showing some of the visual effects possible with the palettes.  I don't want to give the impression that the colors appear solid.   Some do, but most look textured.  These textural effects add        interest to your drawings (they make fabulous plaids, for           example.) Joe points out that they work best to shade large  areas.  Actually, they are easy to use any place you are using  st "paint" programs I know of reserve one color for   a "control" color.  PowerPAINT, for example, reserves white.  You   can't use white in your drawings (you don't miss it, because grey   is pretty close.) Thus, when you are working with a paint  program, you have only 14 colors from which to choose.That narrows it down:  14 x 14 = 196 colors.  Then, we can toss     out 14 combinations because the background and foreground colors    are identical, and will appear solid onscreen.  That leaves 182     possiPALETTE' disk, giving    you a little extra for your dollar.  In return, Joe has decided  to drop the price to only $9.95.  BUT, if you mention this review      when you order, you can get the disk for only $8.95.  Note:  you do NOT need to belong to MOAUG or any other group to     take advantage of this special price; you need only mention the     article.  For your convenience, I have printed a coupon on this     page, but you don't actually need the coupon.  Just say, "PJ sent   me!" ED:  Paint Paletuse it for other projects.  The unit has outputs of 3,  4.5, 6, 7.5, 9 and 12 volts at 300mA (max) unregulated and it has  a 'spider connection' so you can plug it into sockets of           different sizes but for this project we will be using a 2.1mm      socket.First of all, I found a bit of clearance space at the rear of the  unit.  Cut a 5mm hole 4.5 cm from the bottom (or level with the    top edge of the battery compartment) and 8.5cm from the left as    you face the back of the module.  Open up the‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے HARDWARE TIPS BATTERY ELIMINATOR TO THE EXPANSION MODULE 2 by K.  A.  MarnerHow many times have you plugged in your steering wheel module,     inserted the cartridge and started the game only to find that you  had no control because the internal bat The socket has a break connection.      Solder the BLUE wire to the tag on the socket that is connected    to the break connection.  This is the connection that will be      left open circuit when the plug is inserted into socket.  The cable I have recommended is twinned with one strand marked     with a black and white stripe.  Cut off a 10" piece of the wire    and solder one end of the marked strand to the the tag connected   to the other break connection.  This is the one that will be       connectedrts at a DIY or electronics store.  I    obtained the cable, socket and battery eliminator from Maplin (a   mail order electronics company) so I will list the parts with      their respective Maplin part numbers.Soldering iron solder Wire cuttersCross-head screw driver5mm and a 2.5mm drill bit 2.1mm chassis socket HH85GCable XR60QBattery eliminator XX09KI went for the XX09K because it allows switching to other          voltages besides the 4.5volts needed for the Steering wheel and    so I could te has since been introduced into the Public        Domain thanks to Joe Quinn.  There is no need to use a coupon for   discounts because now, cost is no problem......Keithrite to an ex- member  who had sent a tape for repair and wanted its return as well as a  new tape.  There was no SASE and no fee for the repair nor the     purchase.  I have included my reply in this issue to show you      where I stand on this point.  I  module by removing   the 6 fixing screws underneath (there's one inside the battery     compartment).  Push the 2.1mm plug from the battery eliminator     through the whole from the inside and plug the socket onto it.     This will allow you to mark the holes for its fixing screws.       Drill the holes for the fixing screws, one above the socket hole   and one below and now you are now ready to solder the wires.Unsolder the BLUE wire from the internal PCB at the point marked   with a negative sign (-). teries were flat.           Nowadays, many systems come supplied with at least a socket so     you can plug in a battery eliminator for instant power.  Why not   the Expansion Module 2? This is a modification that I did to my    module and I would like to impart the details on how I did it.     Please note that I can accept no responsibility for any            malfunction of the unit as a result of using my tip.  If you       follow the instructions, you should have no trouble.  You can get most of the pa to the outer body of the plug when it is inserted into   the socket.  