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dMIDIPART5AY\NameChangrAfCWTrapshootAh‡WPresSy2/92HkههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههڑNormansRRHn×Showoff.IIHpvThings2/92HtSBASIC2/92HwaNameChangSH{تWdPro22_SWH~¸tdosHISTH پtriviaH   ˆ€wishlistH ٹ€LOGO8A    Œ€LOGO9A    ڈA-NET_ECHOA“READMETWOAڑêBLOCKS LEFT xOer, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter, under his column header "That's  Rich!"  (Alternate title: MUSINGS by RICHARD LEFKO.)  This file is 79 columns  wide, and covers a The following article by MOAUG columnist Richard Lefko first appeared in the   November, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter, under his column header "That's  Rich!"  (Alternate title: MUSINGS by RICHARD LEFKO.)  This file is 79 columns  wide, and covers the advent of computers and this infusion of "mass-information"?     As I write this article my child is due in four weeks. As I look at all   this equipment around me I realize that he/she will be using this to learn     those things that I now take for granted.  The ADAM really was a GREAT         beginning computer system and I always found that I was ahead when I began to  work on other systems, simply because of my ADAM.     I know when my child goes out to face that world, he/she too will be         family close by.  My wife Nancy and I are just beginning to make new friends   here.  Even so, many people were willing to donate their time and experience   to help these "outsiders" from NY/CA.  New neighbors in the area came over     with various pieces of power equipment to help cut trim and moldings, folks    that I work with would overhear some of the dilemmas I would be faced with,    only to come forward and offer their expertise, opinions and/or their precious "free" time.  Even the developer fr entries for WTAWRN come from PJ Herrington of MOAUG fame!!     A.N.N. plans to collect these "needs" and make sure they get to the right people.... the people who can DO something about them!!  (More on this next    month!!)     If you'd like to get your 2 cents in, send your "needs" to: Rick Lefko 20 Ashley Drive Milford, NH 03055     Please don't pass up the opportunity to tell programmers and others what  the ADAM needs!!  What YOU need!!     Leave me a message on Compuserve, ID #70017,3535, or TI couldn't afford that newsletter right now, but I know that those ADAM people, reading this right now, would have become those "good       neighbors".  I guess that's why I've stayed with the ADAM so long...I guess    that's why I'm gonna stay in New Hampshire for a while.     I'm sure that most couples ponder whether or not it's "right" to bring a  child into "this" world.  So much violence, so many injustices.  I wonder      though, has it ever really changed, or are we more aware of those things since a bit more than a page at standard vertical setting.============================================================================     Boy, have I been out of touch!!     Over this past summer I've spent most all of my time working on the       nursery for my first child.  It didn't really seem to me at first that it was  gonna take as long as it did.  Then it all culminated into 4 12-16 hour days   putting on the final touches.     As most regular readers know, I'm new to New Hampshire. I've got no    ahead, and it will be not only due to the ADAM, but to those "neighbors"       because they really never changed after all, did they?============================================================What the ADAM world really needs is:1) A graphics program that can flip graphics ninety degrees, instead of just   180 degrees.2) An EOS program like BACKUP+3.0 that can tell you if you have bad blocks on  a disk WITHOUT initializing it, but which can read multiple directories and    320k disks. This month'som this new neighborhood pitched in and     offered to let me buy my materials through him so I could save a few bucks.     What is so remarkable about all this is....I never really had to ask!     People were willing to help, simply because they could.       Now I could have written this article with ADAM in mind, and if I had I   would only need to change the details from the story above. Perhaps it might   have been a program I couldn't understand, or some PD stuff I needed to        obtain.  Or maybe HE CONNECTION BBS.  Call me direct if you can only explain your need verbally at 603-672-8058 and  leave a msg. JUST DO IT!!!!!!!!!!!=========================================================What the ADAM world really needs is:1) A graphics program that can flip graphics ninety degrees, instead of just   180 degrees.2) An EOS program like BACKUP+3.0 that can tell you if you have bad blocks on  a disk WITHOUT initializing it, but which can read multiple directories and    320k disks. This month'story;      * Build a Multi-Cart backup directory.      The utilities are attractively packaged into            self-loading, easy to use format. You simply insert the tape or disk, pull reset, wait for it to load, and then choose    from the menus provided.     In addition to listing the program choices, the menu    also allows you to easily switch between using the ADAM or a dot matrix printer for printouts. Most of the programs also  give you this option -- but not all.     If I could have only two utpJackage.  It first appeared in the    December, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter, under John's   column head (Random Access: THE HARRIS FILE). It lengthy but well worth tThe following article by John Harris is a review of Gary     Hoosier's MEDIA HELPER package.  It first appeared in the    December, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter, under John's   column head (Random Access: THE HARRIS FILE). It's lengthy   but well  screen   will display basic info about the program you have chosen    and let you confirm your choice or return to the menu.     You can select from the following:     COPY A DISK/TAPE. This is a copy program that will copy 160K floppies and datapacks to 160K floppies or to datapacks in 26K chunks. You can even successfully copy between        center- and right-directory (game tape) datapacks.     An advantage to this copy program is its ability to     make multiple copies without rereading the source and to view or print an EOS (such as            SmartWRITER or SmartBASIC) directory. Even here Media Helper offers enhancements to these functions.     But beyond that, Media Helper provides seven additional functions not shared by File Manager:      * Alphabetize an EOS directory or put it back in        sequential order;     * Create a variable reference list;     * Overwrite a disk or tape;     * Compare two media;      * Search media for text or data;     * View or print a cartridge backup direc entries for WTAWRN come from PJ Herrington of MOAUG fame!!     A.N.N. plans to collect these "needs" and make sure they get to the right people.... the people who can DO something about them!!  (More on this next    month!!)     If you'd like to get your 2 cents in, send your "needs" to: Rick Lefko 20 Ashley Drive Milford, NH 03055     Please don't pass up the opportunity to tell programmers and others what  the ADAM needs!!  What YOU need!!     Leave me a message on Compuserve, ID #70017,3535, or Tility packages for ADAM, my  first choice would be File Manager 2.0 and my second would   be Media Helper. With the two, you have just about very      utility you need to handle your data.     There's a two-page README file on the medium and you're also provided with a printed copy -- a welcome touch, saving you time and printer wear.      After booting comes the title screen and then the menu  from which you select the action you wish to perform by      moving the cursor and pressing the RETURN key.  Theworth the space.  Amend or delete this note.--PJH =============================================================MEDIA HELPER ...          A Review by John Harris, Metro Orlando ADAM Users       Group.     Media Helper utility software package by Gary Hoosier   picks up where another excellent utility package, File       Manager 2.0, leaves off.     It's a very useful, streamlined and user-friendly       collection of utilities.     Like File Manager, it provides you a program to copy a  disk or tape material.     SORT AN EOS DIRECTORY. This program will put the        directory entries of an EOS directory (up to 3 blocks long)  into alphabetical order, or put a previously alphabetized    directory back into sequential order (by starting block      number).     With your directory in alphabetical order, programs can be more easily located on your disk or datapack.     CREATE A VARIABLE REFERENCE LIST. This program will go  through a SmartBASIC program and produce a SmartWRITER text  file listing alum.  The entry name, start     block, and length will be shown.      BUILD A MULTI-CART BACKUP DIRECTORY. This program will  build a directory for a Multi-Cart Backup medium.     You enter cartridge names, then sizes, one at a time,   and your directory will be created.                  At the end of his documentation, Gary Hoosier listed    his address "in case you have any questions, suggestions, or problems (hopefully not!)."     Well, I ran into a problem in my first encounter. But   Gary quickly and for (in order): permanent protect, write protect, read protect, user file, deleted file, execute      protect, and not a file (blocks left record).                OVERWRITE A DISK/TAPE. This program will overwrite the  contents of a disk or datapack, completely erasing what may  have been written on it previously. Use it to 'clean' a      medium.     It's also useful in checking for bad blocks in a        datapack -- especially "home-made" ones you've formatted     from audio tapes -- to make sure eay's invitation to consult him with my  problem. I mailed him the disk that wouldn't load, along     with a letter of explanation and a return mailer.     Gary responded quickly -- and my problem was solved. He fixed my disk backup and explained why I'd been unsuccessful in backing up the tape to disk.     "There's no difference in the programs," he wrote.      "Only in how they are arranged on the media. To aid in       loading the files as quickly as possible from tape, the      files are bunched togethem will       search a medium for a specified text string or sequence of   numbers.     All that is necessary is to enter a key word or code    sequence to be sought.     Numbers to search for may be entered in decimal or hex  form.     This function is useful to determine location of a file when it can't be accessed from a directory due to wear.             VIEW/LIST CARTRIDGE BACKUP DIRECTORY. This will display a list of cartridges on either a 'Multi-Cart Backup' or      'Coleco Cartridge Copier' medil the variables (in alphabetical order) and   the line numbers they're used in. It's a great help for the  programmer in keeping track of variables scattered all       through a program.     VIEW/LIST AN EOS DIRECTORY.  This program will display  on screen or print detailed information from an EOS          directory up to 8 blocks long.     If viewed on the screen, only the decimal value of the  attribute byte is displayed, but if it is printed, the       status of each bit is displayed.     The bits stsolved it.     I make it a practice to have both a disk and tape       backup of programs that I use frequently. That way if either a tape or a disk drive is out, I can still get my work done.     So I purchased a tape version of Media Helper and then  made a disk backup using File Manager 2.0's "media backup"   function. It didn't work.     When I booted my disk backup, I'd get a title screen,   but the program wouldn't load. I made a second copy and      tried it. No luck either.     So I accepted Garch block can be written   to successfully.            COMPARE TWO MEDIA. This program will compare the        contents of two media and alert you to any differences       found.  If the report is printed, the values of the two      bytes found to differ will be printed after the location.     You can select sets of blocks to be compared on each    media. This is helpful when you want programs that are       located at different places on each medium.          SEARCH MEDIA FOR TEXT OR DATA.  This prograr around the middle of the tape and are stored in blocks past block number 159 (the last block   on a 160K disk).     "You can copy your tape to a disk by using File Manager to:     "1. Copy block 0 to the disk.     "2. Use the "file copy" function to copy all the files  (including BASICPGM) to the disk."     I had also asked Gary why it usually took two or three  tries to boot my taped version before it would finally load.     "My guess is that you may have a dirty drive or a       slightly out-of-spetried to draw the same thing several times... even if    you copied it using tracing paper!^P     There are lots of interesting ways to use these         multiple computer graphics.  One super way is to make up a   graphics puzzle, such as a "Find The Twins" type of puzzle.  The idea is to "stamp" several copies of the exact same      picture, making tiny changes to most of the pictures so that they are very close to, but not EXACTLY like, the original.      If you have PowerPAINT, this kind of puzzle ix	Eomputer  is that it can do the same thing over and over again, in the same way, without making mistakes or getting   tired.  For example, it can produce the same graphic  This is the second in the series by Pat Herrington entitled  "JUST FOR FUN... the series especially for kids, people who  have kids, and people who act like kids."  This segment      explains how to make "Find The Twins" graphic puzzles using  PowerPAINmake your changes small enough that the puzzle   will be challenging, but they must be obvious enough to give the puzzle solver a fair chance to see them.  You also want  to put them in different areas of the picture. If all the    changes were made to the same portion of the picture, they   would be much too easy to find.        You can make the puzzle as simple or as compli- cated   as you like.  There are lots of variations on such puzzles.  Sometimes, the first graphic is flipped around the opposite  he children in your area to help me with this column.  Amend or delete this note.        ---PJH, MOAUG===========================================================JUST FOR FUN       by Pat Herrington^P     One of the very best things about your computer is that it can do the same thing over and over again, in the same    way, without making mistakes or getting tired.  For example, it can produce the same graphic five hundred times in a row, without any of the small differences that would show up if   you c speed adjustment."     I've now cleaned the drive head and I plan to check the speed soon.     But in the meantime, I'm happily using the disk version Gary fixed -- and it works great.     Media Helper is available on disk or datapack for       $l4.95, plus shipping charges, from: ADAM's House, Route 2,  Box 2756, Pearland, TX 7758l.grams," he wrote.      "Only in how they are arranged on the media. To aid in       loading the files as quickly as possible from tape, the      files are bunched togethes          incredibly easy.  All you have to do is choose a Clip file,  and copy it repeatedly across the screen.  Then use Draw     Foreground to make those little changes to most of the       pictures, leaving only one picture that is exactly the same  as the original.  Let people guess which two are identical.      Now, the goal is to make the puzzle interesting, but    not TOO tough.  (If it's too easy, people will be bored with it... but if it's too hard, some people won't even try.)  So you want to T and any compatible clip file.  The article        originally appeared in the December, 1991 MOAUG newsletter,  and was illustrated by printed graphic examples.  If you'd   like to have masters of the graphic printout, write and I'll send them to you; my address is included in the article.     Or, feel free to photocopy from the MOAUG newsletter.        (There's also an idea for the small fry at the end of the    article; though it's seasonal, it is adaptable for use with  other ideas.)  Please encourage tway, and the solver is supposed to find the one that is just like it EXCEPT facing the other direction.  (You can flip a  graphic by using a program such as SwiftPrint; there is also a public domain flip program on SimplePainter.) You can also make the first graphic a "negative" picture with PowerPAINT, by putting it in a different cell and using REVERSE SCREEN   (which is one of the options from the Global Art Color       menu.)  If you do this, it won't look any different on the   screen, but it IS!!! Thee! Anybody who is old enough to grasp a fat green     crayon can color in a copy of the printout, and a three or   four year old is old enough to add some decorations with     markers.  This is a good project for those long days just    before Christmas when it seems as though Santa will NEVER    get here! me a printout of it. (If    you want to see a graphic puzzle I designed, check out Dell  Puzzle Variety Spectacular #11 at the magazine stand.  One   of my puzzles is in that issue, on page 29.)  ====d is the same color as the foreground.      Don't forget to make a record of the solution to your   puzzle, and circle the changes you made.  You might not      remember next month...  and you can feel pretty silly if you can't solve your own puzzle.  The people who solve it will   ask you if they are right, and you have to KNOW!            Leave enough space between pictures so that they are    easy to see.  If you place the Clip one "space" over from    the left of the screen, and then leave two spacelory, by EyeZod Graphics. Amend or delete this note============================================================Mine Eyes Have Seen The GLORY!                                 by Richard Lefko for MOAUG, 12/91     Ever since I first got my ADAM I wished I could print   out the great graphics I'd seen my  SMARTBASIC programs      generate.  We now  have the  ability to do just that, but it seemed that less and less graphics were available to view    and print out.   Fortunately, POWERPAINT (Digital Expres=======================================================FOR THE LITTLE ONES:      All the Clips used in this article are from the Yule    Trim I volume by EyeZod Graphics (this is the Bonus volume   that you can get if you register your copy of Yule Tools.)   On that same volume is a full workspace Christmas tree that  is fun for all ages. People who are old enough to use        Sprites can design a tree like the one on the front page of  the newsletter But even the little ones can have fun with    the tre foreground and background will have switched places.  You will probably be confused if you don't change the background and foreground colors around so you    can SEE it.      I always tell people to use Global Art Color to change  ALL the foreground to black, and all of the background to    some light color (I like light blue best.)  That way you can see what you're doing.  It's very hard to edit a             multicolored picture if you get colors running together when you draw, or part of the backgrounj	EI'd seen my  SMARTBASIC programs      generate.  We now  have the  ability to do just that, but it seemed that less and less graphics were available to view    and print oThe following article by Richard Lefko was first printed in  the December, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter under his   usual column header, "THAT'S RICH!" (this segment subtitled  "Mine Eyes Have Seen The GLORY!")  It is basically a review  of Bold Gs between    all the other Clips, your picture will line up right, even   across two cells.     If you have any questions about this column, feel free   to write me, Pat Herrington, at 1003 Oak Lane, Apopka, FL    32703.  It would also make me VERY happy if, after you       design your OWN puzzle, you sent me a printout of it. (If    you want to see a graphic puzzle I designed, check out Dell  Puzzle Variety Spectacular #11 at the magazine stand.  One   of my puzzles is in that issue, on page 29.)  ====s)   ushered in a new era of graphics design as well as graphics  for our ADAM.  I would not have believed, then, how many     clips,  pix, sprites, and fonts would be available now.     I admit to a passion (almost an obsession)  for         collecting these graphics.  I especially enjoy using them on envelopes, labels and stationery.     The quality of those early clips  was good, but there   weren't many fonts to  choose from.  Then IBM- converted     clips made the scene... which is good, but they lac.50, you'll get a "bonus" disk called "GLORY B" (I love    that name.)  GLORY B has 13 MORE font sets,  full screen     maps of the USA,  FULL PAGE borders, and 19 shield clips.    The shield clips are similar to "coats of arms" clips with   spaces for you to add your own text!!     All in all, an  amazingly full package that you simply  MUST own!     BOLD GLORY is available from your favorite ADAM         retailer, or it can be ordered directly from  EyeZod         Graphics at 1003 Oak Lane, Apopka, FL 3 Graphics package, the disk    has a full 158K of "stuff" on it, a total of 99 files in     all!  Included in this package are nine, count 'em, nine new sprite "fonts", flags, fireworks and eagle sprites,  as well as  full size clips of flags, busts of presidents, political party symbols, and other patriotic theme clips. There's a    full size size banner header,  with a space in which to put  a name.  Viewing the banner (and the clips) on a color       monitor reveals the amount  of detail that goes into eld cut down on a lot of wear and tear on my disk drives!!!                