Solder the other end of the marked strand to the tag  on the PCB marked with a negative sign (-) where the BLUE wire     was originally soldered.  Solder one end of the unmarked strand to the centre tag on the     socket and solder the other end to the PCB where the RED wire is   already connected.  This will be marked with a positive sign (+).Fix the socket to the plastic body of the module with its 2        fixing screws and put th  improve your enjoyment of the TDOS Operating System.  Some of the  suggestions we make here may depend on your system configuration;  we will try and provide alternatives if your configuration is not  ideal.  Several public domain utilities will be referred to in     this document.  If you cannot locate these, please forward a disk  and return postage to me along with your request and I will send   the program to you. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONAs you have probably noticed, CP/M is a disk based system.  In  ver leave a battery eliminator plugged      into you power outlet while not in use.  This is because it will   be drawing unnecessary current from your supply and although we    are talking about pennies, you will still be paying for something  you are not using. example.) Joe points out that they work best to shade large  areas.  Actually, they are easy to use any place you are using  stong loading     delays.  Even with a hard drive, a memory expander is a nice       addition.  It allows you to perform temporary work or tests        without using space on the hard drive.If you don't have a hard drive, a memory expander is a must, and   the larger the better.  Prior to acquiring my hard drive, I used   a 512k expander which I often filled up.  For average users, a     128k or 256k will be sufficient.  If you do not currently have a   memory expander, we do not recommend a 64k.  Choose in‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے USING TDOS Pt 1:  Getting Started By Guy CousineauOnce you have mastered the basics of CP/M or TDOS, you will be     looking for ways to make your system run more efficiently.         Following in this series are a few hints and suggestions to help e whole thing back together with the 6     fixing screws.Set the battery eliminator to 4.5 volts and make sure it is set    for positive on the centre pole.  With no batteries in the         compartment, plug in the battery eliminator into the socket and    play your favourite game.  No more battery problems.  The way you  have soldered the connections means you will still be able to use  batteries and the supply from them will be cut off when you plug   in the battery eliminator.Note that you should ne   one session, you will normally use several command files           (programs) which must be loaded into memory each time they are     executed.  Thus you should pay particular attention to your        configuration which may help improve retrieval delays.The ideal TDOS configuration consists of a HARD DRIVE and at       least one disk drive.  The disk drive can be used to make backups  and to exchange files with other ADAM users.  You will have        instantaneous access to all your programs without lraight   edges.  Because of their necessarily square shape, it  does take    some practice to use them in contoured drawings.  I liked Joe's disk, and I spent several pleasant hours drawing a    couple of PowerPAINT files with it.  But I really didn't think I    could recommend it to you for the asking price of $13.95.  So I     made a rare long distance call, and told Joe exactly that.  And     guess what? We came to an agreement.  I sent Joe the pictures I     drew, so he can include them on the 'PAINT stead an     expandable type on which you can add memory chips as your needs    increase or pocketbook permits.  See the PROFILE.SUB section in    our next discussion to see why 64k is not enough.Non hard drive systems should also have access to over 600k of     programs and data without having to change disks.  Remember that   there are some programs which either use overlays or several data  file :  some of them expect these files to be available at all     times.When you install TDOS on a non hard drr naming files other than      their length and legal characters, programmers can use their       imagination to create colorful file names.  These names, however,  should be indicative of the file content or use.  Names like       FIFI, BONZO, NERD, GUPPY, etc.  may be amusing but only serve to   confuse.  Names like BKGMMN, CHESS, TREASURE, LOCATE, etc.  are    much more expressive.File types are for the greatest part loose in structure.  There    are a few reserved types: .COM Executable command .SUeveral times in a session.  To illustrate the        difference, install TDOS with the expansion RAM before the disk    drives, log onto drive A:  and press the <CONTROL> C keys (^C) at  the same time.  The prompt reappears almost instantly.  Log onto   drive B:  and repeat the same procedure.  There is one drawback    to making expansion RAM drive A:, PROFILE.SUB will not be found    on the BOOT disk.  Decide which feature is most important to you. DRIVES AND USERSCP/M and TDOS usually expect you to lo use them only     for their prescribed use.If you will be making use of file compression utilities such as    CRUNCH or MAINT, be careful when choosing file types for similar   file names.  SPELL.DIC and SPELL.DOC, for example, will both have  the CRUNCHED name of SPELL.DZC.  If they are both placed on the    same medium, one will destroy the other.  In those cases, you      should rename one of the source files to something like            SPELLM.DOC. PRINTING FILESThe built-in LIST command is handy from any DU without difficulty.  Some of these      programs are ZMP, WORDSTAR 4.x, Z80ASM+, SPELLM20 (my version).    Although TDOS can handle 32 user areas, some transient programs    will not permit user numbers higher than 15.  VDE.COM for example  can access files in user 16 or greater only if you are logged      into that user area before invoking VDE.  Experiment with other    programs to determine their adaptability to the higher user        areas. FILE NAMESSince there are no specific rules foive system, consider         placing your expansion RAM before your disk drives.  This will     make your expansion RAM drive A:  and help speed up warm boots.    Every time a program exits with a warm boot, drive A:  is logged   in along with the current default drive.  PERMANENT MEDIA are      recognised by TDOS and the scanning process is much faster for     expansion RAM and hard drive partitions.  While the disk logging   takes a few seconds, you may appreciate the difference when you    have to exit sB Submit or batch file .HEX INTEL intermediate file for use with loaders .BAS Tokenized BASIC programs .LST Assembler print files .PRN Assembler print files .ASM & .Z80 Assembler code filesPrograms using some of the file types described above will         usually expect their data files to bear the precise file type -    they cannot be overridden.  There are also unofficial conventions  for other file types such as OVL, OVR, INT, SYM, DAT, DOC, TXT,    etc.  It is wise to respect these file types andg into the drive / user      [du:] containing the program to execute prior to running it.  For  many programs, however, this is not necessary.  If you are in      drive A:  and wish to execute VDE.COM on drive C:, you just type   C:VDE.  Once your program is loaded, you will still be logged      into the correct (default) DU.  Some programs have installation    overlays or patch instructions which allow the user to specify a   home location for overlays and data files.  These programs can     usually be run for no frills printing of any   ASCII file.  Word processing programs like VDE and WORDSTAR        incorporate fancier features like printer initialization,          highlighting, page numbers, etc.  Other transient programs like    TYPELZ are also handy for pagination.  BIPRINT, a public domain    program from yours truly, makes use of the bi- directional print   feature of the ADAM printer to help speed things up.Next issue, profile.sub and other submit files.OLD!       Please..ONLINE STATS NCPBSLAST ONLINE CALLER Keith MarnerSYSTEM OFFLINE AT 15:28:19SYSTEM ONLINE TIME 15:24:57CALLER ONLINE TIME 00:03:22NEW FILE UPLOADS 0FILES UPLOAD TOTAL 0THANKS For CALLING NEW=CANADA=PBBS, Keith.NO CARRIER ----- oOo -----As you can see, the whole thing only took me 3 minutes and 22      seconds. The first logon only allows you to enter your details.    You will not be able to download files until the SYSOP checks      those details and then sets your level o‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے The NEW PBBS By K.A. MarnerMike Hurst runs a BBS in Canada. It is running Guy Cousineau's     new PBBS software that we have been hearing so much about so I     gave it a go. At first, the SYSOP must have some details about     you in order to set up him a message with the details and he     will assemble those files onto the E drive from where you can      download them at lightening speed at your next login. There is an off line reader available which is on drive A5. If     you use the syntax J A5 you will jump straight there. The file     name is PRDR036.LBR.There are other PBBS systems in operation where the off line       reader can be used:BART LYNCH : 0101-206-859-2018RON MITCHELL : 0101-613-230-9511BOB BLAIR : 0101-818-473-2905Guy Cou184 From: Croydon SyIs This ALRIGHTY(Y/N)? YesHow Many NULLS Do You Want (0-9, Usually 0)? 