Send YOUR WTAWRNI to:Rick  Lefko 20 Ashley Drive  Milford, NH 03055 (603) 672-8058            CompuServe ID # 70017,3535              ID #TC12 on the ADAM CONNECTION BBSyou to add your own text!!     All in all, an  amazingly full package that you simply  MUST own!     BOLD GLORY is available from your favorite ADAM         retailer, or it can be ordered directly from  EyeZod         Graphics at 1003 Oak Lane, Apopka, FL 3eliminates   that problem. These calendar clips are a terrific idea,  and prompted me to ask the good people at EyeZod to design clips for ALL holidays.  (By the way,  I highly recommend PCU! At  our house,  we always have a monthly  calendar on the        fridge.)     Now,  with all this,  you would think  you were getting much more than your money's worth... and you are... but      that's not all!   EyeZod  has  included a customer response  survey form.  If you  complete it, and send it in with       $7k  the    color and detail that I enjoy.  Still no fonts.     Then EyeZod Graphics came into being!  I'm  not sure    that I can adequately  describe  just how  high the quality  of these clips, sprites, fonts, and full screen  pix really  is.  I feel that these are simply the highest quality        graphics ever drawn for the ADAM on the ADAM!     EyeZod's latest graphic  accessory  package for         PowerPAINT is "BOLD GLORY".  The theme is  decidedly         patriotic.      As is usual for an EyeZod2703 for just $15.00  plus $3.00 shipping and handling.===========================================================       WHAT THE ADAM WORLD REALLY NEEDS IS:===========================================================This month's "WTAWRNI" comes from yours truly... ME! (Why    shouldn't I get in on this?)WE  NEED A COPY BUFFER  PROGRAM  FOR  POWERPAINT.  I would   like to be able to copy  clips  and stuff into my expander   and be  able  to  retrieve them while in the PowerPAINT      program. This wouach    clip. You REALLY must see these clips on a color monitor.    They truly are works of art!!     One of the more novel things about this package is the  presence of 13  "holiday" clips, for use with PERSONAL       CALENDAR UTILITY (by Phoenix 2000.) As most users of PCU are aware,  sometimes,  when a clip  is inserted into the        calendar grid, the date lines will disappear because of the  clip layover.   These clips fit in the PCU grid,  and        already have border lines drawn on them,  which xMo unit along with a serial/parallel interface unit.  Both interfaces worked well     with the Panasonic printer and serial modem, but the 80 column video    unit defied usThis article by Bob Slopsema first appeared in the December, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter.  It is a very practical guide to using the     ADAMLINK 3+ software with the Eve 80 column unit, including a list of   parts readily available from Radio Shcable, and also  into the center connection of the A/B switch using another adapter. The 80 column EVE video cable (which previously went to the monitor) is     plugged through another RF adapter into the other outside connection of the A/B switch.  Label this connection 80 column.    Now that the hardware job is complete, you have to check and see if AdamLINK 3 is configured correctly.  Boot AdamLINK and select options.  Next select terminal, then select terminal type. Finally select both    and then saveunit.  Both interfaces worked well     with the Panasonic printer and serial modem, but the 80 column video    unit defied use with ADAMLINK 3+. I couldn't access the 80 column       screen no matter how I tried or what I changed the option settings to   in the program.      Finally admitting defeat, I asked for a little help from the        ADAMites on CompuServe.  Terry Kayser kindheartedly left a message with the solution to the problem, which hopefully will be of help to anybody else who is a stranded nk 3+ screens for dialing, downloading and anything you need the program      screens for, then simply flip the A/B switch while online to a BBS to   get 80 column text.       I hope that this helps others who have experienced the same       frustrations I have on finding a piece of hardware that does not seem   to work on ADAM in the way it was intended to work.   nfigured correctly.  Boot AdamLINK and select options.  Next select terminal, then select terminal type. Finally select both    and then saveart # 42-2365   @ $1.79     The hookup was a simple matter of plugging in the cables in the    proper sequence.  First separate the twin RCA cable to get two separate cables.  Plug one end of an RCA cable into the monitor RCA connection   of the ADAM computer, then plug the opposite end into either outside    connection on the A/B switch using one of the RF adapters.  Label this  side of the A/B switch 32 column.  Now plug the other RCA cable into    the monitor video connection - replacing the EVE video ack (with prices) and how-to       information.  The article originally appeared with a kind of rebus      header which translates to "Using ADAM + EVE to Access ADAMLINK 3+"Amend or delete this note.     --- PJH MOAUG===========================================================by Bob Slopsema for MOAUG, December 1991===========================================================                             Early this past year, I acquired an EVE 80 column video unit along with a serial/parallel interface  the setting using the main menu option Save/Recall.  Boot 80 column TDOS (or CP/M) to bring the EVE unit online, then immediately boot AdamLINK 3+. You should be able to switch back and forth between   the AdamLINK screen and the TDOS (CP/M) screen with the A> prompt just  with a flip of the switch.    To use the setup, label the front of the A/B switch 32 column and   80 column on the appropriate sides, mount it in a convenient place,     then use the 32 column side of the A/B switch to access the Adamliwith the EVE unit.     The solution to the problem was really quite simple once I realized the direction Terry was pointing me in.  Once again the folks at Radio  Shack came to the rescue - how would the ADAM community survive without their supply of various small parts?    The parts I needed to complete the project were these:1 - A/B switch          part # 15-1249   @ $6.95     (optional)          part # 15-1247   @ $4.95 3 - video RF adapters   part # 278-255   @ $1.29 each1 - twin RCA cable      pههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههp it   as a backup if you desire. So you don't have to worry about  your files getting scrambled or destroyed as I've            experienced when trying to use certain directory sort or     squeeze programs.     DS's primary function is to alphabetize your directory  to enable you to quickly find the file you want. But it will also do much more. With this program you can:     1. Format a disk (or two at once if you have two        drives).     2. Blank out a datapack tape.     3. Initialize a disk or tan	Euy Cousineau.  It first appeared in  the February, 1992 issue of the MOAUG/463 AUG  newsletter    under John's usual column header ("Random Access: THE HARRIS FILE") subtiThe following article by John Harris of MOAUG is a review of EOS Directory Sort, by Guy Cousineau.  It first appeared in  the February, 1992 issue of the MOAUG/463 AUG  newsletter    under John's usual column header ("Random Access: THE HARRIS FILE") suS, I chose to clean up all my       "hold" disks. These are the ones on which SmartWriter files  such as articles, letters, and documents are stored          temporarily. I store articles such as this review on a       "hold" file, but after it's published I no longer need to    keep it, so I can then delete it from my disk. But I didn't. I simply had let them pile up month after month.     I found DS had every feature I needed to clean up the   disks except one: the ability to delete unwanted files. But  everal directory sorting programs available. Most read the directory, alphabetize the entries and then    write  a new alphabetized directory to the medium from which it was read.     But DS is different. The program reads from your        original source medium, but does not alter it. Instead it    builds you a new medium in which not only is the directory   alphabetized, but the files are also entered in alphabetical order at the front of the medium.     Your source medium is left intact and you can keeههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههpe with a directory of from 1 to 8 blocks.     4. Exclude deleted files or exclude both deleted and    backup files when making your new sorted copy.     5. Move all your files to the front of your medium as   does a "squeeze" program.     6. Clear the directory on your target medium or leave   it and add files from the source to it.     I consider DS to be primarily a super streamlined       back-up utility with the directory sorting functions as only one of its many features.     For my test run of Dbtitled "Easy as ABC".  Amend or delete this note.===========================================================EOS DIRECTORY SORTER A review by John Harris, Metro Orlando AUG     EOS Directory Sorter (which I shall refer to simply as  "DS" for Directory Sorter hereafter) is a new program by Guy Cousineau, who with Tony Morehen, brought us everyone's      favorite file handling utility, Filemanager 2.0.     And like Filemanager, DS is professionally done in both appearance and function.      There are sno big problem. I could use Filemanager to do that first.    Then DS would do everything else needed from formatting a    disk to providing me with a cleaned, alphabetized medium     containing only the files I want to keep.     But if I could recommend on additional feature for DS,  it would be the ability to delete files from within the      program.     I found only one minor glitch in Guy's                  easy-to-understand instructions: a statement that "The       source and destination medium can ===================================================            A.N.N. 's LABEL CONTEST!!!     Come one, come all!  Just put on your creativity caps and    send me your labels! Labels for your data packs or disks,    video or audio tapes, mailing labels... whatever.  Just make sure that they were made on your ADAM!  All entries will be  judged on originality, humor, creativity and maybe even      usefulness(?)    Contest deadline is May 1st, 1992.  Mail your entries to:     Lani Brito     ANN Contecellent program that I'll  find very useful.     EOS Directory Sort is not yet available from dealers    but you can order it directly from:     Guy Cousineau, 1059 Hindley Street, Ottawa, Canada K2B  5L9.     The price is a very reasonable: $10 (either U.S. or     Canadian) and that INCLUDES shipping and handling.     Money orders (preferred) or checks (acceptable) should  be made payable to: Guy Cousineau.     And for U.S. purchasers, remember that your order       requires 40 cents postage (for up tor YOU, we are hereby  announcing the NEXT contest early:  A.N.N. "Most Frustrating Moment" Contest       (suggested by Bob  Blair):  Ever felt like just picking up your ol' ADAM and flying it   out the window?   Or have you ever lost your "Great American Novel" all        because of a silly mistake?  Feel like giving your 40 MEG 40 whacks?  Tell me your most frustrating moment with your ADAM.         Contest begins May 1st, 1992.  Entries will be accepted ONLY after this date, and must be receivx	E your    creativity caps and send me your labels! Labels for your data packs or disks,     video or audio tapes, mailing labels...  whatever.  Just make sure that they werNEW A.N.N. Contest: Announcement by A.N.N. Contest Editor    and MOAUG member Lani Brito, published in February 1991      MOAUG/463 AUG newsletter.  If Lani has sent this to you      separately, you can freely delete this announcement--PH 2/91=========be the same." I think what Guy intended to say was: "The source and destination DRIVE   can be the same," since the sentence which follows says: "In those cases, you will be prompted to swap SOURCE and TARGET  as required."  Elsewhere in the instructions he clearly      warns that you need a target medium, saying: "Do NOT attempt to copy files on to the same medium."  This minor error has  been brought to Guy's attention, and he is correcting future copies of the document.     Overall I find DS to be an exst Editor     2307 E. Washington St.     Orlando, FL 32803-6057    To be eligible, entries must be received prior to the May 1. Printout preferred.  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *          BONUS!  BONUS!  BONUS!  Sneak Preview of Next A.N.N. CONTEST!!!!* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Some folks never     seem to have a chance to enter the current A.N.N.            contest..... because their group newsletter publishes        bimonthly or something along those lines .... Well, just fo one ounce) to mail to   Canada.     The program is sent on disk. If you prefer datapack,    then you should mail a good quality blank datapack to Guy    with your order. "Datapacks are getting hard to find up      here," he explained.he instructions he clearly      warns that you need a target medium, saying: "Do NOT attempt to copy files on to the same medium."  This minor error has  been brought to Guy's attention, and he is correcting future copies of the document.     Overall I find DS to be an exed prior to August 1,     1992.  This should give you all the time you need!  (Send    entries to A.N.N. Contest Editor Lani Brito at the address   given above!)  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *          BONUS!  BONUS!  BONUS!  Sneak Preview of Next A.N.N. CONTEST!!!!* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Some folks never     seem to have a chance to enter the current A.N.N.            contest..... because their group newsletter publishes        bimonthly or something along those lines .... Well, just f          --Bruce Walters 1991             * * * * * * * * * *In addition, honorable mention is awarded to John Carroll,   of Philadelphia PA.  Although his entry was ineligible by    the rules, it was humorous.                     * * * * * * * * * *Winners of the "Don't Worry, Be Happy" Contest received      registered copies of CHROMANTICS courtesy of EyeZod          Graphics.cerpts):  Thought of a program in my head.But lost it when I went to bed.Don't Worry, be happy.  Got up this morning rx	Eou say your 40 MEG has crashedYou didn't have no backup stashedDon't worry, be happy!^JYou can always count on an ADAM friendIn order to make a hard drive mendDon't Winners of the "Don't Worry, Be Happy" ANN contest, as       chosen by A.N.N. Contest Editor Lani Brito and published in  Feb 1991 MOAUG/463 AUG newsletter.  If Lani has submitted    this file separately, this file may be deleted.  PJH 2/91============ههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههeady to play.But ADAM wasn't feeling that way.Don't worry, be happy.  My wife is so generous in giving me time.To play with my hobby is no crime.Don't worry, be happy.  We take our vacation to computer conventions.She goes along hoping for some attentions.Don't worry, be happy.  I tell her I love her, she's dear to my heart.But my computer and I will never part.Don't worry, be happy.  This year is going to be alot more.Cause we both will see you at ADAM CON 4Don't worry, be happy.        or YOU, we are hereby  announcing the NEXT contest early:  A.N.N. "Most Frustrating Moment" Contest       (suggested by Bob  Blair):  Ever felt like just picking up your ol' ADAM and flying it   out the window?   Or have you ever lost your "Great American Novel" all        because of a silly mistake?  Feel like giving your 40 MEG 40 whacks?  Tell me your most frustrating moment with your ADAM.         Contest begins May 1st, 1992.  Entries will be accepted ONLY after this date, and must be receivهههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه============================================  "DON'T WORRY, BE HAPPY" Contest Winners:              FIRST PRIZE WINNER:  So you say your 40 MEG has crashedYou didn't have no backup stashedDon't worry, be happy!  You can always count on an ADAM friendIn order to make a hard drive mendDon't worry, be happy!                   --- Alan Neeley 1991      SECOND PRIZE WINNER (Excerpts):  Thought of a program in my head.But lost it when I went to bed.Don't Worry, be happy.  Got up this morning rx	Einter later. em for a long time, but it     wasn't until then that the price came down enough to be      within my reach. Meanwhile, I had been doing a lot of        reseThe following article by Pat Herrington first appeared in    the February, 1992 issue of the MOAUG/463 newsletter under   the title "A Silly Millimeter Longer" (subtitled "Notes on   24 Pin Printers.")  The article discusses the Panasonic      KX-P1124 u want a full page, you can add another     half-cell or so in length at the bottom of the page.  But    the same workspace, printed with a 24-pin printer, is almost exactly the size of the page.  (I even read an article by    Terry Fowler citing this phenomenon to show that PowerPAINT  had obviously been designed for use with a 24 pin printer,   but that happens not to be the case.)  Again, that should work just fine for most people.  I like   it most of the time, myself. But I do a lot of graphics      n a little over a year since I bought my 24-pin      printer.  I had been eyeing them for a long time, but it     wasn't until then that the price came down enough to be      within my reach. Meanwhile, I had been doing a lot of        research on a number of brands of printers.  I collected     magazine reviews and talked to people who owned different    models.  I knew of nobody locally who owned a 24 pin         printer, but I knew that Terry Fowler sold them, so I called to make sure the printer would wour label design does not use a border, and if it does   not contain graphics in every single row of pixels (both top and bottom) you can print the labels one at a time, so long  as you realign the labels manually after printing each one.  But even if your label uses all the rows, there are other    things you can try.    One way to make label printing possible is to make changes   to the software.  Both PowerPAINT and Swift's Label          Printshop contain a "System Configuration Menu", one of the  opt24.  And, sure enough, it does as well on graphics printout. But it doesn't do the SAME!    None of my research prepared me for the fact that the        printout with this printer is a little bit TALLER.  For me,  that turned out to be frustrating. I don't think most people would mind the taller printout. In fact, it has a distinct advantage: it makes it easier to     design a full page in PowerPAINT, for example.  A full       PowerPAINT workspace takes up only about 7/8 of a page in    length, and if yoand the unique aspects of such printers, problems   encountered, partial solutions, new hardware and software    designed to access 24 pins.  Article was accompanied by      printed illustrations to show height difference; let me know if you need photocopy.  Amend or delete this note--PJH 2/92============================================================A SILLY MILLIMETER LONGER  Notes on 24 Pin Printers     by Patricia Herrington===========================================================      It's beedesign for other people, almost all of whom use 9-pin        printers. When I print hard copy for illustration purposes,  I would rather that it was an exact replica of what my       customers will get when they print the graphics themselves.  That's not the biggie, though.  Where the extra height       really become a problem is when it's time to print graphic   labels.  In fact, if you design a label (of any conventional size) with a border, it just flat won't fit on standard      pinfeed labels. If york with my setup. He        assured me that it would, although it would use no more pins in printing graphics than my old 9 pin. But I could use all  the built-in fonts and other features, and get superior 24   pin quality when printing text.       Well, I write a lot of text, and that's what I really  wanted the printer for.  I was perfectly happy with the way  my old 9-pin printed out graphics, and if the 24-pin would   do as well, then I'd have the best of both worlds. So I bought a Panasonic KX-P11ions being to change Graphics Print Codes.  Only ONE of   these codes applies here, and that is Line Space.  The       default code is 27, 51,23.  Only the third byte needs to be  changed, but you will be asked to enter all three bytes. For the first byte, you enter 27; for the second, 51. Now, for   the third byte, enter a number slightly lower than 23. You   can try 22, 21, or 20 and see how that affects your label.   (If you enter 19 or less, you may begin to lose a pixel.)    It is probably best NOT to evelopment stage.  The biggest drawback to the 24 pin is that it does not work  properly with some third-party interfaces.  I'm glad I       didn't know that before I bought mine, or I'd have been      afraid to buy it (and I'm VERY glad I did!)  I plugged it    into my Orphanware interface, and immediately it purred like a kitten.  But later there were reports of people who had    trouble with the E&T interfaces, and now it appears that     there have been problems with some of the others as well.    Thend labels that are just a     fraction of an inch taller. If you do, I hope you will tell  me where you got them, because I have been unable to find    pinfeed labels in anything other than standard sizes. There is another way around the problem, for those who have  access to a copier. You can buy copy machine labels in       various sizes.  Then you can print your labels on regular    paper and run off as many sheets of labels as you like.      Copier labels are readily available from office supply      re, as the prices    plummet. Mine cost me less than I paid for my first 9 pin,   and there is an even less expensive model on the market. As  newer models come out, older ones continue to become more    and more affordable.  They are "old" only in the sense that  they aren't THIS year's model, and who cares?  They are      still packed with features and are very reliable. I am speaking specifically of Panasonic brands. I haven't    seen any others.  But Panasonics have always been a favorite of ADAM user 24 pin printers, and the progress to date   is very encouraging.  Jim Walters, for example, has already  updated several of his programs for use with 24 pins.  In    some cases the upgrade is FREE, merely for the cost of       postage.  Print Works, for example, now includes an option   which allows you to choose which printer you want to use.  I haven't seen this yet, but I'm rather excited about it, and  looking forward to seeing Jim's NEW software, too...         particularly some that is still in the dmake your choices permanent on    the medium, because you will probably continue to use the    defaults most of the time. Changing the line spacing does cause a bit of distortion,    but it's minor, and you will be able to fit the results on   standard pinfeed labels with one of these choices.  However, there is still the problem of the space BETWEEN labels, so   chances are that you will need to align each label manually, rather than leaving the program to do it for you. Another solution would be to fi solution was to get a buffer, which is a good idea       anyway because you can ALWAYS use a print buffer.  But Terry Fowler enlisted the aid of Mark Gordon (of Micro   Innovations) who almost immediately developed a brand-new    interface which, according to all reports, works beautifully and is already for sale through ADAM's House.  (These ADAM   folk don't let grass grow under THEIR feet, do they?) And I'm really glad, because I expect to see a lot of people getting 24 pin printers in the near futu stores or by mail.  Most are white, but you can also find    pastels, and there are even some full- page labels which can be cut to ANY size.  Avery is one manufacturer, and there    are others. Certainly the easiest solution of all is to keep an old 9    pin printer handy just for printing out labels. You can      usually pick one up for next to nothing these days. HOWEVER... all these gyrations may soon prove unnecessary.   Several programmers have been working on software designed   specifically fors because they are well-designed, dependable,    and easy to work with.  They have superior paper-handling    capabilities and a variety of fonts.  Both the KX-P1124 and  the less expensive KX-P1123 have a touch control panel on    the front, which allows you to take advantage of most        functions WITHOUT embedded commands in the software. My      printer even lets me define three macros ...that is, I can   select a font style, a pitch size (width), and a Lines Per   Inch setting, as well as form lengthf!  I'll also be  doing  plenty to  bug the local UG with any new MIDI tips I      happen to run onto.  Our next meeting is to be my chance to show off a new MIDI  FM Sound Generator(the FB01) from YAMAHA that I picked up  second  hand  over the summer.  I want to show how it    gets hooked up  and  how nicely it     works when controlled by the ADAM through my  MIDI- Mite  board.  I'll also        show them the latest software from  Bona- fide Systems,      developer of the       MIDI-MITE,  (and all that tter to get them in the first place than to buy another printer later.  They have superior paper-handling    capabilities and a variety of fonts.  Both the KX-P1124 and  the less expensive KX-P1123 have a touch control panel on    the front, which allows you to take advantage of most        functions WITHOUT embedded commands in the software. My      printer even lets me define three macros ...that is, I can   select a font style, a pitch size (width), and a Lines Per   Inch setting, as well as form length   what  went into getting those songs in such an easily        accessible  format?  If so, stick around and I'll try to     give you the basics.         With all that's been going on lately, I thought it      would  be  a good idea to pass on some of the things I've    learned, tips I've  been given and some     problems I've    run into (as well as the way  I  worked around them.... with the able help of Chris Braymen!)  The  net result of our     efforts (Chris, Ron       Mitchell, Glen Smith,  John     The following article,Midi Lesson,is by Ron Collins. The entire article was downloaded from the AdameXchange BBS. This is part one.                         By Ron Collins      The  upcoming  ADAMCon-04, an "international            convention" for  ADAM owners everywhere, is to be held in my own back yard, so  to  speak.  Cleveland is    only a 34     mile drive up the highway from  my  home in Barberton, OH so you can bet I'll be there July 23 to 26,  1992 with my own   MIDI equipment to show of... then I can enter it  all at once, so whenever I want to use that particular       combination, all I have to do is select that macro.  It's hard to decide which model to buy when you are          considering a dot matrix printer, but consider this: A good  printer is a long-term investment.  It will be with you for  years, and it can be used with other computers, too. If you  really don't want a lot of fancy features, that's fine, too; but if you think you might want them in a year or two, you'd do beit makes    possible.)  As you can tell, I've been     busy since        ADAMCon-03!      When you find a PD library of MIDI song files listed in the  popular     ADAM User's Group newsletters, you can be   sure that these  are all on an ADAM  disk or data pack.  All the work has been done  for you by the compiler of the       volume, so all that's required for  playing is to load the   MIDI software,      select that disk, pick  the  song you    want and enjoy the music!  Still, have   you ever wondered... then I can enter it  all at once, so whenever I want to use that particular       combination, all I have to do is select that macro.  It's hard to decide which model to buy when you are          considering a dot matrix printer, but consider this: A good  printer is a long-term investment.  It will be with you for  years, and it can be used with other computers, too. If you  really don't want a lot of fancy features, that's fine, too; but if you think you might want them in a year or two, you'd do be     Villilo, myself and the many other ADAM MIDI      users) is  to provide  "ready  to play" MIDI music volumes to the ADAM  community.   Most  of the things we've learned and problems  we've encountered  never  show up when you put the disk in   and start to play the music.              Actually,  almost every problem I've encountered could  have  been        avoided if only I'd taken out enough time  to "JUST READ  THE  INSTRUCTIONS!"   I've been told that I'm not the only one who does  this, so I don  older and   much simpler 8-bit computer chip.  The Z80 provides  us  with a 64K memory     that must be used to store an operating  system  and a working program! For       that reason alone, few ever considered  the 8-bit ADAM as a  likely prospect    for MIDI purposes.  An  8-bit  machine    was considered much to primitive to be  of any use at  all   for serious electronic music buffs.  Limited MIDI            capability  was  available to owners of the Commodore 64     computers, another    famous  8best to give you a  little background  on both subjects.  If I'm  lucky, this will give you at      least a rough idea of what all  this  MIDI stuff is about.      When it comes to the use a  MIDI device on the ADAM, it must  be          remembered that we do NOT have the vast    memory storage  avail- able  to the    MS-DOS machines, the  Atari ST's or even the Amiga's.   All of these, along        with the ever useful Macintosh computer,  are  noted for     their ability to use  MIDI interfaces and sofon the ADAM.     This was then        released to the Public Domain and  has  since been enjoyed by hundreds of happy chess players.      Chris is a professional musician/programmer who creates some  beautiful   background music for MS-DOS games.  He is  also an  ADAM  owner who wanted to   have a MIDI interface   built for his home ADAM  computer system.  He wanted to  be  able to do for fun what he also  was doing for a living...   work on computer generated music!  It's  too bad that the    people whod have more  base  memory available to devote to     complicated programming tasks.  For  example, a typical      MS-DOS set up would    have at least 2  megabytes  or more   of memory to work with.  A serious         Macintosh MIDI    system  might start with as little as 4 meg and increase as  needed.  That  is FOUR MILLION "K's" folks!  One "K" is      composed of 1024     "bytes"  so a "4-meg" system should     really be SOMETHING!       The  ADAM, on the other hand, is based upon the Z80     CPU,  an't feel TOO   bad.  Haven't YOU ever just jumped right  in  and  tried to use    something?      Well, then you  know  what  I'm  talking     about.  Oh well, I'm a user, not a    reader, so I just dive in. Too bad!  I missed quite a bit of information in   the   process.  Hopefully, this will inspire you to "READ FIRST",  "LEARN IT",   and  THEN use your MIDI!      For those of you who aren't familiar with MIDI (or      maybe you  aren't all  that familiar with the ADAM Computer  System?), I'll do  my -bit systems.  The ADAM,      though, never seemed to impress the few      hardware        vendors as a viable MIDI controller, especially once the     great minds at COLECO dropped this wonderful computer        system!      The limitations of a 64K computer system never seem to  daunt  Chris       Braymen when he really wants it to do     something special!  A  popular TEXT only version of the      popular SARGON 1 computer  chess  game was once converted by him into a superb GRAPHICS version for  use tware.   In     fact,  some of these, such as the Amiga,   have a MIDI  port built  right in!  The other's have such a tremendous user    base that they  have  a lot of high quality hardware and     software to choose    from  for the purpose of making        computer aided music.  We are not quite  that  fortunate.      These other machines are 16-bit and 32-bit computer     systems  with speed  and power that dwarfs our 8-bit ADAM's  best.  They are  running  at several    times the processor  speed an were actively developing   hardware for  the ADAM at that time didn't see the need for an ADAM                 compatible  MIDI interface.  I think they passed up a great  potential and may  never even know it! It's a good thing for those of us ADAM owners  who share   the "music bug" that    Chris didn't just give up! He went  out and learned to       develop hardware and even to write  software.   By the time  ADAMCON 1 was held in October of 1989, he had gone on  to    develop,  not only the interface,   beginner, I was starting from       scratch, with   little money  to invest in what could easily become a costly new hobby. package comes with the interface, two  MIDI cables, one 60 conductor       ribbon cable to connect it to ADAM,  two software programs   on digital data     pack, and three instruction  manuals.    All you need to do is to plug the       ribbon cable into    the  side port of your ADAM CPU, then into the side of the   MIDI-MITE.   Looking at the interface, there are four jacks  on thto  us from Bonafide    Systems.  That shows me  an  unparalleled level of high      quality product support. Whenever I've  needed advice on     what equipment to     purchase, how to hook it up or  even   some program to make it work better,     Chris has always    been  there  ready and willing to help. If you ever have any questions  or requests, you can always get an answer... and  in some cases...  a new program to help you do what YOU need the MIDI to do!      As  current MIDI-MITE (as it's been nges to Chris Braymen on CompuServe answered  all my     questions and then some!  For those interested, I'll  pass   a few of those tips along to you.      First  question I had was "What's the difference        between  a  keyboard    and a synthesizer?"  Well, it seems  it's a pretty  basic  difference. A        keyboard usually  has a selection of voices that you  can pick and choose      from.  These are the only voices the unit can  ever play.  A synthesizer, on the     other hand, gives users severe right  side  for connecting external MIDI devices.    There is a jack labeled IN,  a jack     labeled THRU and two jacks labeled OUT.      The  first problem was to find out just what type  of   sound  making      equipment I should purchase.  I looked at various YAMAHA &  CASIO keyboards    over the course of      several months.  The  YAMAHA's  all had plenty of features   to choose from but the CASIO line  has  a consistently       higher quality of       instrument reproduction.  For an     obviousbut   all the necessary    soft- ware to use that interface! After a bit of gentle      prodding,  (ok,  so  I begged.....grin), Chris and his wife  Elizabeth went  on  to  establish their own ADAM oriented    company to build and market the  new    equipment.  That     company has  been named Bonafide  Systems...  and lives up   to that name too!      It's been two years and more since the project was      started,  and still   there are new programs, utilities and  even PD disks  of  MIDI songs coming   The following article,Midi Lesson,is by Ron Collins. The entire article was downloaded from the AdameXchange BBS. This is part two.      With so many types of equipment available, I not only   needed  to consider brand and price,  but also weather to    get a  keyboard  or  just a synthesizer.  In the range from  $100 to $500, I  could  find a wide selection of features    and styles.... but what do  all  the terms mean?  What is a  good buy and what  should I stay  clear  of?  A few quick    messaamed) interface    owners  are already aware, the unit comes complete with      everything you or  I need to get started.  The package comes with the interface, two  MIDI cables, one 60 conductor       ribbon cable to connect it to ADAM,  two software programs   on digital data     pack, and three instruction  manuals.    All you need to do is to plug the       ribbon cable into    the  side port of your ADAM CPU, then into the side of the   MIDI-MITE.   Looking at the interface, there are four jacks  on thal      "base"  voices along with the ability to      create new     ones on  your  own. Please keep in mind that this is for     units of  either type a  typical buyer in my price range     could expect.       Those keyboards in my price range have the ability to    emulate  different   musical instruments besides the basic   piano and  organ  sounds.  Many have a   basic selection of  useful sounds that can be  tapped into for the best          possible musical playback.  The standard  MIDI specificatihe          keyboards in MY price range these fine units all have FULL   sized keys.  This all comes together to give you some        tremendous              capabilities for musical expression.    To  figure out what type of MIDI equipment you might need for  your own    MIDI studio, let's take a look at how many  songs are put  together into a MIDI format.  Compare what    you read here with the  condition of your budget and         with your music needs, then start to  look over those music  catalogs!   The benefit of a keyboard is that you can use it to     convert  a  favorite piece of sheet music into a MIDI song   file stored  on  your ADAM by simply     playing it in! The  low cost synthesizer isn't  able to be "played" because it   doesn't have any keys! The benefit  you get from buying a    synthesizer rather   than a keyboard is  that  it gives you  access to more instrument sounds (as    I've mentioned)      more MIDI channels, and the ability to create your own       sounds and  use some exten  play the whole thing in on a keyboard. The original piano  parts    might be assigned to MIDI       channels 1 and 2.  The flute part might  be set up   for     channel 5.  The string accompaniment seems to sound  better  to the         composer when separated between high and low  tones,   so they use a cello for  the low notes on channel 3 and the violin  gets to play the higher notes on    channel  4.       A  rather expensive electric piano by Yamaha, the       CLAVINOVA  series, for instance, has t.  If you don't mind paying $1500  or more for a  MIDI  synthesizer,  the   manufacturers of    these units will throw in some  extras.  Roland, Korg,       Yamaha, etc., often provide a  multi-track                   recorder/sequencer on the unit.    Some units even have a    disk drive  "built-in" to them for storing your              masterpieces! One of the most  important feature these "high end" synthesizer  manufacturers give  you, though, is KEYS!  Unlike the small or mid sized ones  on most  of ton tends to govern   most of what is available  but  is often   embellished with "custom" features by the manufacturers.     This MIDI spec provides support for control of up to 16      channels,  as does the MIDI-MITE and all of it's software.   Most inexpensive   keyboards,  however, are only able to     send and receive MIDI  data  on 3 or 4   channels. This can  be a big problem if you want to play  a MIDI song file       recorded on 8 different tracks!  This problem we  will cover a little later.         In most cases, songs are recorded one track at a time.  Each    segment   of the music will be planned in advance by the performer.  Each instrument has to be assigned to play   some line of the music  score.  Suppose the music was        originally written for piano, but a  new arrangement was     scored adding a flute accompaniment.  Perhaps  some          background violins were also added to really     bring out   that  special feeling from the composition?  The player      would       probablysive library management features   to store sounds in     "banks" for later use in your songs.  You can pick and choose from  the         instruments stored this way any you want to use. You can even  create  your     own new voices if you get "into it".  Remember,  for  each   unit you purchase,  certain tradeoffs will be made at the    low  end  of the price range and certain benefits come with  the  high  end units.      In the higher price categories, you can expect more     features  on your     uniexcellent piano         reproduction.  The best  strings I've ever heard come from   the CLAVINOVA too (but at $4000  and more, you'd tend to     expect that wouldn't you?)  The  drawback  to the CLAVINOVA  is that it has lots of piano   and string  voices,  but is   lacking in any of the wind instruments. The full   size keys are touch sensitive, velocity sensitive, and really easy to  play.   That means the flute part must be added in some      other fashion.      Something I didn't learn until months aard to use a piano sound.  Each     time the piano keys    are played,  certain other information is stored as          specialized control  codes  with the music.  As the music is played in, each   note's value  is  stored. Also, how long a key is held down and how hard or    soft it  is  struck gets placed in the music file. The music's timing  and     key    information are also recorded to this track of piano music.      As the flute, cello and violin lines get played in,     similar  information is cally every tiny     detail of your playing will be    saved for later recall and play.  AVINOVA too (but at $4000  and more, you'd tend to     expect that wouldn't you?)  The  drawback  to the CLAVINOVA  is that it has lots of piano   and string  voices,  but is   lacking in any of the wind instruments. The full   size keys are touch sensitive, velocity sensitive, and really easy to  play.   That means the flute part must be added in some      other fashion.      Something I didn't learn until months aake it even more detailed. If you make a mistake when  you are     playing, that "sour note" you accidentally hit will  have  to  be listened to  as you play back that    music right  along  with   all the correct notes.  This      goes for hitting the key too hard or  soft,  a bit to fast   or slow, or any     number of nuances that  will  be         captured into that MIDI data file.        On  the "expensive computer" types, these and other     factors  can be      fixed with a software program or       The following article,Midi Lesson,is by Ron Collins. The entire article was downloaded from the AdameXchange BBS. This is part three.       Let's  get back to our song file.  A few things happen  when  this song   is played in. Suppose the song is being    played in on  a  professional          quality,  full size   MIDI keyboard.   As  the  piano  score is played, a          special code is placed at the beginning of the  line.  This  is a program       change control code that tells the  key-  bofter I began      using the MIDI is that making sounds is NOT limited to just  a keyboard.  If  you are a drummer, there are drum           controllers that let you play a  line and record it on your  computer.  If you play a guitar or any   other string        instrument, there are MIDI         controllers that can save your favorite riffs for you.  Believe it or not,    there    are even a  line  of "wind controllers" that let you put all the feeling  you  are capable of into your MIDI song track!  Practiadded to the song.  Each channel (or track as most  of us refer to them)    will hold that        instrument's data.  When this  song is played back on the    same  keyboard, it will be able to play  the same song in    almost the exact manner as it was played "live". The problem comes when you want to play the song on your keyboard  or    synthesizer.  Unless you happen to own the same equipment    used    to play it originally, the chances of it's sounding  the same  are  pretty     remote.      Let's mfter I began      using the MIDI is that making sounds is NOT limited to just  a keyboard.  If  you are a drummer, there are drum           controllers that let you play a  line and record it on your  computer.  If you play a guitar or any   other string        instrument, there are MIDI         controllers that can save your favorite riffs for you.  Believe it or not,    there    are even a  line  of "wind controllers" that let you put all the feeling  you  are capable of into your MIDI song track!  Practi    hardware device called  a  MIDI SEQUENCER.    The use of a   sequencer is to a musician much the  same as a word          processor is  to a writer.  The sequencer allows an  amazing amount of flexibility in       composing.  You could find    that  sour note you hit and simply delete it.  You  could    also edit it a  bit to make the correct note replace the     wrong one.  You can move  parts of the song around, change   the volume of the instrument  to    make it the center of    attention or just a ust      makes transporting MIDI song files between different types a more difficult   proposition.      In hopes of heading the problem off before it gets      worse, an              organization called Warner New Media  proposed what should make it  much easier to deal with.      Their New MIDI Standard establishes an  array  of 128 MIDI   Program Numbers; each with a specific  musical  instrument   assigned to it.     These instruments are mapped into  16    families, with 8 instruments per        famit is always to be on   the same brand and  model  of  equipment.  If you do not have the exact setup, however, songs do  not   replay with the same results.      In an effort to help, manufacturers, developers and the MIDI              Manufacturers Association developed what   is called Standard  MIDI  Files       (SMF).  These files    contain all the information relevant to  a song file         you've developed, but stored in a more "generic" way.        These SMF song files   can be found in two fort the  first string of programs from Bonafide  Systems  and  then   work into the newest programs.        Perhaps the best way to explain all of this is to just  walk  through a   session or two.  I'll start with how I     actually get the  MIDI song file onto   my own ADAM and then work from there.  With a  bit of luck, you'll see how        easy it is.  There can be a lot of to  do and a lot of steps to take getting   the song file to play,  but  the work is   well worth the results.  Try to       remeo sound the     first            instrument.  From there on, though, they do  a quick split   up.  Some     carry a series of various piano types for  the next several instruments, then  move into some string types  or  even a few mixed horns, etc.  Others start     with the  piano's voice  and then go from there to a vibraphone,       harpsichord,   and organ. A list of possible musical voices  can be ordered in any way the    one  who designed it        wanted.  This isn't really a bad thing either. It  jbackground part, make a  more            detailed change to place each instrument into a stereo field of left or right and even use special controller codes to    turn on  or off your stage light      display!      The final stage of this song creation is to store it    for any  playback    or future modification that might be    needed.  This  was  originally done using the keyboard       manufacturers software to save  each song using it's own     proprietary format.  This works fine for playback when ily.  Various     sound effects I  tend to use from time to time have also     been included into  their  own family groups in this         standard.      With all of this as a preliminary, how do we work with  these  files from  other computer's and MIDI equipment?  How do we listen  to them at home using  our own ADAM MIDI       studio?  Well, it's not a  very difficult problem thanks to  all the special programs and new  utilities Chris Braymen    has developed for    ADAM users. Let's start  with jusms: MF0 and    MF1.  The  MF0 files group all of the       information      together into one big file  for later playback. Any          duplicate      tracks are automatically merged  into a       single track.  The MF1 type does the   same thing, but there is no merging of tracks.  This makes editing the file   much easier  than in the case of MF0 files.      There is still the problem of instrument distribution   by the  various     manufacturers.  Most adhere to the       convention of making a  pianmber also that  I  am working these song files from scratch.  Once I put   them onto a  public domain disk in ADAM format, the steps you     need to  perform  to get the file into a likable format are  simple and few.      The various bulletin board systems around the country   can be  a           tremendous source of MIDI song files if  you know which ones to  call.  I have  found a few long      distance boards dedicated to  MIDI  or with a MIDI data      library section, but long distance charges do   with the   song a while to get it to sound as  it     should.  In this case, I'll try to     search for a song     file  on  the CompuServe system. After logging on, I just    type GO MIDIFORUM  and press the RETURN key.  In a few       seconds, I'm taken     right into  the MIDI area set up for  song support.  There are various message  areas and data     library areas available to me here.  I can get any           questions I might have answered by simply leaving a note in  their  message base.  Some    ates from 300 to  (in some cases) 9600 baud!  They have MIDI  data library and message areas and you can read   descriptions of a  song file or even reviews of it prior to  actually downloading it.      Some information you will want to look for is the       format  of  the song    file.  You will want to know how big it is, what  system  was used to create   it and what        instruments were designated.  Most  of this info will be     available... but not always all of it.  Just  be prepared to "play"e it at all.  Remember, each computer     system can have a  special file type.      Some of the ones  I've run into are MID,  MFF,  SNG, SMF, MF1, MF0, WRK and    even some really  goofy ones I  won't  bother to mention; we can't use them    anyway!  On this system, the  types we     will be able to use are MID, MFF, MF1   and MF0. These all   designate the file as a standard MIDI file format.           Usually, only  the files that tell you up front that they    are MF0 are the     format  used by MINI RE helpful person will then read it and give  me  an answer. (How do I know it'll be          answered? I've TRIED it(grin!)s of a  song file or even reviews of it prior to  actually downloading it.      Some information you will want to look for is the       format  of  the song    file.  You will want to know how big it is, what  system  was used to create   it and what        instruments were designated.  Most  of this info will be     available... but not always all of it.  Just  be prepared to "play"not really    appeal to me         (especially when my wife reads the      phone  bill and wants to know what "THAT   ONE" is for...    you know..."that  one right THERE!").  Rather than having to "face the music",  I'd  rather be in a position to listen to it (grin)... so I tend to to  do most of my MIDI file        hunting on the two commercial BBS's  that  I subscribe to;   CompuServe Information Service and GE*nie.  These  two       massive systems can accept calls from all over the country   at  baud r   The following article,Midi Lesson,is by Ron Collins. The entire article was downloaded from the AdameXchange BBS. This is part four.      For now, however, I'm not looking for answered          questions.  I  want a new  song to play on my ADAM.  The     best place to look first  is in the new uploads  section:    Data Library 1.  I type DL1 and it  flips me over into that  area as   soon as I press the RETURN key.      Now, I HAVE to know what type of song file to search    for  if  I am to us with the   song a while to get it to sound as  it     should.  In this case, I'll try to     search for a song     file  on  the CompuServe system. After logging on, I just    type GO MIDIFORUM  and press the RETURN key.  In a few       seconds, I'm taken     right into  the MIDI area set up for  song support.  There are various message  areas and data     library areas available to me here.  I can get any           questions I might have answered by simply leaving a note in  their  message base.  Some    CORDER.  Since    this is the program we'll use  with  our MIDIMITE interface, it's a good idea to search for compatible  file types.      To do this, I can use the BROWSE command to let me look for  this type   of file.  I still use menus to help me      navigate so I'll  press the number 1    key and press return (this one is labeled  for  a  BROWSE  of  the library).      CompuServe  prompts  for  a  search  string.   At  this      point, I type MF0 and  press the  RETURN.   The  system will then ask l have to go one    better.  The       computer age has required  some  better method and many      solutions have been advanced.  The first I  found  was       simple file compression.  A file  was once SQUEEZED  to      make it as small as possible. Next, the file could be        CRUNCHED to  make  it  even smaller.  Later still, a         compression  type  called  CRLZH was written that further    reduced the disk space needed  for  file     storage.        Finally, programs were written that would let  interesting  song  of the MID  file type. This one is called TZONE.ZIP.   Hmmm, that's  not a MID type file!   Let's take a look at    the description.  Here  I learn that this is the theme       music from The TWILITE ZONE,  what  it was composed on, and  that there are two files included in this  ZIP file:         TZONE.MID and TZONE.TXT.  For those of you   who don't do    this sort of thing on a regular basis, and don't even know   what  a  ZIP file is, let's take a quick look at it.        When you     compression and storage to one new file     called an ARC  or  ARK file.  These    used various schemes  to reduce file size, but an  extremely small file could      result, saving you a great deal of the  very valuable disk   space.  The         fastest, tightest compression I am  now  aware of is the ZIP file.  This is a   compression/library   type  of file manipulator that takes the earlier program     types to their  current limit. The result is that you can    find 320K files     reduced  to a sits you want to keep     separate!  How can we cut out  all   that wasted disk space  but still keep our files separate?  An  easy  solution  was  invented a couple of hundred years ago by  Ben  Franklin.    You guessed     it.... put them into a LIBRARY!  How  does   a library keep things in order?    They put similar files    into code  number designated areas.      All  of the cooking books will be found in the same     general  area of the library.  It still takes up a lot of    room though,  so  we'lme how many days I want to look back.  I can  tell  it one day or 90... or just press RETURN again  for          "ALL".   If  there have been any new MF0 songs uploaded,     they will now  be     listed one at a time.  CompuServe even gives you a brief descrip- tion  of the song, who uploaded   it, and maybe even what  musical  instruments it is to be    played with.  If there are no MF0  songs,  try doing this    again using the MFF  or MID search strings.      Looking  over the files, I finally find anyou  take      these      compressed files and put them all into one  new   file  called a LIBRARY.  I    could create a file called     MIDI.LBR for  all  my  MIDI song files for                   instance.  All the member files could  be  crunched  or      squeezed to make them  take up as little space  as  I  can   manage.  The original separate files could then be deleted   or  just stored on floppy disks for archival purposes.      The next advance was to actually archive these files in one  step... have a group of files that all concern one     specific  subject,    what would you rather do, keep them    all together or just  throw  them in with  a lot of other    files that have nothing to  do  with your subject?           Obviously,  it's better to keep them all in an  easy to      access central location.  Keeping  them all by  themselves   is a great way to get at these files when you need    them,  but they  will soon start to take up an awful lot of disk    space if you   have  very many subjecngle 24K ZIP file!      Okay,  now let's look at that TZONE.ZIP file.  I don't  have  to download a large MIDI song file and then go back    and  download  the text file that      talks about it.  By   use of an IBM utility that  creates  these ZIP files, the    uploader of TZONE.ZIP has put  both  files into a group,     then reduced it's     size by compressing all the  data into it's smallest possible size.  It saves  space as well as     download time for me (space and UPLOAD time for the          mull use a program called  UNZIP  for this (makes sense doesn't it?)  I type UNZIP TZONE E and press  that useful RETURN key again.  The "E" tells   UNZIP to extract the  files.  If I don't     type in that "E", I'll just get a     list of  the  contents of the ZIP.  It takes a few minutes to process, but     work is soon ready to begin on the new song.      My first step is to view the TZONE.TXT to see what this song  is supposed to sound like.  I just punch in TYPE       TZONE.TXT and am  presented by ADen zipped, however it would have to be           transferred to a CP/M or    TDOS media.  To me, it just      makes sense to download the file with  a TDOS                compatible modem program.      Of the popular modem programs in this environment that  offer  file        transfer capabilities, the more popular   are IMP, MEX, QTERM,  and my personal  favorite, ZMP.  Which program you use is your own  choice.  The important          thing is to get that file 'eh?  Using ZMP,  I select the     downloaplayed   using  only  4     musical instruments, the piano, french    horn, some  bongos  and a string        arrangement.  We     also know that it was created using  a YAMAHA TG33           synthesizer.  The uploader, Mike Kindinger,  should  be      thanked for all this   information.  You wouldn't believe    what a  mess some files are to determine    instrument       arrangements!  By the  use of this little text file, the     uploader   has made our job  MUCH  easier.   If you happen   to download thicol to use.  I just  press  the  Y key and hit the RETURN.       That's it!  I don't have to  tell  ADAM what to call this    file or anything.    It transfers  TZONE.ZIP  to my computer where I can work with it.  This is all I'm  really  after    this call, so I log off, hang up and use ESCAPE Q to  quit   ZMP and get back to TDOS.      Typing DIR and hitting the RETURN key gives me the      directory  of the disk so I can see my new file.  Now I need to extract  the  two files from that ZIP format.  I'sician!)      The  ADAM has a good variety of modem programs that     provide  us with     download capability.  ADAMLink IV works with the internal  300 baud modem or   an external modem of  up to 19.2 kbaud.  It also  offers  XMODEM file transfer.    Files you might get with  ADAMLink  will already be in an    ADAM EOS format     which can be good and  bad.   If the     file is an uncompressed file.. such as    simply TZONE.MID   it  can be accessed by your MIDI software as is.  Since this file has  beAM       with..... Twilight Zone by Marius Constant.  Midi file format.  Done   on a Yamaha TG33.   Should be easy to adapt to any tone      generator.                Chan   Instrument                   1    Piano                  2    French Horn                  3    Bongos                  4    Strings This is my first up load.  I'd welcome any comments,         especially  from TG33     owners.  Hope you enjoy Mike Kindinger 73607,464      Well,  now we know that this song file can be  d option on    CompuServe.  I am given a listing  of  various types of download types, known   as protocols.  I'll use  YMODEM protocol this time.  CompuServe prompts me       with "FILE NAME  FOR YOUR SYSTEM".  That's an easy one!  I   just type in     TZONE.ZIP  and press the return.  I am now  prompted to begin the transfer.      At this point, the benefit of ZMP really shines out.  I just  press the   ESCAPE key and the R key. This tells my    ADAM to receive  a file.  ZMP asks me  what type of protos file, please  do as  Mike  has asked and    leave him a note about what you think of the file.    Should be easy to adapt to any tone      generator.                Chan   Instrument                   1    Piano                  2    French Horn                  3    Bongos                  4    Strings This is my first up load.  I'd welcome any comments,         especially  from TG33     owners.  Hope you enjoy Mike Kindinger 73607,464      Well,  now we know that this song file can be  the programming   skills of Tony Morehen and  Guy Cousineau.  The old ADAM     CP/M standards of ADAM.COM and  it's  partner CPMADAM.COM    could be used with   CPM but they definitely do  NOT work    under T-DOS.  Tony and Guy, the authors   of T-DOS took an   extensive look at this problem.  With the advanced hardware  T-DOS  supports, a program was needed that could read a hard drive, look  at   any of the many sizes of disk drives, data drives, etc. and be  able  to move  files between EOS and    T-DOS    The following article,Midi Lesson,is by Ron Collins. The entire article was downloaded from the Adam eXchange BBS. This is the conclusion.      With the song file extracted, it is time to get it      ready for  us to play  on our own MIDI equipped ADAM.        MINIRecorder, the first  program any of us ever see (because you get it free when you  buy  a MIDI MITE) only works with  MIDI  format 0 song files.  This song  was provided in       format 1, so we now have to   convert it to what we  can   Now the  selection has   to be made for the type of transfer.  The two I can  choose  from are EOS to T-DOS and T-DOS to EOS.  We have the         file  in T-DOS, and want to put it onto an EOS disk, so we   want to pick  that  second option. I've already set up what  drives will be  used  for this         transfer, so all      that's left is to pick the file we want  to convert.      FC has a real useful feature called "mask select".      This was  added by    the thoughtful programmers who knew it wourt.  Type in TZONE.MID had again  press RETURN.  Now you will be  asked for a name to give the final  version  of the song.  I want to call it   TZONE.MF0 so that I  can  keep it separate from the original version.  By just typing  this  in, the    conversion will take place leaving us with a nice new    "0" format version of our TZONE song.      With TZONE now being a format "0" file, we are ready to take  it  from    it's T-DOS environment to an EOS one.      This can be  done  quite easily thanks  to played   using  only  4     musical instruments, the piano, french    horn, some  bongos  and a string        arrangement.  We     also know that it was created using  a YAMAHA TG33           synthesizer.  The uploader, Mike Kindinger,  should  be      thanked for all this   information.  You wouldn't believe    what a  mess some files are to determine    instrument       arrangements!  By the  use of this little text file, the     uploader   has made our job  MUCH  easier.   If you happen   to download thimedia, no matter  where  they are now, and to any      other media or format.  The program  has  been named FC      (File Convert) and     does exactly what it's named.      By  now we all know how to bring up a file in T-DOS by  just  typing      it's name, so we'll skip that part.  I     load up FC11,  the  latest version of   the program I have,  and it let's me select TDOS  and EOS directories.  I tell    it the TDOS file is on D7: and TZONE  is going to be sent to my 320K EOS disk  in disk drive 1.    use.  Chris Braymen knew we would run into this     problem, so a  neat conversion utility was created in his spare time. As soon  as  it was checked out and debugged Chris released  MIDI1-0.COM to the  public  domain.  The use of this program is very simple: it  takes  a format 1 file    and converts   it to a format 0 file.      Just type in the program's name: MIDI1-0 and press      RETURN to bring  up    this slick little utility.  When it   comes up, you  will  be asked for a song   name to conveld be used for  file manipulations   on hard drives or    other large capacity drives.  These large drives can hold up to several hundred files on  them!   Without the "mask       select", you would have to look at ALL of these  hundreds of files to find the one you want!  Instead, FC  prompts  us    for "TDOS Filemask".  Just type in *.MID to select all the   MID  files.  You could further restrict the mask by          selecting  TZONE.*  or     TZONE.MID.  Using these "*"       wildcards gives you a lot oange number. Let's look  at these        numbers and compare them to what we read in the TXT file     found in that        TZONE.ZIP.      Our list indicates that track 1 is a PIANO sound. There is a  a number in front of this, a "2".  This tells us that  the  YAMAHA  device used to compose  the song used it's      second instrument voice  to play this track.  Track 2 has    the number 41 assigned to it.  A  50 is in front of track 3  and there is a 63  in front of track 16.   This is our first clue to wt's new    home on an EOS disk where we can listen to it.  What can     possibly be left to do?      Let's boot up our copy of MINI-RECORDER and check this  out a  bit.  After the program comes online, press the       STORE/GET key and  select the disk         containing our    new file.  Move the cursor so that  it points to TzoneMF0    and   press RETURN.  In about twenty  seconds  or so, the    song will show up on our   screen.  Looking at the  file     tells us three important pieces of information.his   patch  will be to  get up and running.  I can do everything  on my  little  CASIO MT-540 keyboard.  The CASIO has 30      musical instruments that  it can play with the help of the   MIDI port. It has only four MIDI  sound  channels that it    can access, however: 1, 2, 3 and 4, so  I  am going to have  to make a quick change before I can use the song  with my    keyboard.      This channel number is made by moving the cursor up to  where  it says 16  and just press the RETURN.  Now,          MINI-    number is what  makes  a certain track play   with a         particular instrument.  Some songs do  not stick with only   one          instrument for each track. There are some  that I've encountered with as many  as seven program changes      which  kept me really busy tracking them down! These  too    much be made to  conform to our own equipments requirements! Before a     program can  be edited for our instrument       allocations, we have to first look a  file over closely and  find each program chf  room  to fine-tune a file      search.  I only have the one MID file on this  area, so      selecting *.MID   still only gives me the one name: TZONE!      FC asks me for a name to give the song once it get's    over to  that EOS    disk to which I respond TzoneMF0 and    press the RETURN. A  second or two is all it usually takes   for smaller files.  Now the  song I've been patiently        working on has been downloaded, unzipped  and converted to a workable format 0. We've  then followed this to  ihat is needed to play the   song!  Let's  list what we've found: TRACK USED           PROGRAM NUMBER             YAMAHA       INSTRUMENT ==========           ==============               =================      1                    2                        PIANO     2                   41                        FRENCH    HORN      3                   50                        BONGOS      16                   63                        STRINGS      Looking  at this information shows me how simple t  We can see  that  there are 4 channels containing MIDI data.  These are  the   ones we  see the little green "musical note" symbol in front of.  In  this     case, the data is on tracks 1, 2, 3  and 16.  The second piece  of  information the program shows us is that there are no  instrument  names  listed!   A good reason for us to have  checked  out  that  TZONE.TXT don't   you agree?      The last thing we learn is the MIDI program number      assigned  to each of  the 4 used tracks.  This program   RECORDER asks me  what channel number I  wish to give   it.  I just type in a 4 and to  make  the change take        effect, I   press RETURN once more.  To  help  me  keep      track of what's going on, I like   to move the cursor over   to the original channel 4 and change it to a 16.      This   way I  can  keep things in order.       Now,  let's  look at those instruments and  their        associated  program     numbers.  PIANO=2, FRENCH HORN=41,   BONGOS=50, and STRINGS  =63.  At this       point, the hardest part of the   whole  procedure.  You have to actually press a SmartKey     that is labeled  PLAY.  Really tough     'eh?  How did it    all sound?  GREAT! It sounds  so close to the TV show that I had to look at the television set!   This is true DIGITAL    AUDIO.... even       better than CD (Compact Disk)  in it's  reproduction.  And it's all done on an  ADAM!  The last of   it all is to press the STORE/GET key, name the file, and     store it  onto my next Public Domain release disk.  Sure it program change number 1.  All I do is to move the  cursor  up to the program number column for the PIANO   so that it's  highlighting the   2.  I press RETURN, am      prompted for a new number  to which I respond with a 1, and  then press the RETURN once more.   This fixes the PIANO for  channel 1 and  also solves the channel 16 problem.        Our  next instrument, the FRENCH HORN just doesn't      exist  in  the CASIO's library of sounds.  That means I have to substitute a  different type of       in.        For  those who have gone on and purchased the new       sequencer  program,    SEQuel, from Bonafide Systems, there  are even more areas  you can change.      With SEQuel, you   don't have to convert that TDOS  file to a MIDI FORMAT 0     file before transferring it to EOS.  SEQ- uel  can  load     either song format.  It   can take a  new  bank  of  musical instruments stored in a file called a      SYSEX (SYStem     EX- clusive).  A  SMARTKey in the download options screen    let's  you  SEND m    sound.   Instead,   it groups a large variety of similar     sounds into what it  names the PERCUSSION track.  This track is number 9, so I'm going  to take a chance and change that  50 to a 9.  It's now time to  go  on  and finish up that     STRINGS section.  The STRINGS on my  CASIO  are section 16,  so a quick change of that 63 to a 16     finishes the        patching.   With this all completed, it's time to test  our  hard  work and see how the song came out.      Playing  the song is probably I         recommend looking at the owners manual you  received with    your        keyboard or synthesizer to see what instrument   can  be used for each of these and what program number is    needed  to make it play that instrument.  My       CASIO's   manual says that a 2  is what it uses to play as if it were  a          HARPSICHORD. Well I sure  don't need THAT         instrument to play the Twilite Zone theme!  No, I  need a    PIANO sound and the CASIO has a truly  superb one which  is  called up with  took time,  but    none of it was hard to do or very         complicated.  SMARTKeys took us  through all the hard stuff  with ease.  Why, I'll be even Big John  could have done it   (grin)!      For those of you who have been wondering about the      FB01,  it  DOES have a FRENCH HORN and an incredible STRING  section that.  I  could  send the same    song information   to the YAMAHA even as  it's  busy playing the CASIO. This    combo sounds the best, so I saved it  on a special disk for  FB01 ownersstrument for the  french horn.  My  experience  tells me that a generic BRASS  section isn't quite right where any  single brass horn is    required.  It won't  be exactly the same  (or  even close    for a knit-picker), but I think I'll use  number 7, the      FLUTE to replace that french horn section.  The FLUTE has    quite a  respectable reproduction which I think will do      nicely.  I  change  the 41   to a 7 and move on to those     BONGOS.      The CASIO doesn't limit you to just one type of dru SYSEX.  An FB01 (or other synthesizer)     owner  can  download  new  banks of sound patches and use    this ability to send them  to  their       units.   What a   slick way to get  new musical  instrument  capabilities!      Once you have the song loaded into SEQuel, you can edit it a  bit to make certain areas faster, others louder, and   about any of  several  different      changes unavailable to MINI-RECORDER.  Use  of  SEQuel is so flexible that          it'll take another article to cover it  alO 10000240IF key$="1" THEN  dv%=8250IF key$="2" THEN  dv%=4260 dv$=menu$(VAL(key$)):POKE 27601, dv%270VTAB 10:? " Press [RETURN] when "; LEFT$(dv$, 4)280? " is ready . . ."290GET key$:IF key$<>CHR$(13) GOTO 10000400CALL 27600:IF PEEK(27647)<>128 GOTO 10010410IF PEEK(start+13)<>85 GOTO 10010420IF PEEK(start+14)<>170 GOTO 10010500 vn$="":FOR x=0 TO 11: pk=PEEK(start+x)510ON pk=3 GOTO 520: vn$=vn$+CHR$(pk):NEXT520VTAB 14:? " Volume name is: "; vn$600VTAB 16:? " What new volume name do you "610INP            Ronald Collins                                                              s and use    this ability to send them  to  their       units.   What a   slick way to get  new musical  instrument  capabilities!      Once you have the song loaded into SEQuel, you can edit it a  bit to make certain areas faster, others louder, and   about any of  several  different      changes unavailable to MINI-RECORDER.  Use  of  SEQuel is so flexible that          it'll take another article to cover it  alO 10000240IF key$="1" THEN  dv%=8250IF key$="2" THEN  dv%=4260 dv$=menu$(VAL(key$)):POKE 27601, dv%270VTAB 10:? " Press [RETURN] when "; LEFT$(dv$, 4)280? " is ready . . ."290GET key$:IF key$<>CHR$(13) GOTO 10000400CALL 27600:IF PEEK(27647)<>128 GOTO 10010410IF PEEK(start+13)<>85 GOTO 10010420IF PEEK(start+14)<>170 GOTO 10010500 vn$="":FOR x=0 TO 11: pk=PEEK(start+x)510ON pk=3 GOTO 520: vn$=vn$+CHR$(pk):NEXT520VTAB 14:? " Volume name is: "; vn$600VTAB 16:? " What new volume name do you "610INP10REM * Volume name changer20REM * Does NOT INIT medium30ONERR  GOTO 1000050LOMEM :34000:TEXT100DATA 62,0,1,0,0,17,1,0,33,0,212,205,243,252,50,255,107,201 110FOR x=27600 TO 27617:READ ml:POKE x, ml:NEXT120DATA Tape one,Disk one,Exit program 130FOR x=1 TO 3:READ menu$(x):NEXT140 start=54272150POKE 16149, 255:POKE 16150, 255200HTAB 6:INVERSE:? " VOLUME NAME CHANGER"210NORMAL:VTAB 4:HTAB 2:? "Which option?":VTAB 6220FOR x=1 TO 3:? " "; x; " = "; menu$(x):NEXT230GET key$:IF key$<"1" OR key$>"2" GOTl.  For that       reason, I'll leave you  with this start.  You  know  what it can take to get a song onto one of those  PD disks, and it   is  more than likely that you'll be trying some of this      yourself  soon.  At least I hope you'll try it!  For that    reason, I'll give    you just four words of advice: "YOU CAN DO IT!"  Good luck, and I  wish you    luck and much         enjoyment!  It doesn't take a lot of money  to use MIDI...   just  great software and hardware!                             UT " want to use? "; vv$620 lev=LEN(vv$):IF lev>12 THEN  lev=12630FOR x=0 TO 11:POKE start+x, 32:NEXT640FOR x=1 TO lev:POKE start+x-1, ASC(MID$(vv$, x, 1)):NEXT650POKE 27612, 246:CALL 27600660VTAB 20:? " Volume name changed.":END10000TEXT:?:? " Program terminated.":END10010TEXT:?:? " CAN NOT ACCESS "; dv$; ".":END16150, 255200HTAB 6:INVERSE:? " VOLUME NAME CHANGER"210NORMAL:VTAB 4:HTAB 2:? "Which option?":VTAB 6220FOR x=1 TO 3:? " "; x; " = "; menu$(x):NEXT230GET key$:IF key$<"1" OR key$>"2" GOTl.  For that       reason, I'll leave you  with this start.  You  know  what it can take to get a song onto one of those  PD disks, and it   is  more than likely that you'll be trying some of this      yourself  soon.  At least I hope you'll try it!  For that    reason, I'll give    you just four words of advice: "YOU CAN DO IT!"  Good luck, and I  wish you    luck and much         enjoyment!  It doesn't take a lot of money  to use MIDI...   just  great software and hardware!                             1REM * Trapshoot2REM * Downloaded from                ADAM SmartLINK 5REM * Modified by Faye               Deere, 1/928ONERR  GOTO 106010TEXT:HTAB 12:INVERSE:? " TRAPSHOOT":NORMAL:?:?15? " The object of this game is to  shoot down 20 targets.  To     fire, press the LEFT fire      button.  The joystick will"20? " change your position hori-     zontally, if you think this    will enhance your chances      of hitting the targets."25?:? " Your score will be shown at    the bottom of the screen as    youT b, l:PLOT x, y410COLOR =7:PLOT q, u420HOME:? CHR$(7):? " You missed!!!"; 430FOR t=1 TO 1000:NEXT t:HOME440GOSUB 300:NEXT z500IF l<39 THEN RETURN510 b=q: l=l-1520COLOR =7:PLOT b, l530RETURN600IF q=1 THEN RETURN610COLOR =0:PLOT b, l:PLOT q, u620 q=q-1:COLOR =7:PLOT q, u630RETURN700IF q=38 THEN RETURN710COLOR =0:PLOT b, l:PLOT q, u720 q=q+1:COLOR =7:PLOT q, u730RETURN800COLOR =0:PLOT x, y:COLOR =7:PLOT q, u810COLOR =0:PLOT b, l820? CHR$(7): l=39: sc=sc+10830?:? " You got a hit!!!":FOR t=1 u:NEXT z120IF l<=4 THEN COLOR =0:PLOT x, y:PLOT b, l: l=39:GOTO 400125IF l<39 THEN COLOR =0:PLOT b, l: l=l-1:COLOR =7:PLOT b, l130IF x=b AND y=l THEN GOTO 800135IF SCRN(b, (l-1))<>11 THEN 145140GOTO 800145COLOR =7:PLOT q, u150LET fi=PDL(7):LET qu=PDL(5)160IF fi=1 THEN GOSUB 500170IF qu=8 THEN GOSUB 600175IF qu=2 THEN GOSUB 700180IF l=0 THEN  l=39:GOSUB 400185IF l<39 THEN COLOR =0:PLOT b, l: l=l-1:COLOR =7:PLOT b, l190COLOR =0:PLOT x, y200NEXT x300VTAB 1:? " Score "; sc:RETURN400COLOR =0:PLOave not been able   to get satisfaction, contact     Herman Cherney, Suite B, 198     Sand Point Road, Albany, NY      12215-1817.\\\    This is a service that has  been badly needed.  I have heard that some purchasers are getting non-working copies of programs,  and get no results when they     complain.  I have heard of a few other problems, but this seems   to be the biggest one.\\\    I realize that most of the  people who distribute ADAM       programs in the ADAM community   are not professionals, a TO 2000:NEXT t:HOME840VLIN 0, 39 AT x: l=39850COLOR =7:PLOT q, u860GOSUB 300:NEXT z1000HOME:? " Game over.":? " Your score was: "; sc:FOR t=1 TO 3000:NEXT t1005IF sc>hs THEN  hs=sc1015? " High score: "; hs1020? " Press * to play again "1030LET c=PDL(13)1040IF c=10 THEN GOTO 801045IF c<>10 THEN 10501050GOTO 10301060TEXT:?:? " Program terminated":FOR t=1 TO 2000:NEXT t1070ENDR =0:PLOT b, l: l=l-1:COLOR =7:PLOT b, l190COLOR =0:PLOT x, y200NEXT x300VTAB 1:? " Score "; sc:RETURN400COLOR =0:PLO shoot.  Press ESCAPE to"30? " END game.":?:? " Remember that practice makes   perfect.  Good luck!!"35?:? " Press * on the keypad to       begin play "; 40LET k=PDL(13)50IF k=10 THEN GOTO 8060GOTO 4070IF PEEK(64885)=27 THEN 106080 q=19: u=39: l=39: sc=0:GR:GOSUB 30090FOR z=1 TO 21:IF z=21 THEN COLOR =0:PLOT q, u:GOTO 100095 y=INT(5+25*RND(1)):FOR t=1 TO 2000:NEXT t100FOR x=0 TO 39:COLOR =11105PLOT x, y:IF x<39 THEN 120110IF x=39 THEN COLOR =0:PLOT b, l:PLOT x, y115IF x=39 THEN COLOR =7:PLOT q,z$viding us with yet     another service; an Ombudsman to deal with grievances between     distributors and users.  If you  have had a problem with a        vendor, and have`11~03,37\N\C\\THE PRESIDENT SAYS\\\A\\\    ANN (The ADAM News Network) is now providing us with yet     another service; an Ombudsman to deal with grievances between     distributors and users.  If you  have had a problem with a        vendor, and hT b, l:PLOT x, y410COLOR =7:PLOT q, u420HOME:? CHR$(7):? " You missed!!!"; 430FOR t=1 TO 1000:NEXT t:HOME440GOSUB 300:NEXT z500IF l<39 THEN RETURN510 b=q: l=l-1520COLOR =7:PLOT b, l530RETURN600IF q=1 THEN RETURN610COLOR =0:PLOT b, l:PLOT q, u620 q=q-1:COLOR =7:PLOT q, u630RETURN700IF q=38 THEN RETURN710COLOR =0:PLOT b, l:PLOT q, u720 q=q+1:COLOR =7:PLOT q, u730RETURN800COLOR =0:PLOT x, y:COLOR =7:PLOT q, u810COLOR =0:PLOT b, l820? CHR$(7): l=39: sc=sc+10830?:? " You got a hit!!!":FOR t=1nd must  be given a certain amount of     latitude in their dealings. They are usually people who are doing this as a hobby, out of their    own homes, and in their spare    time.  They are actually         providing us with a much needed  service; and most are helpful,   friendly, and trustworthy.       However, there are a few         distributors who are bordering   on out and out fraud, and these  few give the others a bad name.  The ADAM world cannot servive    without trust in all sectors of  the commodel train that    takes you on a trip to the train station.  At the station, the    controls are handed over to you, and you get to drive the train   via the #1 joystick.\\\    By using this program with  Solomon Swift's PowerPAINT       program, you can build your own  railroad, complete with fancy    railroad cars; and then print it out.  You can use the Railroad   labels that Norman has provided  to make your own mailing labels. You can also use the sprites for letterheads, and decora-\\tions on varioههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههopy.  Even if you are not a     model railroad enthusaist, there are files on this program that   could be very useful, especially if you have children or          grandchildren.\\.            -Faye B. Deere\\\\Swift's PowerPAINT       program, you can build your own  railroad, complete with fancy    railroad cars; and then print it out.  You can use the Railroad   labels that Norman has provided  to make your own mailing labels. You can also use the sprites for letterheads, and decora-\\tions on varioz$N'S RAILROAD, by      Norman Castro, 809W 33rd Avenue, Bellevue, NE 68005, will be just what the doctor ordered. When    you BOOT the program, you are    treated to a mode`11~03,37\N\C\\NORMAN'S RAILROAD\\\A\\\    If you are a model railroad buff, NORMAN'S RAILROAD, by      Norman Castro, 809W 33rd Avenue, Bellevue, NE 68005, will be just what the doctor ordered. When    you BOOT the program, you are    treated to a munity.\\\    If you feel you have a      grievence, write to Herman. Tell him the nature of your problem,  giving as much infor-\\mation as you can. Remember that Herman is not being paid for     this service, so please enclose  a SASE for a reply.  Let's see   if we can put people who are NOT providing us with competent      service in a difficult           position.\\\\.            Faye B. Deere\\\\ost of the  people who distribute ADAM       programs in the ADAM community   are not professionals, aus publications,   adver-\\tisements and bulletins. There   is a model train inventory       program and work sheets that can be printed out in the            SmartWRITER mode. \\\    This is a very cute, useful program with over 125K of files, programs, etc.  To use it,       however, you must have           PowerPAINT, and at least a 64K   memory expander board.  NORMAN'S RAILROAD sells for only $10 plus $2 shipping and handling for     disk copies, and $12 plus        shipping and handling for a tape cههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههz$wift's SHOWOFF II to write the  articles for this newsletter.    Sol said it was not one of his   favorite programs, as it had a   number of "bugs" in it. However, it did `11~03,37\N\C\\MOVING AROUND IN SHOWOFF II\\\A\\\    As you know, I use Solomon  Swift's SHOWOFF II to write the  articles for this newsletter.    Sol said it was not one of his   favorite programs, as it had a   number of "bugs" in it. However, it dmove it    all from memory.  To completely  clear all of ADAM's memory, you  must shut the computer OFF, then turn it back ON.\\\    I quickly SAVEd the revised text, LOADed SHOWOFF II, and     printed out the column.  I guess the moral to this story would    be; if you need to MOVE text,    DON'T try to do it within        SHOWOFF II.\\\\.            -Faye B. Deere\\d played the little song it    plays while LOADing the balance  of the program.  The program     didn't LOAD.  The song just kept playing..  I needed to MOVE a block of text in an article from one place to another.  When I    had marked the text to be moved, and pressed MOVE, I immediately  found myself in the Electric     Typewriter mode instead of in    SHOWOFF II.  It was a good thing I had SAVEd the text before I    tried moving that section of the article.\\\    I re-BOOTed SHOWOFF II, and again tried moving the text.     This time, my ADAM locked up on  me.  I thought the computer      might be overheated since I had  been using it forهههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه  Pulling the re-set key apparently did not erase all of  SHOWOFF II from ADAM's memory,   and it kept trying to kick in.   \\\    Exasperated, I thought      something must be wrong with the computer.  I shut the ADAM off,  turned it back on, and tried to  MOVE the text in SmartWRITER     mode, just to see what would     happen.  It MOVEed just fine!    Evidently, Sol wrote SHOWOFF II  so it utilizes some of the same  memory that ADAM uses when it    MOVEs text, and pulling the      re-set key does not reid what I wanted it to do,   and that's all that mattered to  me.  SHOWOFF II would justify    both sides of the column,        proportionally space the         characters, move the lines       closer together; and even give   me a compressed printing mode if I needed it.  I was in writer's  heaven.\\\    I have now found something  I CAN'T do in SHOWOFF II, and    this must be one of the "bugs"   that Sol was talking about.  I   think it has something to do     with the way Sol utilizes the    ADAM memoryهههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه a while, so I  shut it down and left it for a   couple of hours.  I came back,   LOADed SHOWOFF II, and attempted to MOVE the text.  Again, my     ADAM locked up!  I pulled the    re-set key, and went into the    SmartWRITER mode.  I HI-LITEd    the text while in SmartWRITER    mode, and pressed MOVE.\\\    To my surprise, SHOWOFF II  gave me the introductory screen, and played the little song it    plays while LOADing the balance  of the program.  The program     didn't LOAD.  The song just kept playing.z$ correction  to make.  In the last            newsletter, I told you where to  get a QUICK-TEL modem to use in  your ADAM computer.  The only    problem is that I told you`11~03,37\N\C\\THINGS I THOUGHT\\YOU MIGHT LIKE TO KNOW\\\A\\\    First, I have a correction  to make.  In the last            newsletter, I told you where to  get a QUICK-TEL modem to use in  your ADAM computer.  The only    problem is that I told er case without    changing the top row containing  the numbers.  To switch back,    operate the same keys.           Unfortunately, this does not     work with TDOS.  If there is a   method that will do this, please let us know.\\\\.            -Faye B. Deere\\\\alters Software Co. programs    that utilize a printer driver    for a dot matrix printer, this   may interest you.  Jim Walters   has upgraded his programs so     they can accommodate the newer   24-pin dot matrix printers.  If  you have purcew   Easter graphics package very     soon.\\\    Most of us know that a      lightening storm can be deadly   to our ADAM computers if the     lightening strikes close enough. You should unplug your ADAM as   soon as you see that first bolt  of lightening.  In the summer, I automatically unplug my ADAM     before I go to bed, or leave the house.  If you have a modem      hooked up in your ADAM, you must also unplug the phone line       connected to the modem when you  unplug the electric cord.  If    ligh to be able to store the file on disk/tape.  In most  cases, it is a good idea to give the file a name that gives you   an idea what the file consists   of, and the name can be no       longer than 10 characters.\\\    The name assigned to a file can include all uppercase        letters, all lowercase letters,  or a combination of both.  These names can also include many      special characters including:\\\    ! @ # $ %    & + \\When you SAVE a file while       working in the SmartBASIC mode,  the lethased a 24-pin      printer, get in touch with Jim   at R.D.#4, Box 289-A,            Titusville, PA 16354, (814)      827-3776.  The upgrade is free.  All you pay for is the shipping  and handling.\\\    I saw an interesting item   in the Sept/Oct. 1991 issue of   the MTAG Express concerning      CP/M.  I'm not sure who wrote    it, but I think it may have been Ron West.  Anyhow, it says:  in  CP/M, pressing the CONTROL key   and the UP ARROW key at the same time will put your lower case    letters in uppyou to    get in touch with the wrong      person.  The QUICK-TEL modem is  stocked by Alan Neeley of        ADAM-LINK of Utah, 2337 South    600 East, Salt Lake, Utah 84106, (801).  I understand the 1200    baud modem sells for $75, and    the 2400 baud type sells for     $115.  Each carries a five year  warranty.\\\    Some months ago, EyeZod     Graphics asked me what I would   like to see on an Easter         package.  I offered a couple of  small suggestions, and I think   we will be hearing about a nz$ can consist of a       program, which is called a       program file; or it can be a     collection of data, comprising a data file. You must assign all   files a name to`11~03,37\N\C\\SMARTBASIC WORKSHOP\\\A\\\    A FILE is a collection of   data.  It can consist of a       program, which is called a       program file; or it can be a     collection of data, comprising a data file. You must assign all   files a nametening strikes, the phone    line can burn out your ADAM just the same as the electrical       wiring.  To make sure nothing    scrambles ADAM's brains, unplug  the telephone line at the same   time you pull the electric       plug!\\\    If you are using any of the Walters Software Co. programs    that utilize a printer driver    for a dot matrix printer, this   may interest you.  Jim Walters   has upgraded his programs so     they can accommodate the newer   24-pin dot matrix printers.  If  you have purcter A is assigned to that file, which designates it as a   SmartBASIC file.\\\    You can later SAVE a        revised copy of the same file,   but the original saved copy of   the file then becomes an "a"     file, indicating that it is a    backup file.  The "a" files      cannot be accessed through BASIC except under special conditions  which we will go into later.     They CAN, however, be accessed   through Smart-\\WRITER.  If you SAVE the same    file the third time, the first   version of that file ههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههMPT (]) is displayed  on your screen followed by the   blinking cursor.  This indicates that ADAM is again ready for you to enter a command.\\\    The file named LOVE is now  stored on tape/disk ready to be  used again at any time.  All you have to do to use that file is   type "LOAD LOVE", and the        computer will insert LOVE into   the computer memory for use. You can now revise that file, or use it by typing RUN.  If you don"t  want to revise the program in    any way and simply want to       utiliz\10 REM * Volume Name Changer\\20 REM * Does NOT INIT medium\\50 LOMEM:34000:TEXT\\100 DATA                         62,0,1,0,0,17,1,0,33,0,212,205\\\     ,243,252,50,255,107,201\\110 FOR x=27600 TO 27617:READ    ml:POKE\\\     x,ml:NEXT\\120 DATA Tape one,Disk one,Exit  program\\130 FOR x=1 TO 3:READ            menu$(x):NEXT\\140 start=54272\\150 POKE 16149,255:POKE 16150,   255\\200 VTAB 2:HTAB 2:INVERSE:PRINT  "\\\      VOLUME NAME CHANGER"\\210 NORMAL:VTAB 4:HTAB 2:PRINT   "Which\\\     opههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههcan no      longer be reached, and the       previous "A" file then becomes   the "a", or backup file.\\\    We are going to name an     imaginary file LOVE.  This will  be the name of the file          currently stored in the computer memory.  When we  SAVE the file  named LOVE, we are making a      permanent copy of that file on a tape/disk to be used later.  To  SAVE the file, we type "SAVE     LOVE".  The computer then SAVEs  the LOVE file to a tape/disk.    When it is finished SAVEing the  file, a PROz$s automatically named    FIRST DIR.  This program changes the volume name to anything you  want, as long as you don't use   more than 12 characters or       spaces.\\\\1 `11~03,37\N\C\\VOLUME NAME CHANGER\\\A\\\    When you format a disk, the Volume is automatically named    FIRST DIR.  This program changes the volume name to anything you  want, as long as you don't use   more than 12 characters or       spaces.\\\e the file, type RUN LOVE. The file will then LOAD and      begin to RUN without any further input from you.  When you type   the name of the file, however,   you must remember to type the    name EXACTLY as it appears in    the CATALOG listing.  Otherwise, you will get an error message    stating "File Not Found".\\.            -Faye B. Deere\\\\sed later.  To  SAVE the file, we type "SAVE     LOVE".  The computer then SAVEs  the LOVE file to a tape/disk.    When it is finished SAVEing the  file, a PROtion?":VTAB 6\\220 FOR x=1 TO 3:PRINT " ";x;" = ";\\\     menu$(x):NEXT\\230 GET key$:IF key$<"1" OR      key$>"2"\\\     GOTO 10000\\240 IF key$="1" THEN dv%=8\\250 IF key$="2" THEN dv%=4\\260 dv$=menu$(VAL(key$)):POKE    27601,\\\     dv%\\270 VTAB 10:PRINT " Press        <RETURN>\\\     when ";LEFT$(dv$,4)\\280 PRINT " is ready . . ."\\290 GET key$:IF key$<>CHR$(13)   GOTO\\\     10000\\400 CALL 27600:IF                PEEK(27647)<>128\\\     GOTO 10010\\410 IF PEEK(start+13)<>85 GOTO   1an press the RETURNkey, and your  cursor goes to thenext line.  On some  other compu-ters this key is marked ENTER. Itdoes the same thing.   The reason  is, that  when youpress  RETURN (or ENTER) you  aretelling ADAM that you wish to endthe line  you are on, and for himto GO to  the next line.  You arealso  telling him  to  ENTER thisinformation in  his memory (RAM).So  ONE command has  TWO effects.Place a "CR" (carriage RETURN) atthe end of any line or paragraph,or at the  END of an article 46:CALL 27600\\660 VTAB 20:PRINT " Volume name  is\\\     changed.":END\\10000 TEXT:PRINT " Program \\\      terminated.":END\\10010 TEXT:PRINT " CAN NOT       ACCESS ";\\\      dv$;".":END\\\\v$=menu$(VAL(key$)):POKE    27601,\\\     dv%\\270 VTAB 10:PRINT " Press        <RETURN>\\\     when ";LEFT$(dv$,4)\\280 PRINT " is ready . . ."\\290 GET key$:IF key$<>CHR$(13)   GOTO\\\     10000\\400 CALL 27600:IF                PEEK(27647)<>128\\\     GOTO 10010\\410 IF PEEK(start+13)<>85 GOTO   1inted out).  You probablywill have  to repeat  the "clear"process three times per column.   Then, after you  readjust  thepaper for the next column, you goahead and press  PRINT, "V", "V",just like before, and  print  thesecond column  right beside  yourfirst column.  If you  have  morethan two columns, you just changethe margins  back  to  5 & 38, orwhatever you had before; and con-tinue, using the same process.   This may sound a bit confusingat first, but after you try it, Ifeel sure you w–%iage Return"  key(or throw  the lever, if  it is amanual machine)  when you  get tothe end  of the line, and want togo to the next one. With the ADAMcomputer you can ---------WORD PROCESSING---------   When you use a typewriter, youpress the  "Carriage Return"  key(or throw  the lever, if  it is amanual machine)  when you  get tothe end  of the line, and want togo to the next one. With the ADAMcomputer you c0010\\420 IF PEEK(start+14)<>170 GOTO  10010\\500 vn$="":FOR x=0 TO            11:pk=PEEK\\\     (start+x)\\510 ON pk=3 GOTO                 520:vn$=vn$+CHR$\\\     (pk):NEXT\\520 VTAB 14:PRINT " Volume name  is:\\\     ";vn$\\600 VTAB 16:PRINT " What new     volume\\\     name do you "\\610 INPUT " want to use? ";vv$\\620 lev=LEN(vv$):IF lev>12 THEN  lev=12\\630 FOR x=0 TO 11:POKE start+x,  32:NEXT\\640 FOR x=1 TO lev:POKE          start+x-1,\\\     ASC(MID$(vv$,x, 1)):NEXT\\650 POKE 27612,2or aletter.  Failure do so  CAN causeyou problems at times.   When you columnize an article,and it too long  to fit on a pageas one column, you can  print thesecond (or 3rd, etc.)  column  byESCAPEing, then changing the mar-gins of your column to 42 & 75 orwhatever you wish.  Then move thetop line of the REST of the arti-cle down below the screen margin,and by using the  CLEAR key, fol-lowed  by  "V" (CLEAR SCREEN) and"VI" (FINAL  CLEAR), you  "erase"the text ABOVE (that you have al-ready pr0010\\420 IF PEEK(start+14)<>170 GOTO  10010\\500 vn$="":FOR x=0 TO            11:pk=PEEK\\\     (start+x)\\510 ON pk=3 GOTO                 520:vn$=vn$+CHR$\\\     (pk):NEXT\\520 VTAB 14:PRINT " Volume name  is:\\\     ";vn$\\600 VTAB 16:PRINT " What new     volume\\\     name do you "\\610 INPUT " want to use? ";vv$\\620 lev=LEN(vv$):IF lev>12 THEN  lev=12\\630 FOR x=0 TO 11:POKE start+x,  32:NEXT\\640 FOR x=1 TO lev:POKE          start+x-1,\\\     ASC(MID$(vv$,x, 1)):NEXT\\650 POKE 27612,2ill get the idea.   Just be sure you  SAVE the ar-ticle BEFORE you begin to experi-ment; and  you can  always get itback, if you make a mistake!                         -----NJD)  column  byESCAPEing, then changing the mar-gins of your column to 42 & 75 orwhatever you wish.  Then move thetop line of the REST of the arti-cle down below the screen margin,and by using the  CLEAR key, fol-lowed  by  "V" (CLEAR SCREEN) and"VI" (FINAL  CLEAR), you  "erase"the text ABOVE (that you have al-ready prhen a patch to support single sided and double sided disk         drives.  A few more patches corrected bugs in the allocation vector sizes    for the expansion RAM which was used as a virtual disk.  A patch was also    developed to provide support for 80 column video cards; previously, we used  a 32 column TV screen.  My interest in CP/M was growing, and I had acquired  knowledge of Z-80 code through the total DISASSEMBLY and fixing of the       BASIC that came with our machine.  Modem programs became avai‚Mےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                           THE DEVELOPMENT OF TDOS                              By Guy CousineauTDOS has a long story.  This article outlines the steps which led to the     development of this operating system.  Although it may be of limited use to  items.After having such success with that project, we decided to work on the       BDOS.  Tony looked at P2DOS, SUPER BDOS, etc.  He found merits in all those  but we thought we could do better.  BAsing ourselves on these fine systems,  we developed a BDOS much similar to these two but dispensed, at the time,    with keyboard scanning (which killed type-ahead) and time stamping.          Automatic disk logging in was one of the main features we wanted.  That      first crack at the BDOS was relatively eong time friend, bought an ADAM and   became interested in CP/M.  He worked on it from tape for a while; in the    meantime, I was still working in BASIC.  Once disk drives became available,  Tony pursued his interest in CP/M and started work in improving the          operating system, especially the BIOS which was not flexible enough to       handle all the devices that were, by then, becoming available for the ADAM.A patch for the BIOS was developed to provide support for a parallel         printer.  Tinted out).  You probablywill have  to repeat  the "clear"process three times per column.   Then, after you  readjust  thepaper for the next column, you goahead and press  PRINT, "V", "V",just like before, and  print  thesecond column  right beside  yourfirst column.  If you  have  morethan two columns, you just changethe margins  back  to  5 & 38, orwhatever you had before; and con-tinue, using the same process.   This may sound a bit confusingat first, but after you try it, Ifeel sure you wlable for CP/M  and we started acquiring CP/M software for the ADAM.  One of the more        useful one was a Z-80 assembler.Tony embarked on a project which I thought at the time was a futile          endeavour.  He decided to re-write the CCP.  As he worked on it, I helped    him debug, re-write, and compress some of the routines.  Finally, we came    up with a 2K CCP which included a sorted directory function, a built-in      copy command which supported 'du', direct drive/user change, and a few more  some people, it can serve to show just what you can do when you set your     mind to it.Several years back (I have no memory for dates), COLECO introduced the ADAM  computer.  At he time, it was one of the great buys in the home computer     arena.  Some of the early software that was available for it was CP/M 2.2.   Unfortunately, when working with tape drives, CP/M was at best unfriendly.   I had a look at it and said "what can I do with this?" and shelved it.Several months later, Tony Morehen, a lasy and we installed the new BDOS    and CCP on our system.....now we were playing with power.We were then ready for the big task...the BIOS.  We worked on a combination  32column/80column system and re-wrote the entire BIOS, speeding up disk      drivers, making support for 4 different disk formats which were now          available.  Now that we had the entire system in source code, we were        finally able to get away from the SYSGEN - SAVE - DDT - LOAD - GO  sequence  which made patch installationsDOS now comes with a complete set of utilities:change the user area of a file without copying itchange directory by named directorysort directory but put NAMES first to speed up the change directory command  prepare directory for date stampingformat with sysgen and clear directory optionsset date (for those without clocks)I/O BYTE setting so we don't need STAT.COMlogical disk size changes to temporarily read other logical formats search   path modificationstime/date directory with command line daturs, macro key configurations, I/O byte settings, etc. prior to          installing the system.  Now the user did not need to install patches at      all.  When system configuration changed, they only needed to re-install the  system.SUBMIT was another thorn in our side.  IT WAS SLOW!  We worked on a new      type of submit which worked like BAT files in MS-DOS.  File date stamping    was introduced.  Support for 32 users became a necessity when we developed   the software for a hard drive controller carng and the other advanced features.The nice thing about TDOS is that is is FREE.  We would have done it just    for ourselves anyway, so why not share it.  Its development has taught me a  great deal about machine language programming.  I am also becoming an        expert on writing FAST and COMPACT code.  Now that I have the CP/M bug, I    don't know why I would ever want to change operating systems. Guy Cousineau 1059 Hindley Street OTTAWA Canada K2B 5L9erfaces, hard   drives with 4 or 5 partitions, etc.Terminal installation also became a problem.  Inexperienced users were       having difficulty installing programs for 10 or so different 80 column       terminals.  We developed a standard header for ALL TDOS programs.  Each      user requires one terminal overlay which he can MLOAD to all our programs.   We extended this approach to our generic CP/M development.  This has made    it quite easy for the average person to install and use our programs.T very tedious.  We could now append a SYSGEN   function to the code which would install the entire system in one pass.  By  that time, we had discovered that the Video Display Processor was capable    of handling a 40 column display.  I started to work on patching that         support code in...  eventually, we dropped the 32 column mode altogether.Development did not stop there.  Tony wrote an installation program which    would ask you about disk drive sizes, serial port settings, default          coloe maskThese utilities along with the TDOS system replace all the utilities which   came with CP/M 2.2.  We have also written several other utilities to help    get the most productivity out of CP/M.  Some of latest TDOS development      include ZCPR.  A few people use it but I find that with what we have in      TDOS right now, we don't need to go to ZCPR unless we want to use some of    the advanced features of that system.  Our next project is to go to CP/M     3.x emulation by introducing bank switchid.  Finally, the installation    program was made smarter by scanning the network and configuring the system  based on the devices which it found.  We added named directories which came  in very handy on a hard drive.We ran into incompatibility problems:  different disk drive specifications,  different hard drive interfaces, different clock chips, different 80 column  installations, etc.  TDOS is now available in several configurations to      handle 80 or 40 columns, version 1 or 2 of the hard drive int‚Nےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                               TRIVIA PROGRAM                              BY GUY COUSINEAUWe have been bombarded with trivia over the last several years;               unfortunately, most of it is american.  Now we have CANADIAN CONTENT.  My     quone, immediately.         Miracles take a bit longer.Let's keep this project going for the good of ADAM.  Think of what you use   your ADAM for and what you want to use it for.  Think also of what           frustrates you when you use your computer.  Formulate an idea along these    lines:    I use my ADAM to:    I use the folowing software/hardware:    It does this well:    It does not handle:Once you get something under the last heading, you have a wish list item.    Describe your WISH ar CP/M but can be made self booting so you don't need to      know anything about CP/M to use it.  The self booting versions require 3      single sided disks or two double sided disks.  Non self booting versions  can be distributed on a single sided disk in a library.Up to 8 people can play and individual high scores are maintained in a file   so you can track your progress.  For experienced TDOS users, TRIVIA also      includes the tools required to build your own trivia question files.   So you can cre and hardware combinations or between   'files' created by different software.  We should be able to transport       information from one environment ot another with minimum difficuty.Let's keep ADAM growing. Guy Cousineau Special projects and Wish List coordinator 1059 Hindley Street OTTAWA Canada K2B 5L9of Z-80 code through the total DISASSEMBLY and fixing of the       BASIC that came with our machine.  Modem programs became avai‚Mےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےے                              ADAM WISH LISTFor over six months now, the ADAM wish list project has been gathering       steam.  I have received several requests and believe it or not, most of      them have been answered.  The impossible has been destion files concern events happening in Canada, or events that have        happened elsewhere involving Canadians.  Here is your opportunity to test     your knowledge and learn a bit more about Canada.The questions are not grouped in categories.  At any given time, you may get  a question on the following:        Politics        Geography       History        Inventions      Film            TV        Song            Sports          Business        Structures      General triviaTrivia runs undes clearly as possible and forward it to me either        through your local user's group or directly.  Your wish will beput on the    list, analysed, and acted upon as quickly as possible.  If the request is    beyond my realm of expertise, I will refer it to someone who is willing and  able to tackle it.  It may also turn out that you will be pointed to         existing sources that can solve your problem.Request can involve hardware or software.  They can relate to incompatibility between some softwareate TRIVIA about GEORGIA, BARRY WILSON, THE GULF WAR, or  whatever     your heart desires.Best of all, TRIVIA is free.  If you would like a copy, please send the       required number of disks to the address below.  If you have only DATAPACKS,   please send two. Guy Cousineau 1059 Hindley Street OTTAWA Canada K2B 5L9of Z-80 code through the total DISASSEMBLY and fixing of the       BASIC that came with our machine.  Modem programs became avai                        The Logo Notebook


by R.H. Mitchell

We will spend this article and the next tying up a few loose ends 
so as to be in reasonable shape to return to our tutorial as soon 
as possible. We now have a few Logo tools at our disposal and we 
should be able to do something useful......soon.

In the last edition of the notebook, the operation FIRST was 
introduced as a means of converting user input from the keyboard 
to a numerical value.

MAKE "X FIRST RL

LOGO would next 
keypress, the usual ? prompt would return.x+y

And I would have had the answer. So how do we get LOGO to do what 
SmartBASIC does so handily; ie. tell the difference between 
numerical variables and string variables? READLIST doesn't seem 
to care what it takes as input.

The answer lies in the operation FIRST, although not one author 
in 4 LOGO books explains why.

FIRST, according to the book, outputs the firstndented.)

MAKE "X [RON MITCHELL]

PR :X

    RON MITCHELL

PR FIRST :X

    RON

PR LAST :X

    MITCHELL

PR BUTFIRST :X

    MITCHELL

PR BUTLAST :X

    RON

And there we have it; a means of picking out the first and last 
elements of a string. We could also assign the parts of the 
string represented by :X to other variables:


MAKE "Y FIRST :X

PRINT :Y

    RON

MAKE "Z LAST :X

PRINT :Z

    MITCHELL

So much for first and last. What about the middle. You kno the last element (BUTLAST). 

It would seem that if we want to pick out elements of a LOGO list 
in between the first and the last, we're on our own. Your 
assignment was to write a LOGO procedure that would perform the 
task. How did you make out?

Here's mine. It may not be the only answer, but it does work.

Procedure to simulate Smartbasic's MID$ command in LOGO

TO MID :X :Y :Z
MAKE "J 0
MAKE "TEMP []
MAKE "OUT []
DO.IT
END

TO DO.IT
IF :J < :Z [MAKE "A :Y + :J 
MAKE "TEMP ITEM :M and COUNT are both operations. They out their 
value to the command PRINT. If we were to type 

COUNT :Z

We would get an error message:

    YOU DON'T SAY WHAT TO DO WITH 8

FIRST, LAST, BUTFIRST and BUTLAST are also operations.

One last operation: READCHAR or RC.

RC also gets input from the keyboard, but the input is limited to 
one keypress. RETURN is not required.

As a very simple example, you could type

MAKE "A READCHAR 

The screen would freeze up waiting for input. With the then wait for the user to input something, a number, a 
letter, a word, a list, something. Termination of this input 
occurs when the user presses <RETURN>.

FIRST is known in LOGO as an OBJECT MANIPULATOR. It can break 
down words and lists into pieces. If you thinking SmartBASIC, you 
will immediately think of the reserved words LEFT$ and RIGHT$.  
In LOGO you use FIRST, BUTFIRST, LAST and BUTLAST. Some examples.

(Note.... What you type in is capitalized. What LOGO replies is 
capitalized and i                        THE LOGO NOTEBOOK

                        by R.H. Mitchell

Last article (issue 6.1), I gave you an assignment. If you 
recall, we were saying that LOGO has no means of picking out 
characters within a string. There is a LOGO primitive to 
determine the first element of a LOGO list (FIRST), and there is 
another primitive that will give you the last element of the list 
(LAST). We even have primitives that will pick out everything but 
the first element (BUTFIRST) orw that 
SmartBASIC has a means of picking out various portions of the 
string. MID$(X$,3,4) would pick out the third, fourth, fifth and 
sixth characters of the string X$.

Achieving the same thing in LOGO takes a little more work. Going 
back to our variable :Z we could say

PR ITEM 3 :Z

    T

And then, to determine the length of the string:

PR COUNT :Z

    8

See if you can devise a LOGO procedure that will perform the same 
function as the SmartBASIC function MID$.

Note that ITEA :X MAKE 
"OUT SENTENCE :OUT :TEMP MAKE
"J :J+1 DO.IT] [PR :OUT]
END

All of which is sufficient to generate several paragraphs of 
explanation.

Note that there is not just one procedure here but two. The 
procedure MID initializes 3 variables and then transfers control 
to the procedure DO.IT. But we're getting ahead of ourselves.

The Smartbasic enthusiasts will know that the command 
MID$(X$,y,z) requires three inputs to do its job. The first is 
the string to be considered (here referredfalse. DO.IT branches 
to the 'not true' instruction list which is simply to print the 
variable "OUT.

MID "MITCHELL" 5 4

Clear as mud? 
Disregard the last two lines...I'm being silly. Note however that 
in this case "X is a list made up of two elements, PRANCER DANCER 
and "Y is a list also made up of two elements, SANTA CLAUS. So 
FIRST :X would be PRANCER and FIRST :Y would be ....(yntered, the reply will be the same as 
Smartbasic gave you.

DO.IT consists of two parts. Recall the syntax for the 
conditional IF:

IF [INSTRUCTIONLIST] [INSTRUCTIONLIST]

or

IF condition [true then do something] [false do something else]

In this case the condition is :J < :Z

:Z is obtained from the user as an input when the procedure MID 
is invoked, and :J, a counter, increments by 1 each time DO.IT is 
called. So all J is doing is counting the number of characters in 
the string projust type ECHO at the system MAIN prompt. Once in the system the caller will see messages indicating the Echo system is processing data (this only takes a second). Once inside a user will then see the following:A-NET ECHO: VERSION 1.7B 'ACS'DIST. BY      : STEVE MAJORMESSAGES   :987 AVAILABLENEW MSGS. :16 AVAILABLEThe first and second lines display the version number and the distributor of the software. On the third line we can see how many total A-NET ECHO messages are on-line and can be accessed bypointed to by :A . We then set up another variable "OUT to 
hold the accumulated value of the string obtained so far. Each 
time DO.IT is called, it adds to "OUT the value of "TEMP thereby 
combining the desired elements of the string. This process of 
concatenation is accomplished using the LOGO primitive SENTENCE.

MAKE "OUT SENTENCE :OUT :TEMP

adds each new character to the previous ones

Finally, after :Y repetitions of DO.IT :J is equal to :Z, the 
procedure terminates and the condition is  to as X$) followed by 
the position in the string at which to begin counting (y) and the 
number of characters in the string to count (z). If you told 
Smartbasic to:

PRINT MID$("MITCHELL",2,4) 
 
the interpreter would reply:

ITCH

My procedure in LOGO will do the same thing. The syntax is:

MID "MITCHELL" 2 4

Obviously, if you try this without entering the procedures MID 
and DO.IT as you see them above, you'll get a protest from LOGO:

I DON'T KNOW HOW TO MID

With the procedures eTHE A-NET ECHO & YOU"A Guide Through The System"By: Steve MajorAuthor of the A-NET ECHO AreaThis article is based on version 1.7BWhat is the A-NET ECHO?It is a system designed for the A-NET BBS that lets a user post and read messages from any participating system. The ability of this feature lets the user access hundreds of users and messages from any A-NET that is in the network, without  calling them all!Accessing the Echo:To access the A-NET ECHO area on any A-NET BBS that offers this service, cessed so far.

As long as :J is smaller than the maximum number of characters to 
be counted, the procedure DO.IT will call itself. This is known 
as recursion. 

As long as :J is smaller than the maximum number of characters to 
be counted, the variable "A is given a value equal to the value 
of :Y - an input given by the user - plus the value of :J - the 
number of characters that have already been counted. A temporary 
variable "TEMP is then assigned the value of the character in the 
string  the caller. Next, a feature that is new on the A-NET, is how many new messages are available since the user last called. Finally the caller will see the main prompt of the system:(255 Min. Left/[?] For Options)A-NET ECHO MESSAGES:The first small command line shows the user how much time is left available and to type a [?] for the options of the A-NET ECHO. The following is a listing of all the commands found in version 1.7B grouped by various functions. (A [bracket] enclosing a letter is an actual colike to start reading. It will also display the number of the message the user last read while on the echo. Once the option is selected, the header will be displayed followed by:MESSAGE OPTIONS:([Y]/N/Q/R/C/J/?):OPTION:At this point the user decides what to be done with the header. Does the user want to: [Y] read the message contents; [N] skip the message and go to the next; [Q] quit to the "A-NET ECHO MESSAGES" prompt; [R] reply to the previously  viewed header; [C] go into continuous read function (commands to exit the echo and visit different areas of the host BBS. [Q] exits to the BBS MAIN; [X] exits to the area a user was last in; [M] will bring the caller to the private message section of the BBS; and [B] will go to the local public messages of the host system.[C], [F], [O], [+] commands are standard on all A-NET BBS systems. [C] is a chat request with the Sysop; [F] can be used to leave system feedback; and [O] & [+] are log-off commands.Reading Echo Messages:When a user reads echo messages't allow reading of message text.[SN] is a combination of the [N] and [S] commands, in that it lets a user scan just the new headers since the last call.[RC] is the command used the read all of the messages from a specific start message number with none of the "OPTIONS" [R] offers. Headers are displayed followed immediately by the message text until all of the remaining messages are read.[CN] functions like the [RC] command, but starts reading at the new messages since last call. It is also the same f line a user would see who the message is addressed to. Next, is who the message was posted by. If the message happened to be posted by a Sysop of an A-NET, that information is included in the brackets after the name. The final two lines are information about where the message came from. Just by looking at that information a user can find: where the BBS was located, its phone number, and the name of that echo BBS.[R] will let the user read the messages. The system will ask at which message the user would mmand that could be used):Basic System Functions:[A], [W] are two different text files available on the echo system that gives some valuable information. [A] is a small information file that usually contains information on the current echo version being run on the system. A caller should read this file whenever an A-NET ECHO system upgrade is noticed. [W] is a telephone book type directory of all the users who can be contacted through the echo system and is updated periodically.[Q], [X], [M], [B] are listed below); [J] jump the any active message number; or [?] get a small help menu of the above options. Once the option is selected and that function is carried out, the system will repeat the above until the last message header has been shown.[N] functions exactly like the [R] function, except that it automatically starts displaying headers of all the new messages since the user last called.[S] will let a user scan just the headers of the messages. It functions exactly like the [R] command, but doesn, all of them will have a "header" that will give a user some important details.  Headers on the A-NET ECHO appear like this:MSG.#:706SUBJ. :A-NET SOFTWARE [REPLY]TO       :ALAN NEELEY [SYSOP AN]FROM  :STEVE MAJOR [SYSOP TC]ORIGIN:THE CONNECTION BBS [CHAMPLAIN NY]PHONE:(518)/298-4294The first line displays the number of the message that is currently being read. Next, is the subject. If the message is a response to a message that was previously posted, [REPLY] appears after the subject. On the thirdunction in the "OPTIONS" for the [R] command. (Listed as [C]).Entering an A-NET ECHO MESSAGE:[P] Posting an Echo message is rather simple. Upon entering one of the commands listed below, a user is asked for a subject of the message, and then to enter to whom it is for. The message can be for any user or to anyone in general. All posted messages can be read by anyone that has access to the echo message area. The actual portion of the echo that lets a user enter their message text is the standard A-NET Edier's MEDIA  HELPER package. It first appeared in the December, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter, under John's column head (Random Access: THE HARRIS FILE). ForFun1291 H   This is the second in the series by Pat Herrington entitled "JUST FOR FUN... the series especially for kids, people who have kids, and people who act like kids." This segment explains how to make "Find The Twins" graphic puzzles  using PowerPAINT and any compatible clip file. The article originally   appeared in the December, 1991 MOA a [REPLY] after the subject in the header. It assumed that when a users uses this option, a message was already read, but not replied to at the time.Final Words by Steve Major:The A-NET ECHO is a complex system to maintain, the time the operators spend sending messages to each other can reach into hours of long-distance phone calls each month. My thanks go out to the dedicated operators of the A-NET BBS systems. They work very hard for the user and expect nothing in return. They are some of the most gefirst printed in the December, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter under his usual column header, "THAT'S RICH!" (this segment subtitled "Mine Eyes Have Seen The GLORY!") It is basically a review of Bold Glory, by EyeZod Graphics. Adam_Eve   H   This article by Bob Slopsema first appeared in the December, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter. It is a very practical guide to using the ADAMLINK 3+  software with the Eve 80 column unit, including a list of parts readily  available from Radio Shack (with prices)9203ANN-1(Thanks to Pat Herrington for the README segments on these MOAUG files. All references to "me" are to Pat.  Her address can be found in some of the articles or in the ANNADD file on these ANN disks.)RICH_Nov91 H   The following article by MOAUG columnist Richard Lefko first appeared in the November, 1991 issue of the MOAUG newsletter, under his column header "That's Rich!" (Alternate title: MUSINGS by RICHARD LEFKO.) HarFIL1291 H   The following article by John Harris is a review of Gary Hoositor.[RP], [R] are the two exceptions to the [P] option. If a user is in the read function of the echo that displays the "OPTIONS", a [R] is present. Tapping [R] will let a user reply to a message. In this case the echo goes immediately into the A-NET Editor with no "Subject" or "To" questions asked. This is because all the needed information is already present from the source message. [RP] is accessed directly from the "A-NET ECHO MESSAGES:" prompt and will function the same as the [P] command except addUG newsletter, and was illustrated by  printed graphic examples. If you'd like to have masters of the graphic  printout, write and I'll send them to you; my address is included in the  article. Or, feel free to photocopy from the MOAUG newsletter. (There's also an idea for the small fry at the end of the article; though it's seasonal, it is adaptable for use with other ideas.) Please encourage the children in your area to help me with this column. RICH_1291  H   The following article by Richard Lefko was nerous people I have met, and they are at your disposal. Please call an ADAM BBS and support us. Our survival depends on you.  itor with no "Subject" or "To" questions asked. This is because all the needed information is already present from the source message. [RP] is accessed directly from the "A-NET ECHO MESSAGES:" prompt and will function the same as the [P] command except add and how-to information. HarFIL_292 H   The following article by John Harris of MOAUG is a review of EOS Directory Sort, by Guy Cousineau. It first appeared in the February, 1992 issue of the MOAUG/463 AUG newsletter under John's usual column header ("Random Access: THE HARRIS FILE") subtitled "Easy as ABC". NEWcontest H   NEW A.N.N. Contest: Announcement by A.N.N. Contest Editor and MOAUG member Lani Brito, published in February 1991  MOAUG/463 AUG newsletter. WORRYwinrs H   Winners of the "Don't Worent to ANN, were not justified when reprinted. In the event some articles are not as  stated here, we will keep you advised.-----Norman DeerePresSy2/92 H   Faye Deere     News of the ANN Ombudsman serviceNormansRR  H   Faye Deere     Review of "Norman's Railroad"Showoff.II H   Faye Deere     Tips for using ShowOff IIThings2/92 H   Faye Deere     Information on various ADAM subjectsSBASIC2/92 H   Faye Deere     Working with filesWdPro22_SW H   Norman Deere   Tips on using SmartWriter===========4 pins. Article was accompanied by  printed illustrations to show height difference; let me know if you need photocopy. =====================================Downloaded by ZONKER for ANNMIDIPART1  A   Ron Collins    A series of lessons on the MIDI.  Part 2 thru 5 follow.=====================================(Thanks to Faye Deere for the README segments on these ECAUG files. All references to "me" are to Faye.  Her address can be found in some of the articles or in the ANNADD file on these ANN disks.)ent to ANN, were not justified when reprinted. In the event some articles are not as  stated here, we will keep you advised.-----Norman DeerePresSy2/92 H   Faye Deere     News of the ANN Ombudsman serviceNormansRR  H   Faye Deere     Review of "Norman's Railroad"Showoff.II H   Faye Deere     Tips for using ShowOff IIThings2/92 H   Faye Deere     Information on various ADAM subjectsSBASIC2/92 H   Faye Deere     Working with filesWdPro22_SW H   Norman Deere   Tips on using SmartWriter===========ion to be LOADed into SmartBASIC and RUN. The file named "NameChangS" is the same file, except that it is set up for printing in SHOWOFF II. This program was printed out in our February issue of AUGER.  Faye DeereAs Faye mentioned, the  files by her are in Showoff II mode. The ones by  me are written in plain old SmartWriter mode.  They are justified right and left however, and  will print out as both justified and columnized, if they are copied in SmartWriter. We noted  that the articles we previously  sry, Be Happy" ANN contest, as  chosen by A.N.N. Contest Editor Lani Brito and published in Feb 1991 MOAUG/463 AUG newsletter. 24_Pin     H   The following article by Pat Herrington first appeared in the February, 1992 issue of the MOAUG/463 newsletter under the title "A Silly Millimeter Longer" (subtitled "Notes on 24 Pin Printers.") The article discusses the Panasonic  KX-P1124 and the unique aspects of such printers, problems encountered, partial solutions, new hardware and software designed to access 2==========================From Guy Cousineau.  Thanks to Guy for these README segments.tdosHIST   H  A short history of the development of TDOSwishlist   H  More on the ADAM wish listtrivia     H  A new trivia program for the ADAM=====================================From Ron Mitchell - AUFGLOGO8     A    Part 8 of Ron's Series on LOGOLOGO9      A   Part 9=====================================A-NET_ECHO A   Steve Major    How to get the most out of the A-NET type BBSicles we previously  sThe files written by me were written in SHOWOFF II, and are set up for printing in the SHOWOFF II mode in column format; just as they are.I have included two  SmartBASIC programs. Trapshoot was included on a previous disk, but I had not copied the right file. Therefore, it did not RUN properly. I did some extensive modifications on Trapshoot, and am presenting it again. It should RUN quite well this time.The other SmartBASIC program is Volume Name Changer. The version named "NameChangr" is the BASIC vers