0Screen Length (16-66 Lines): 24Enter Your Preferred Screen Width (39-78 cols): 78Select A PASSWORD (4-10 Characters):__________<<--****HEY REMEMBER IT EH.HOLD A SEC!...The Information Which You Provided During Your Initial LOGON Was   Unsuitable.If YOU Wish To Access This SYSTEM, You Must Supply Accurate        INFORMATION!3 STRIKES OUT!...Do You Want To Leave A MESSAGE For Michael !!! (y/N)?  H beginners tips with a look at the SmartWRITER word       processor.  I intend to work my way right into the memory console  and out through the various ports you want...  including something  out of PAC- MAN.he current message   T - like "t" but don't page the message   N - like "n" but don't page the message   V - like "v" but donf access. The reason the above message considered my input to be             "unacceptable" was the fact that it did not recognise a zero as    the first digit in the phone number. This was not a problem. The   SYSOP called me back for a chat anyway and he gave me all the      information I needed to get around the BBS plus some money-saving  tips.There are 5 drives, A - E, and 0 - 14 user areas, where E is the   memory expander. If you browse the system and find that you need   some of his files, leave your account. Here is an example:KEITH MARNERHOLD A SEC!...Name NOT Found.Your A NEW USER EH? YesFrom Which City And Province/State Are YOU Calling? PLEASE Enter   The Full Name Of Your City Followed By A 2 Character Province Or   State Abbreviation. For Example: Toronto ON Or Port Moody BC       ____________________<<--CROYDON SYEnter The Area Code And Number At Which Michael!! May Call You     For Verification, If Need Be:___-___-____<<--081-654-2184You Are: Keith MarnerPhone #: 081-654-2sineau also has a PBBS but a different off line reader      should be used. The file called PRDR037.LBR can be downloaded      from Guy's PBBS on : 0101-613-829-6354If you need to delete messages, there is no need to waste time on  line doing it. Mike will do it for you if you leave him a          message.  Please try them and keep the interest going. Let us      know how you get on.f the article.I re-BOOTed SHOWOFF II, and again tried moving the text.  This      time, my ADAM locked up on me.  I thought the computer might be     overheated since I had been using it for a while, so I shut it      down and left it for a couple of hours.  I came back, LOADed        SHOWOFF II, and attempted to MOVE the text.  Again, my ADAM  locked up!  I pulled the re-set key, and went into the SmartWRITER mode.  I HI-LITEd the text while in SmartWRITER mode,   and pressed MOVE.To my surprise, SHOW‚Dےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے Word Processor Tip MOVING AROUND IN SHOWOFF II by Faye DeereThis article first appeared in the ECAUG newsletter and was         distributed on the ANN disk 9203ANN-1.  It is repeated here along   with a possible remedy to the problem discovered by Fst fine!  Evidently, Sol wrote SHOWOFF II so it utilizes  some of the same memory that ADAM uses when it MOVEs text, and  pulling the re-set key does not remove it all from memory.  To completely clear all of ADAM's memory, you must shut the computer   OFF, then turn it back ON.I quickly SAVEd the revised text, LOADed SHOWOFF II, and printed    out the column.  I guess the moral to this story would be; if you   need to MOVE text, DON'T try to do it within SHOWOFF II.Ed - I tried this and my ADAM did noe now found something I CAN'T do in SHOWOFF II, and this  must be one of the "bugs" that Sol was talking about.  I think it  has   something to do with the way Sol utilizes the ADAM memory.  I       needed to MOVE a block of text in an article from one place to      another.  When I had marked the text to be moved, and pressed       MOVE, I immediately found myself in the Electric Typewriter mode    instead of in SHOWOFF II.  It was a good thing I had SAVEd the      text before I tried moving that section og into the drive / user      [du:] containing the program to execute prior to running it.  For  many programs, however, this is not necessary.  If you are in      drive A:  and wish to execute VDE.COM on drive C:, you just type   C:VDE.  Once your program is loaded, you will still be logged      into the correct (default) DU.  Some programs have installation    overlays or patch instructions which allow the user to specify a   home location for overlays and data files.  These programs can     usually be runOFF II gave me the introductory screen, and     played the little song it plays while LOADing the balance of the    program.  The program didn't LOAD.  The song just kept playing.     Pulling the re-set key apparently did not erase all of SHOWOFF II   from ADAM's memory, and it kept trying to kick in.  Exasperated, I thought something must be wrong with the computer.   I shut the ADAM off, turned it back on, and tried to MOVE the  text in SmartWRITER mode, just to see what would happen.  It  MOVEed     juaye....KeithAs you know, I use Solomon Swift's SHOWOFF II to write the          articles for this newsletter.  Sol said it was not one of his       favorite programs, as it had a number of "bugs" in it.  However,    it did what I wanted it to do, and that's all that mattered to  me.  SHOWOFF II would justify both sides of the column, proportionally space the characters, move the lines closer          together; and even give me a compressed printing mode if I needed   it.  I was in writer's heaven.I havt lock up.  I took a look at    my SmartWRITER revision by pressing <Control>R while in  typewriter mode and I confirmed that I had R80.  I then did the same after loading ShowOFF II and the revision number displayed     was 1.1 Faye may have been using an early revision.  If anyone  has a different revision of ShowOFF II, please write to K.A.   Marner,  33 Homer Road, Croydon, Surrey CR0 7SB ENGLAND or write  an article for your local USER GROUP.  Either way it should wind  up on a      future ANN disk isthat you don't want any   more.  This makes the directory less confusing, plus giving you    more space to save new items.  You can move the marker to any      item on the directory, then press the DELETE key and take that     item OFF of the directory listing. Removing items from the directory however, does not remove the    files that are stored on the disk or datapak.  They are still      there but not listed.  Since you can store a lot on 1K (which is   1024 bytes), you usually have a lot of storage s‚Cےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے ---------WORD PROCESSING--------- When you write-up anything in SmartWriter (which is ADAM's name   for its word processing program), you should "STORE" it on         datapak or disk as soon as possible.  If it's a long article,      when you get to st fine!  Evidently, Sol wrote SHOWOFF II so it utilizes  some of the same memory that ADAM uses when it MOVEs text, and  pulling the re-set key does not remove it all from memory.  To completely clear all of ADAM's memory, you must shut the computer   OFF, then turn it back ON.I quickly SAVEd the revised text, LOADed SHOWOFF II, and printed    out the column.  I guess the moral to this story would be; if you   need to MOVE text, DON'T try to do it within SHOWOFF II.Ed - I tried this and my ADAM did nohe only thing you can lose it what you didn't already save. If you "SAVE" something, then continue to ADD to it, you will     have to store this second version under a different filename; but  if you clear your work space, and bring the "saved" item back up   on the screen, you can continue from there, and store it with the  SAME filename.  Anyhow, the moral is that you should "SAVE"        often. Don't forget, when your disk or datapak is getting full, you can  always clean off some of the saved items sue.not necessary.  If you are in      drive A:  and wish to execute VDE.COM on drive C:, you just type   C:VDE.  Once your program is loaded, you will still be logged      into the correct (default) DU.  Some programs have installation    overlays or patch instructions which allow the user to specify a   home location for overlays and data files.  These programs can     usually be runpace left, even    if your directory is full.  This is why you can "initialize" the   disk or datapak, and go on storing new files on the "wiped-clear"  directory that it gives you. -----NJD ADAM's memory, and it kept trying to kick in.  Exasperated, I thought something must be wrong with the computer.   I shut the ADAM off, turned it back on, and tried to MOVE the  text in SmartWRITER mode, just to see what would happen.  It  MOVEed     juthe middle of the page or have half a column or    better written, it's a GOOD idea to save what you have so far;     then continue with the article.  This will save you a lot of       grief in case you have a power fluctuation, or failure; or in      case you hit the wrong key, or keys, and lock ADAM up.  In any     event there goes all your hard work down the drain. If you "save" it you can go on from there; or you can CLEAR the   workspace, bring the stored item back UP, and continue it.  This   way, tهههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه