هههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه            Part Three The  fifth  resident command is SAVE and is assigned  to  SmartKEY  V.   This  command does just what the name  would imply.  It saves  a  file  stored in    memory to a disk or data pack.  You won't get much use  from  the  SAVE        command until you get into editing programs.   DDT.COM,  the  debugger program on your master CP/M disk or data pack has the ability  to  load any of the     .COM files on your disk, etc. into memory.   Once  there,  you can alter       program codeFIRST DIR  پUھے BOOT       گDIRECTORY  طadvanced03A€advanced04A	€advanced05A€advanced06Aadvanced07Aadvanced08A#NEW_VENDORA*ن.ADAMCONIVA-!ANN_ADDRESA3AOAUC_DECp4H?ëOAUCp3_DECHB¢OAUC_DECp2HEءOAUCDEC8A I(OAUCDEC7A MyREADNORMCAAQïS2ADAMcon3HTگS_6_ACROSSHY just used DDT.COM to edit a program  on  our disk named TIME.COM.  In     this case, TIME.COM has 13 records in it.   We  change  some  little thing and want to save our   version  of  the  program  under  the  name TIME2.COM after we get  out  of   DDT.   The  command line for this would be: A>SAVE 13 TIME2.COM <cr>.  The sixth resident command is TYPE and is assigned to SmartKEY VI. The  use  of it is just what the name implies... it will type a text file to  your       screen.  Remember that file ca‚OےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThis  article originally appeared in the March 1991 MOAUG  newsletter.   This  header may be deleted.                             ADVANCED CP/M                            by Ron Collins                             ADAM CP/M 2.2                  هههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه any way you like.  The changes  are  only in memory, though, so   your main program is safe from any damage. To create a revised version of a .COM file you have altered, you would  use    the SAVE command along with a new filename  to save the  file  on  your disk   or data pack.  You would also need to know how many  records  you want CP/M to save for you.  We won't go into to much detail now on  record  counts.   We'll just see how to use a record  count  with  our   SAVE command.  Suppose we     have'S_10BAND_RH^مS_22x30_A1Hc8S_1991_GASHhْS_ADAMcon3Hk؛S_AMflyr_1Ho_SamFLYER_SHtS_ANNmediaHuFIDOECHOArHz،.EDIXrevRMA‰		READMETWOA’BLOCKS LEFT–
lled HELP?  If you are  interested  in what it   is, just press the sixth SmartKey, type HELP and then press  the return.  The  command line will look like this: A>TYPE help What you will see on your tv screen or monitor is this:   CP/M 2.2 COMMAND SYNTAX    DIR [dr:] [file]   TYPE [dr:] <file to type>   REN <new> = <old>               ERA [dr:] <file to erase>   USER <new user 0 to 15>   STAT [command line]   PIP [command line]   DDT [command line]   SAVE <pages> [dr:] <file>   DUMP [d, simply type CONTROL P  (which   would   show  up as ^P on your screen)  followed  by  your command  of  TYPE HELP    <return>.  It is easy to see that this is  a very  efficient  operating        system.    MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE: As I began to study that CP/M 2.2 user's guide, I began to learn  some   new   concepts. These were ideas always missed in things like SmartBASIC  but not so clearly that you could put  your finger on it until you saw  how  it "could    have been".  A  perfect example of our SmartWriter printer.  Keep  it in a good location where  you can     refer to it when needed. To facilitate easy hard copy of what you are seeing on your TV screen,  CP/M   has a useful capability built into it.  Just  as in  SmartBASIC,  there  is a  command to turn on the printer and  one to  turn  it  off.   Rather than       trying to remember PR#1 or PR#0  as with  the  SmartBASIC,  you will need to   only remember  one  simple command.  CP/M  constantly  monitors  your          keyboard  as parNT programs of the same name if  you  spell it  different.  You could name it "hEllo" or "heLLo" or any other  combination.    SmartBASIC sees them all as different  programs.   Now,  suppose  you  wanted  to see all of the various spellings of  the  word  hello in your catalog.  How do you go about this in BASIC?  You don't!   We'll  continue on with Ron's article next month, seems that  we  have  run    out  of  room.   I want to thank Ron for his  hard  work  in  the  preparation  of  this series of a  acted  upon. In the case  of printing to the ADAM SmartWriter printer,  simply  press the CONTROL and    the letter P at the same time.  Anything that is  typed  from this point on    will be automaticly  echoed to your  printer  and  typed out on paper.  To     cancel this printing, just use that  same  CONTROL P  combination again.       Everything that you type and everything  that  CP/M  tries  to tell you will   be printed until  this  option  is  cancelled. To  get  a  hard copy of this HELP filer:] <file to dump>   ED [dr:] [file to edit]   LOAD [dr:] <hex file>   ASM <assembler file> [.param]   COPY [dr:] <existing file> [dr:] <new file>   A:[file]   b:[file]   FORMAT <CR>   BACKUP <CR>   CONFIG <CR>   SYSGEN <CR>   ADAM   <CR>   CPMADAM <CR> As you can see, Digital Research and Coleco wanted you to have a quick         reference  in case you ever forgot how to use one  of the commands  or         programs they have supplied.  It is always a good idea  to print  this  list   onto ythis is the  CATALOG  function  of          SmartBASIC.  Have  you ever wanted to boot a program  ...  let's  call it      HELLO, and failed to spell it correctly?   Perhaps  you  typed run hello       <return>.  As we all know, SmartBASIC doesn't care  if  you type "run" or if   you type  "RUN"... it all means the same to  it.   Why then doesn't  it know   that "hello" is the same as "HELLO"?   The reason is obvious to even a casual SmartBASIC user.  You are  able   to    store a wide variety of DIFFEREt of  it's control   over   the  ADAM.   Whenever  you type    something,  CP/M  is right there.... watching  and  waiting to work for you!   Just  typing something (anything) will get some sort of response  when  you    press the return.  If you type a program  name, CP/M  will load it  for  you.   Also  watched  are  references to   any  of  the  built-in  commands          imbedded into the operating system.  All keyboard access  is  constantly       being monitored so that your  every command  can berticles.  He has been one  of  ADAM's  most productive    supporters.   Guest ED, J.P. ew files on 2: and so on. The   biggest advantage to program segregation by user  areas is  that  you    can  keep "like" programs in one place.  You can   even  have  15  files  of   the same name (such as README.TXT) that are   all  different  files that just  happen to have the same name.  The  way to  keep  them  on the same drive and  still be able to use them  is to put eaventions of  the  name are that the filename  can have any  number of letters or  numbers  from 1 to 8.  The filetype  can   have up to only 3 characters in it. To  use  multiple files by the name HELLO  then,  you  could alter the         filetype  of  the various differing files.  You could  use  HELLO.BAS,         HELLO.TXT and even a HELLO.SB1.  CP/M will also  look at the  filetype  and    consider  the three files different.  Now, say we wanted  to  try  that        search of the DIR (CP/M's CATALO‚OےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThis  article originally appeared in the April 1991 MOAUG  newsletter.   This  header may be deleted.                             ADVANCED CP/M                            by Ron Collins                             ADAM CP/M 2.2                  nt it to look for. Wildcard  characters can also be used.  These characters   are  either  the    "?" or the "*" characters.  If you use the "?", it  is only  going  to         represent one letter or number in the filename  or filetype.    For   each     character  in the name, you must use a separate  "?"  character.   The  "*" is used to represent a group  of characters.   Because  these  are  used in a     more general way,  they are considered to be  AMBIGUOUS  commands.   To  use these wildcard  a new  program  to the same disk and user  area called hEllo, a function of CP/M  would  delete the original and place    your  new file in the same location! You could have multiple files called HELLO only by changing the second  part   of a CP/M filename.  The filename always has  two parts  to  it.   The first   part is the one we called HELLO...this is the filename.  The  second part is   known as the filetype. There is always a period present  to  separate the two  parts for you.   A few of the conch one on  a  different  user  area.    You effectively are  in  possession  of  16  different directory areas!   Logging into a different user area is simple.  All you  have to do  is  to     press the USER SmartKey (or just type U S E R) and  a number from 0  to 15.    To move from USER 0 to USER 15, the command line would  appear  as:  A>USER 15 <cr>.  Moving between user areas is simple.  Moving   a  file  from  one user  area to another is another  matter.   I'll   talk  about moving files from one G) to  look for all the  various  HELLO        program files we have on the disk. Let CP/M do the work for you! One  of the more useful features of CP/M is it's ability  to recognize  what   we call wildcard characters.  The manual refers to a command such  as DIR      CAT.COM (which will list the presence of a file called  CAT.COM  on the        current drive/user if it is present) as an UNAMBIGUOUS command.   What  that   means  is that you have been very clear  in  telling  CP/M  exactly what you   wa            Part Four  We  will pick up Ron's article where we left off last month, right  in  the    middle of an interesting discussion.  Guest ED, J.P. CP/M looks at every command no matter what case they are  in when  you  type   them  as  upper  case.  If you type in  lower  case,  CP/M  will  translate it to upper case every time.  The result is that a file name  can only exist in   one form, upper case, at one time.  A program called  HELLO could only be      present once.  If you tried to savecharacters in an example, let's  look for  that         program  we mentioned earlier.  We could always type  the command  DIR         CAT.COM.   We could also type DIR C??.COM which  would also   show  up  files  like CAR.COM, CRT.COM, CLS.COM, etc.  I  tend to  not  use  the  "?"  key,     however.   I don't like to type any  more  letters  than  I  absolutely  have  to.  The "*" is the one character I use to  save  my  fingers.  If  I type DIR C*.*, I will be given all  the  files  listed  above plus thin 32 -- 03/11/88 55046 bytes total TPA space 52998 bytes before overlaying the CCP martBASIC sees them all as different  programs.   Now,  suppose  you  wanted  to see all of the various spellings of  the  word  hello in your catalog.  How do you go about this in BASIC?  You don't!   We'll  continue on with Ron's article next month, seems that  we  have  run    out  of  room.   I want to thank Ron for his  hard  work  in  the  preparation  of  this series of a tool. CP/M as an operating system is very sophisticated, yet  it's also very         simple.  It will only do for you what you ask it to  do  specifically.  It's   built-in commands and many thousands of  useful utility  programs  make  up    quite a "tool box" for the  serious  or casual  users.   I'll  cover some of   those useful utilities in  the next  part of the article  so that you can      begin to get  some  use out of that program you  still  have  sitting  on the  shelf.  In  the meantime,  p For part two of my CP/M articles, James Poulin asked me to write about  my     patches  to  various CP/M programs.   Patches to  make  them  ADAM  compatible programs.  I have, by trial and error, been able to install  a wide variety of software on my home ADAM system. The patches involve such things as the setting of proper screen codes,         altering  drive  attributes, changing file names, etc.  Since  no  two         programs need exactly the same "fine tuning" to work on an ADAM,  I'll  try toticles are advanced CP/M topics and will be very  informative.  I  am        excited with the new material that Ron has provided and am  sure  we will      learn some new tricks too.               GUEST EDITOR'S TIPS by JP Have  you  ever wanted to know just how much memory  you have  available  for  running  programs?  The program TPA32.COM will       report the size of  your  TPA  (Transient Program Area).  After running the    program (I'm using TDOS  4.58),  I get the following report: TPA Versiongs like          CATERWAUL.DOC, etc.  In short, it will list ALL  files  and  ALL filetypes     which  have  the one thing  in  common...  a  letter "C" as the first          character. I  could  also mix them up.  DIR C??.* would only list the  "C"  files  with   three letters in their name and any filetype.  I could  even  do  things  like DIR *.COM or DIR *.BAS or even DIR *.C?M.  If you take  a  few minutes to      think about this, I'm sure you'll  find a few ideas  of  how this could be a   useful‚OےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThis   article  originally  appeared  in  the  May/June   1991   MOAUG         newsletter.  This header may be deleted.                             ADVANCED CP/M                            by Ron Collins                             INTRODUCTION:lease  look  at  the  manual.   Please experiment  a  bit with some of these  simple  tricks  until you get a feel for them. I know it will take time to get comfortable with CP/M but it was  that  way    for  me with every program ever purchased for my ADAM  from   the  very        beginning.  CP/M actually has less to remember  as it  does  much  of the      memory work for you.  Until next time,  keep plugging away!  Next  month  we will begin a new series of articles  by  Ron  Collins.   These ar give you a basic outline of what to do in patching programs for  your ADAMs. In  terms  of patching there are three classes of  changes  a  program  might  need.  The first class is simply one of following supplied  menu  selections   until you have let the INSTALL.COM or equivilent program to  plug in the new   values for you.  The second class is when a program is  supplied with an       overlay file that you must alter for your own  system  needs.   The third and  final class is the type of program I        ^M           ^M           ^M Line Feed           ^J          ^J           ^J           ^J Back Space          ^H          ^H           ^H           ^H  Tab                 ^I          ^I           ^I           ^I Home               Esc H      Esc H         Esc H       Esc A Up                 Esc A      Esc  A         Esc A Down               Esc B      Esc B         Esc B Right              Esc C      or ^L         Esc C         ^F Left               Esc D       Esc D         Esc D         ^U Reverl give you  a  good  working      start  on what codes the native ADAM  TV  display  will  respond to.  This     screen code allocation is not a simple emulation  of  a  well known terminal   as many have thought in the past.  Rather,  the  ADAM's  TV display is a       composite of the ADDS terminal, the DEC  VT-52  and  the Heath/Zenith H19      displays.  Doing a patch for the  ADAM's  TV  display  is not always such an   easy thing to do.  I've found  a  great  contradiction in what works best with diff     Esc K         Esc K        Esc  K Insert Line        Esc L      Esc L         Esc L        Esc M Delete Line        Esc M      Esc M         Esc M        Esc l Insert Character                                         Esc F Insert Char Mode   Esc @      Esc @           Esc Q        Esc F Insrt Char Mod off Esc O      Esc O         Esc @ Delete    Character   Esc N      Esc N         Esc P        Esc E MODE CONTROL Disable Keyboard  Esc }       or ^Q         Esc c          ^Y     Enable Keyboard   Escou can use as  a  reference.   Before  doing   anything else, take a good  look  at  these  codes as you may be using them    yourself soon! *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *   *  *  *                    ESCAPE CODE AND CONTROL CODE TABLE                     ORPHANWARE BUSINESS SYSTEMS                         80 Column Video Unit Emulation           H-19         ADM-3A         BEEHIVE     ADDS 200 CURSOR FUNCTION          ESCAPE AND/OR CONTROL CODES Carriage Return     ^M    have  run  into all too often that is    written specificly for some other  computer  that  uses different screen       codes, etc.  This type is the  hardest  of  all  to "fix" but with a bit of    patience and sticking with  it,  these  too can be patched.                        THE PRELIMINARIES: Before we get started working with our patch programs, we should first  find   out what we need to change in our selected program. A quick  look  in the CP/M 2.2 and ASSEMBLER manual pages D23 to D31 wilse LF         Esc I      Esc I Direct      Cursor Add  Esc Y      Esc =         Esc F,Y     Esc Y Read Cursor Addres Esc  n      Esc n         Esc G,\      Save Cursor Posit  Esc j      Esc j Recall   Curs Posit  Esc k      Esc K EDITING AND ERASING Clear Display      Esc E      or ^Z         Esc E          ^L Erase to Top       Esc b      Esc b Erase to End       Esc J      Esc J         Esc J        Esc k Erase Line         Esc l      Esc l Erase Left          Esc o      Esc o Erase Right        Esc K erent programs. Some I  have  installed as ADDS displays.  On other's, the ADDS didn't "work  right"  but worked just fine when I installed them as a     VT-52! In  each of these cases, no single display patch would give me all  of  the    screen  attributes I wanted.  I generally had to go into  it  and  plug  in a  few Heath screen codes to complete the job.  That's  why  I  say the ADAM's TV display is a composite or hybrid.  I have  assembled  a list of some of the    more popular screen codes that y {       or ^N         Esc b          ^B Reverse Video     Esc p       Esc p         Esc l Normal Video      Esc q       Esc q           Esc m Graphics Mode     Esc F       Esc F         Esc R Exit Graphics Md  Esc  G       Esc G         Esc S Wrap Around ON    Esc v       Esc v Wrap Around    OFF   Esc w       Esc w Alt Char Set      Esc f       Esc f Normal Char Set    Esc g       Esc g Cursor on/off                               Esc Z            Next Char Graphic                                         E  all, there must be a way to erase what is already on   the         screen  before   you  can  put something new on it.   Next,  you  must   have   a  way  of putting  the cursor at the top left corner  of  that  screen so    that  anything new  will  start at the screen's  beginning.   After  that, you need a  way  to type a line and have the cursor  move  down one line for the   next typed  line. Without  this, you will end up  typing over the previous     line over  and  over again. Now,  what  if yorobably  two  of the most often asked questions I  get  from  people.   Well,  simply put, screen codes are ESCAPE codes (those  that  combine  the  ESCAPE  key  to  be followed by  another  keyboard  character  to  initiate an action) and CONTROL codes (those that combine the  CONTROL  key  to  be  followed by   another keyboard  character  to  initiate  an  action).  These codes, no       matter what the type, tell your computer how  to put things onscreen.  While   it may seem that just sending it to then the inverse video.    You  will also  need  a code to  turn  this inverse back off so that the  rest  of  your  letter  isn't  inversed! If  you look at the above ESCAPE code chart you will see some  of  the  uses   of these codes.  Some of them will erase the screen and some  of  them will    home the  cursor to the above left corner of the screen  as  well  as          clearing  the screen.  There are codes that move the  cursor  to the right, to the left,  up or down.  There are some used to insert ‚OےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThis  article originally appeared in the July 1991  MOAUG  newsletter.   This  header may be deleted.                             ADVANCED CP/M                            by Ron Collins we continue where we left off last month...... First   ofsc Z Set Mode       Control  Esc x       Esc x Reset Mode Cont   Esc y       Esc y Set Baud Rate     Esc r       Esc r         Esc 7         Esc A Test Mode         Esc t        Esc t Set CRTC Mode     Esc s       Esc s Reset to Power on State  <--->Esc z         Esc V         Esc s MISCELLANIOUS Escape            ^[            ^[            ^[            ^[   Bell              ^G            ^G            ^G            ^G "What are screen codes anyway?" and "Why do I need to know them?"  are         pu type all the way to the bottom of the screen?   You   will  need   a way of getting the ADAM to "scroll up" for  you.   That  way, you     will get more lines to type on than just the one screen  you  are looking at.   You will  also  need codes that will let you  insert  or delete  something    should changes  in your text be needed.  If  you  wanted to make  something    onscreen more  dominant,  you would want to  use inverse video on some parts   of  your text.   This means you  need  a code to turn o  TV  is all that happens, there is     really far more going on behind  the  scenes, so to speak.   *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  * *** Next month we will    continue with Ron's article, the best is yet to  come.             Guest ED.,  JPas is simple.  Moving   a  file  from  one user  area to another is another  matter.   I'll   talk  about moving files from one  a  letter or a line.    There are  some codes  that  let  you  highlight  words  or even whole         sentences.   If  you  are asked  to  fill in  the  code  for a certain action  when trying  to  install  a  program,   the   ESCAPE CODE chart will give you  an idea of what you  need  to type in.                     INSTALLING WITH "INSTALL.COM" PROGRAM If   you  are  lucky enough to find a file on your new  program   disk         called INSTALL.COM (or a similar name), then you are well on your  wHazeltine Esprit       26) Televideo 912/920/92             11) Kaypro                 27) VISUAL 1050                      12) Lear-Siegler ADM-20    28) Visual 200                       13) Lear-Siegler ADM-31    29) Wyse WY-100/200/300              14) Liberty                30) None of the above                15) Morrow MDT-20          31) Delete a definition              16) Osborne 1                                                                                                                tch just about ANY Turbo Pascal oriented program with  ease.    In  any event,  the  installation is done for you  with  only  your needing  to    select from a list of options.  The normal procedure  is  to type in the name  of  the INSTALL program and press  the  RETURN  key.  You will be presented    with:                    Turbo Pascal general installation System                            Choose installation item from the following:                                                                 an Orphanware  80 CVU or a Heath/Zenith terminal, but are to use   this        program under  standard CP/M using a TV display, you will  want  to choose one of  the other  selections.   Always  patch only a backup  copy  of   the       program.  You wouldn't   want   to  inadvertantly  do  anything to ruin your   new  program  now would you? After you make your selection (which ever one looks right to you)  the  screen will prompt you:                                   Do you want to modify this defini60             18) Qume                              3) ADDS Viewpoint-1A      19) RC-855 (ITT)                      4) ADM 3A                 20) Soroc 120/Apple CP/M              5) Ampex D80              21) Soroc new models                  6) ANSI                   22) SSM-UB3                           7) Coleco ADAM/80 CVU     23) Tandberg TDV 2215                 8) DEC Rainbow, 8 bit     24) Teleray series 10                 9) Hazeltine 1500         25) Teletex 3000                     10) ay  to     being  "up and  running" on your ADAM.  Most of these files started  as a set  of  Turbo Pascal  routines.   After being polished and  them  combined, the    files  have been  "compiled" into a program that can be  executed  by  simply   typing  it's name.  Probably one  of  the  most  useful  features of a Turbo  Pascal program is it's  easy  installation  facility.  You guess it...         INSTALL.COM! There   is  even a PDTINST.COM file in the public  domain.   This  one   will  let you  pa   Which         terminal? (Enter no. or ^Q to exit):   As   you  can see in the above list, there is a selection  (number  7)   that   is listed as being for a "Coleco ADAM/80 CVU".  If you were  to  select  this  one,  your  program  would  be  installed  for  the   80   column             Heath/Zenith  video emulation.   This is also a good choice if  you are        installing  your  program for use under T-DOS on a TV. Just   pressing   a "7" will choose this one for you.  If  you   don't   have                                  Screen installation   |   Quit                                                                                                                Enter S or Q:                                    At  this  screen,  you  will  want to press the  "S"  key  which  will   tell  INSTALL.COM that you want to do a "Screen installation." You will then be presented with a screen that looks like this:   1) ADDS 20/25/30          17) Otrona Attache                    2) ADDS 40/tion       before installation? (Y/N)?                                                                                           An   answer  of "Y" will give you a chance to plug in  some  of  those  values   we  saw listed in the ESCAPE CODE listing. An answer  of  "N"  will take you to the next phase of the installation:                                                                                           Hardware dependent information                                                              s file is used to do a screen   and   hardware installation for various support utilities supplied  with   T-DOS.    All that is required is that you have any good CP/M compatible   text editor   or word processor.  You could use WordSTAR, VEDIT,  ED.COM   or  my favorite,  the latest release of VDE called ZDE.  Just  call  up   the file by typing the line: VDE  TERMINAL.Z80 /N (return).  This line will tell your ADAM to  load   VDE,  then to read in the file TERMINAL.Z80 for editing in  an   (N)on- docu‚OےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThis article originally appeared in the August 1991 MOAUG  newsletter.   This  header may be deleted.                             ADVANCED CP/M                            by Ron Collins Taking up where we left off last month........ When you a) video off ; IVOFF$: DB     ESC,'q',0,0,0,0     ;must be exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0        DB     0                   ;end of string marker - do not change ;     ;sequence to clear screen and home cursor ; CLEAR$: DB     ESC,'E',0,0,0,0        DB     0,0,0,0,0,0         ;must be exactly 12 bytes - fill with 0        DB     0                   ;end of string marker - do not change ;     ;sequence to clear from cursor to end of line ; CEOL$:  DB     ESC,'K',0,0,0,0     ;must be exactly 6 bytes - fill wain program file for you.  You've just finished your   first program installation!  Go ahead and try to boot the new  program   and  see    how it looks.   If it's "not quite right", you now  know  how   to  go back in and try a different emulation.                       PERFORMING AN "OVERLAY" INSTALLATION An   excellent  example  of an overlay type of installation  would  be         represented by the TERMINAL.Z80 file provided by Tony Morehen and  Guy         Cousineau with AJM Software's T-DOS.  Thi                     Operating   frequency of your microprocessor in MHz (for delays): 4  Change to:     From  here,  you could either type in the actual 2-Mhz ADAM  speed  by   just  typing  "2"  or you can "fudge" a little and type "4" which  will   work  just fine. *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   * We   will continue with Ron's informative article next  month.   Seems  like  we  just don't have enough space to get into a deep topic. ment     mode.  Besides the command line header of the  VDE  program,   the text of the file will appear much like this example.  I won't list   the  entire file      here, but rather, just the parts you will need to  be   concerned with in      patching for your terminal. ; ;sequence to turn inverse (or dim) video on ;    IVON$:  DB     ESC,'p',0,0,0,0     ;must be exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0         DB     0                   ;end of string marker - do not change ;     ;sequence to turn inverse (or dimre done, you will again be asked:             Turbo Pascal general installation System                        Choose installation item from the following:                                                                                               Screen installation   |   Quit                                                                                                               Enter S or Q: When  you  type  "Q" to Quit, the new terminal escape  codes  will  be         written into the mith 0        DB     0                   ;end of string marker - do not change ;     ;sequence to clear from cursor to end of screen ; CEOS$:  DB                   ESC,'J',0,0,0,0     ;must be exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0        DB     0                   ;end of string maker - do not change ;      .pa;sequence to turn cursor on ; CURON$: DB     ESC,'y5',0,0,0      ;must be   exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0        DB     0                   ;end of string maker - do not change ;      ;sequence to turn curshooked up to  it.   This   can be disk drives, data drives and even a memory expander.  The first   drive is always drive A:, so looking at the    last few pages of the text   we  see the area that assigns storage             information.  If you  only  have   one data drive and a disk drive, a simple   two drive system is all  you   need your program to support. *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *  change ;      ;terminal init sequence ; TINIT$: DB     0,0,0,0,0,0         ;must be exactly  6 bytes - fill with 0        DB     0                   ;end of string maker - do not change ;      ;terminal deinit sequence ; DINIT$: DB     0,0,0,0,0,0         ;must be        exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0        DB     0                   ;end of string maker - do not change ;      ;valid drives - set to 0 if present, 0FFH otherwise ; VALDRV:      DB          0                       ;drive A      DB          the  case of this two drive system, you would change  the  text  I   listed above from this: ;valid drives - set to 0 if present, 0FFH otherwise ; VALDRV:      DB          0                       ;drive A      DB          0                       ;drive B      DB          0                       ;drive C      DB          0                       ;drive D      DB          0FFH                    ;drive E      DB          0FFH                    ;drive F      DB          0FFH                    ;drivFFH                    ;drive L      DB          0FFH                    ;drive M      DB          0FFH                    ;drive N      DB          0FFH                    ;drive O      DB          0FFH                    ;drive P ; Now, I'll be the first to admit that at first glance, all of this data   seems overwhelming.  There is a great deal of data here that you  will   never need to worry about though.     What you SHOULD look at are  things   such  as the number of drives your       system has or off ; CUROF$: DB     ESC,'x5',0,0,0      ;must be     exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0        DB     0                   ;end of string maker - do not change ;      ;sequence to insert line ; INSLN$: DB     ESC,'L',0,0,0,0     ;must be exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0        DB     0                   ;end of string maker - do not change ;      ;sequence to delete line ; DELLN$: DB     ESC,'M',0,0,0,0     ;must be exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0        DB     0                   ;end of string maker - do not ‚OےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےقےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےےThis   article  originally  appeared  in  the  September  1991   MOAUG         newsletter.  This header may be deleted.                             ADVANCED CP/M                            by Ron Collins ........Continued from last month..... In  0                       ;drive B      DB          0                       ;drive C      DB          0                       ;drive D      DB          0FFH                    ;drive E      DB          0FFH                    ;drive F      DB          0FFH                    ;drive G      DB          0FFH                    ;drive H      DB          0FFH                    ;drive I      DB          0FFH                    ;drive J      DB          0FFH                    ;drive K      DB          0e G      DB          0FFH                    ;drive H      DB          0FFH                    ;drive I      DB          0FFH                    ;drive J      DB          0FFH                    ;drive K      DB          0FFH                    ;drive L      DB          0FFH                    ;drive M      DB          0FFH                    ;drive N      DB          0FFH                    ;drive O      DB          0FFH                    ;drive P to this: ;valid drives - set to 0 if present the whole file  again  as  I did     above, but just a few of the more important screen codes  to  give  you an     idea what we would be up against in converting that  code  to the Heath screen codes. ;sequence to turn inverse (or dim) video on ; IVON$:     DB                    ESC,'B0',0,0,0,0    ;must be exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0            DB     0                   ;end of string marker - do not change  ; ;sequence to turn inverse (or dim) video off ; IVOFF$:    DB                   ESC,'C0'                 ;drive J      DB          0FFH                    ;drive K      DB          0FFH                    ;drive L      DB          0FFH                    ;drive M      DB          0FFH                    ;drive N      DB          0FFH                    ;drive O      DB          0FFH                    ;drive P As  you can see, CP/M supports up to 16 different storage devices  and  your   own  system knows how to talk to any of them by it's  own  drive  letter.      It  is your job in        CONTROL-Z command to implement this function.  If you take a look at  your     CP/M  manual's control codes listing, you can pick out  the  HEX  code needed  to represent the CONTROL-Z.  In this case, that would be a  1A in hex. You     could also use simply a decimal code, in this case  26.    Since  I prefer     using HEX codes, I have to also tell my  program  that  the 1A is a HEX value, this the 1AH you see in the label for CLEAR$.  The  codes  IVON$  and IVOFF$ represent inverse  on  and  inuch things as  inverse  video,  line  inserts,  screen clears, etc., they tend to label them in an easy   to  pick  out fashion.  The key is in our being able to look at that  code  and recognize these labels for what they     are. Suppose I had an overlay file such as the one above, but that has been         patched for a Kaypro 1 computer system.  To convert the code to  match  what   my ADAM uses would require me to have a listing of all codes used  by the      Kaypro for video sequences.  I won't list, 0FFH otherwise ; VALDRV:      DB          0                       ;drive A      DB          0                       ;drive B      DB          0FFH                    ;drive C      DB          0FFH                    ;drive D      DB          0FFH                    ;drive E      DB          0FFH                    ;drive F      DB          0FFH                    ;drive G      DB          0FFH                    ;drive H      DB          0FFH                    ;drive I      DB          0FFH   ,0,0,0,0    ;must be exactly 6 bytes - fill with 0           DB     0                   ;end of string marker - do not change  ; ;sequence to clear screen and home cursor ; CLEAR$:    DB     1AH,0,0,0,0,0           DB     0,0,0,0,0,0        ;must be exactly 12 bytes - fill with 0           DB     0                  ;end of string marker - do not change Take  a look at the sequence to clear the display screen and  to  home  the    cursor into the upper left corner of your screen.  The Kaypro uses  a   many cases, to tell your  program  about  these drives that IT can use that are present on your system. The case of the drive assignments is relatively easy to pick out among  all    the  rest  of that TERMINAL.Z80 file, but what  about  the  other  important   patching  areas?    Sometimes, you have to be a  bit  of  a  detective  to     deduce just what calling conventions are being  used  by  any  particular      author.   It  has been my  experience  that  as  most  programmers  write  the code for sverse  off         respectively.  Some programmers will refer to this sequence as reverse  video  represented by something like: RVON$ or RVOFF$, while others may  refer  to    DIMON$ or DIMOFF$ for DIM video on and off.  In the case  of  the Kaypro,      REVERSE video and DIM video or both supported as  separate  entities.  You can even mix and match them into a DIM/INVERSE video by  use of both codes! The  most  important  thing to remember here is that  if  you  have  a         program designed for a  we will be selling.       Serial Boards           - the original OW type boards for use with external modems and 80 column (dumb) terminals.      80 Column Video Units           - these are the units that a   allowed one to display 80 columns  on             most composite terminals      Cables          - 60 pin side port adapter cables          - external RS232 modem/80 col cables      Mini Wini Hard Drive Systems          - interfaces and cables (allow installation without case damage)        CP/M. *    *     *     *     *    *     *     *     *     *     *     *     * If you have any questions regarding Ron's articles, he can be  contacted on compuserve, User ID # 73717,434. He will be responsive and        helpful.       answer  of  "N"  will take you to the next phase of the installation:                                                                                           Hardware dependent information                                                              ........             N/C       160K disk..............             4.00       320K disk..............            7.00     Mini Wini Hard Drive چ      Interface..............           150.00       3 cables for above.....             50.00       Complete system w/HD...           360.00      SPECIAL OFFER                                       For all orders except        Free Modem programs,         courtesy                    PD disks add $3.50        of Rob Friedman (CIS), upon                     IMPORTANT  !!!!   NEW  HARDWARE VENDOR {Editor's note: They have worked on my hardware in the past and have        preformed miracles, I trust them and recommend them.  Barry Wilson).We are making available some OrphanWare type products. There has been a     growing demand for these original type products first brought out by John   Lingrel. With his consent and some technical advice, we have decided to     produce some of his  original products. The following is a list of those    and other items thatparticular computer, and you want to move  this  file   over to use it on your ADAM, you MUST know the screen codes  for  the original computer as well as those for your ADAM. When all of the codes have been changed to match the proper codes  you  want,  you will want to save this new version by pressing your  ESCAPE  key followed  by the X key.  This will tell VDE or ZDE to save your new  code,  create  a    backup  of the original and kick  out  of  the  word  processing program and   back to standard   - complete system installation      Public Domain Software          - large quantity of CPM/TDOS  and EOS titles          - A-NET BBS modifications                                     PRICE LIST     Serial Board:............           $ 50.00     Cables RS232       Modem/80 col cable.....             11.00       Side port (60 pin).....            16.00       both cables............             25.00     80 Column Video Unit.....           200.00     Public Domain Software       A-NET BBS mods.                     Operating   frequency of your microprocessor in MHz (for delays): 4  Change to:     From  here,  you could either type in the actual 2-Mhz ADAM  speed  by   just  typing  "2"  or you can "fudge" a little and type "4" which  will   work  just fine. *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   * We   will continue with Ron's informative article next  month.   Seems  like  we  just don't have enough space to get into a deep topic.  Shipping/Handling.        request.                                                   Dealer inquiries welcome   For orders contact...   Herman L. Mason                     George M. Koczwara  8912 Blaine Av.                    4034 E. 52nd St  Cleveland, Oh 44106                Newburgh Hts., Oh 44105  BBS: Trading Post                BBS:ADAM eXchange       216-791-4022                      216-883-9355  Voice: Days - 216-851-3347         Eves - 216-231-8813  tware       A-NET BBS mods.Monday _____________________   | Lunch - Fri., Sat., Sun ______________               _________________________________   |  | Dinner - Friday and Saturday _________          ________________________   |   |   | Thursday Evening Reception ___________            ______________________   |   |   |   | Admittance to all Sessions __________           __________________   |   |   |   |   | Room 4 nights/person* _______________                ___________________   |   |   |   |    |   |             ^A^QADAMCON IV NEWS RELEASE              ADAMCON IV         Hosted by B.A.S.I.C. ADAM user group.          Sponsored by ADAMlink of UTAH and A.N.N.          Official BBS - The Trading Post       You are invited to join ADAMites  from the U.S. and Canada to attend the  4th ADAM only computer convention. A  number of ADAM suppliers will be dis-playing their latest hardware and software. Vendors committed to        attending are ADAMlink of Utah (Alan Neeley), Oscar's Computers (Howard     Pines), Wal_X_______X_______X_  - Limit 1 child per adult in each room * Rooms are double occupancy - Add $8   $80.00 for single room  A payment plan is being tried for ADAMCON-IV. You may budget yourself thru  payments for convention fee. You may contact Convention staff for           information. ------------------------------------            BONUS   All who are paid in full Delegates by  April 15th, will recieve the         official ADAMCON-IV T-shirt FREE!! Those paid up by June 15th will recieve  10 blafering an ADAM Repair Center. This       Center will be operated by Kosowky's and Oscar's. A large number of the above ADAMites have also agreed to be speakers at     convention sessions. The featured speakers will focus on topics of interest to  ADAMites  and popular topics from past ADAMCONs.      An effort was made to obtain a good package at the best price. Costs   for   ADAMCON - IV are as follows:  Banquet - Sunday evening - Awards, Door Prizes and More! ________ Breakfast - Fri., Sat., Sun. and ........             N/C       160K disk..............             4.00       320K disk..............            7.00     Mini Wini Hard Drive چ      Interface..............           150.00       3 cables for above.....             50.00       Complete system w/HD...           360.00      SPECIAL OFFER                                       For all orders except        Free Modem programs,         courtesy                    PD disks add $3.50        of Rob Friedman (CIS), upon                                                |   |   |   |   |   |   | Full Delegate           - $220.00 ____     ______X___X___X___X___X___X___X_ Non-Delegate Spouse     -  165.00 ____     ______X_______X___________X___X_ Non-Delegate child      -   55.00 ____     ______X_______X___________X___X_ Delegate Child under 18 -   90.00 ____     ______X___X___X___X___X___X___X_ Day Pass   Fri. and Sat. ea. day -   25.00 ____     __________X___X_______X_________   Sunday                -   35.00 ____     __________X__ter's Software (Jim Walters), S & M Video (Shon McCullom),       Bonafide Systems  (Chris  Braymen), A.N.N. (Barry Wilson) and many others   are in planning stages.      Individuals planning to come: Bart (Zonker) Lynch, Dean Roades, David  Cobley, Richard Clee, Robert Jones, Bob Blair, Mel Ostler, Rob Friedman and more.      A very popular part of past conventions was the ADAM Store. For        ADAMCON-IV we are expanding the Store hours to all days of convention.      Along with the  Store we will be ofnk 5 1/4 disks. ------------------------------------      Camping arrangements are available on request. Sightseeing in the         Cleveland   area includes a number of museums; Natural History, Art, Health and an  Auto Museum. Along with a fine Zoo there are Amusement and Water    parks within  easy  driving  distances  (Sea World  and Geauga Lake (Six    Flags type)). Lake cruises are scheduled daily. Football Hall of Fame is    only 90 minutes away. More information will follow as it  becomes availab 25.00 = ________ ____ Saturday    @   25.00 = ________ ____ Sunday      @   35.00 = ________ __ Single Room   @   80.00 = ________ __ T-Shirt(s)    @   10.00 = ________ __ Hat(s)        @    8.00 = ________                     TOTAL  ___________                  DEPOSIT  ___________              BALANCE DUE  ___________   Make checks payable to: "ADAMCON-IV" and send to either Chairman.  George M. Koczwara        Herman L. Mason 4034 E. 52nd St.          8912 Blaine Av. Newburgh Hts. Oh 441n ADAMCON-IV T-shirt?  $10.00 ea. M L XL XXL XXXL  Would you want an ADAMCON-IV hat? $8.00  __YES __NO  If you are bringing hardware to the  convention, can we post that fact? ___ What hardware will you be bringing?  ___________________________  _________          ___________________________  _________           __ Delegates     @ $220.00 = ________ __ Spouse        @  165.00 = ________ __ Children      @   55.00 = ________ __ Del. child    @   90.00 = ________    Day Pass ____ Friday      @  e BC CANADA V9P 1S6Ron Collins            529 Grandview Ave. Barberton OH 44203Rich Cossaboon     512 Chain St, 1st Floor, Norristown PA 19401Guy Cousineau Wish List   l059 Hindley St. Ottawa Ont. Canada   K2B 5L9Faye Deere Press    PO Box 4934         Ft. Walton Beach FL 32549Al Fitzgerald             8747 Anetta       St.Louis    63l47   383-3616Ricki Gerlack Graph.Ed.16505 Juliana, E. Detroit MI 48021                                      East Point MI after 6/92John Harris Glossary l05 Burning Tr05    Cleveland, Oh 44106  ^R M L XL XXL XXXL  Would you want an ADAMCON-IV hat? $8.00  __YES __NO  If you are bringing hardware to the  convention, can we post that fact? ___ What hardware will you be bringing?  ___________________________  _________          ___________________________  _________           __ Delegates     @ $220.00 = ________ __ Spouse        @  165.00 = ________ __ Children      @   55.00 = ________ __ Del. child    @   90.00 = ________    Day Pass ____ Friday      @  le.                           ADAMCON-IV REGISTRATION FORM  NAME _______________________________ SPOUSE NAME                         ADDRESS_______________________________ PHONE ___________________            CITY_____________________STATE/PROV___ ZIP/POSTAL CODE_______               CHILDREN: 1_________________AGE____   2_________________AGE_____   If traveling alone and wish to share a  room, check here_____  Do you wish to be in a non-smoking room?   YES____  NO____  Would you want aش0 ج0 ×78 ذ66ADAM NEWS NETWORK ADDRESS FILE     [01/15/92]{A.N.N. STAFF}  (Spec.Proj.Coordntatr unless indicated otherwise)Joe Alford             5068 Stone Ave.  Portage IN.        46368Bob Blair  Transl.  36l Eden Dr.        Englewood   FL.    34223-l964Lani Brito Contest Ed. 826 Thornton Ave. #l Orlando Fl.    32803Herman Cherney Advocate l98 Sandcrest Rd.#B Albany  NY  12205-1817Richard Clee Reg.Ed.21 Rondale Blvd.         Toronto ONT.   M6A lH6David Cobley Reg.Ed.  862 Shorewood Dr. Parksvill 25.00 = ________ ____ Saturday    @   25.00 = ________ ____ Sunday      @   35.00 = ________ __ Single Room   @   80.00 = ________ __ T-Shirt(s)    @   10.00 = ________ __ Hat(s)        @    8.00 = ________                     TOTAL  ___________                  DEPOSIT  ___________              BALANCE DUE  ___________   Make checks payable to: "ADAMCON-IV" and send to either Chairman.  George M. Koczwara        Herman L. Mason 4034 E. 52nd St.          8912 Blaine Av. Newburgh Hts. Oh 441ee Lane, Boca Raton Fl.  33431Pat Herrington Contrib.Ed. l003 Oak Lane      Apopka FL.    32703Thomas J. Keene            3141 E. Palmyra Ave. Orange CA 92669George Koczara             4034 E 52nd St. Newburgh Hts. Ohio 44105Phil Kosowsky HdwreTechEd. 6067 Jerusalem Dr.Cicero NY.     l3039Richard Lefko       20 Ashley Dr.           Milford NH   03055Bart Lynch Tel.Ed.  45ll S. 256 St.          Kent WA     98032Steve Major            POBX 562 - Mason Rd.  Champlain NY   129l9-0562  Herman Mason Maili     Inland Empire AUG   3l4l E. Palmyra Ave.     Orange CA       92669George Koczwara SYSOP 4034 E. 52nd         Newburgh Hts.OH   44l05Magnet AUG (Brennan) 888 Templeton Ave. Winnipeg MAN. Canada R2V-3S6Metro Orlando AUG   l003 Oak Lane            Apopka FL.      32703Metro Toronto AUG   21 Rondale Blvd.         Toronto ONT.   M6A lH6Herman Mason SYSOP  8912 Blaine Ave.         Cleveland   OH  44l06   NIAD                POBX l3l7                Lisle IL        60532Omaha AUG           809 W. 33rd  Jerry Vrancks Gal.of Hon. 2936 Evelyn St.     Potage  IN.     46368Barry Wilson Editor 12967 Weatherfield Dr.   St.Louis Mo.63l46 Bruce Walters             RD#2 Box 51   Franklin PA.  16323-9204{AUGS,SYSOPS}Adam-Link           2337 South 600 East      Salt Lake City 84l06 (UT)Albany AUG          3 Robin Hood Rd.         Albany NY      12203-5113Allied Bus.Machines (Adam hrdwre,etc.) 9281 Earl St. La Mesa CA 9l94lAmerican AUG        l98 Sand Creek Rd. # B   Albany NY      12205-l8l7AUFG (Ont.Can.58l     l-800-999-5040Elliott, Dan Repairs Rt.l Box ll7          Cabool Mo.        65689Kosowsky Adam Repair 6067 Jerusalem Dr.       Clay NY.       l304lOscars Computers    224 F. Elgin Prkwy. Ft. Walton Beach Fl. 32548     l-800-858-1007{DEALERS/SUPPLIERS}  Acolyte Software    30 Arborway Dr.     Scituate MA         02066Adam Connection     POBX 562 - Mason Rd.  Champlain NY      129l9-0562  Adam-Link           2337 South 600 East      Salt Lake City 84l06 (UT)AdaMagic            1634 N.Thompso Valley CA  94552Edmonton AUG        39 Salisbury Ave.        St.Albert  Alberta T8N OM2Emerald Coast AUG   POBX 4934                Ft. Walton Beach 32549 FL.463 AUG             8522 Hohman Ave.         Munster IN      46321         Al Fitzgerald SYSOP 8747 Anetta              St.Louis    63l47   383-3616Ricki Gerlack SYSOP l402-A Werner Park  Fort Campbell KY     42223Gulf Coast  AUG     6665 Timbers Dr.         Mobile AL       36695Hamilton AUG Canda                                               ng list 8912 Blaine Ave. Cleveland OHIO 44106Ron Mitchell Expert  Panel  210 Gloucester St.#ll07 Ottawa ONT. K1E 1R6Alan Neeley             2337 South 600 E. Salt Lake City UT 84106NIAD Joint Proj.    PO Box 1317         Lisle IL 60532Mel Ostler, Pub.Ed. 32l7 Mesilla Hills Dr.  Las Cruces NM    88005Howard Pines        224 F. Elgin Pkwy   Ft. Walton Beach FL 32548Bill Reynolds Secretary  712 Waverly Place Statesville NC    28677Dean Roades Co-Ed.  8522 Hohman Ave.         Munster IN      46321        Ave.         Bellevue NE     68005Puget Sound Adam    22607 SE 322nd           Kent WA         98042SLUG (Louisville)   6413 Briscoe Ln.         Louisville KY   40228St.Louis AUG        12967 Weatherfield Dr.   St.Louis Mo.    63l46TAPPS BBS(T.Cairns) 50 John Garland #l08 Rexdale ONT. Canada M9V 1N4UKAS (England AUG)  33 Homer Rd.    Croydon Surrey England   CRO7SBVISA (D. Cobley)  862 Shorewood Dr. Parksville BC CANADA V9P 1S6{REPAIRS}A.I.M.              Rt 2 Box 2756            Pearland TX    77)     342 Nagel Ave.           Orleans ONT.   KlE lR6AWAUG (Sysop-Jodoin) l5l6B Carswell Cir.     Bolling AFB DC 20336AWAUG Ed. J.MacKenn 4l5 Camden Dr.           Falmouth VA    22405CIS ADAM SYSOP      38l4 Ocean Ave. T-2      E.Rockaway NY  ll5l8  Calgary Adam Family Gerry St.Perry 6508 34th St. SW Calgary Alberta T3E 5M2Central Virginia AUG 3-B Chestnut Grove    Earlyesville Va.  22936Delaware Valley AUG  l0848 Modena Drive  Philadelphia PA.    19154East Bay AUG (Ozretich) 6097 Slopeview Ct. Castron Dr.      Bay Shore   NY   11706Adam Software Support 8l25 W. Catherine      Chicago ILL.   60656ADAMzap (Eric Danz) l7 Capstan Rd.           West Milford NJ 07480-48l6A.I.M. (Adam House) Rt 2 Box 2756            Pearland TX    7758l     l-800-999-5040   Terry FowlerAdams Alive (E&T)   l0l0 Westminster         Garland TX     75040  AJM Software (Morehan) ll Elliot Ave. Ottawa ON Canada     K1S 0M2APE Software  4756 Lalande PIERREFONDS QE  Canada          H8Y 1V2American Software   l98 Sand Creek Rlle NJ     08012Pitman (Steve) Software 3705 Church St. Cincinnati OHIO     45244Practical Programs  43l8 Monroe Ave.         Kalamazoo MI   49002Princess Auto 535 Panet Rd. Winnipeg MB Canada             R3C 2W7     (Also has branches thruout Canada)Reedy Software      PO BOX 129           Lowell MI.         49331Roadrunner Public.  32l7 Mesilla Hills Dr.  Las Cruces NM   88005Roginsky Games      4237 Thornhill Pl.      Las Vegas NV    89l03R&R Software        POBX 208l                Hanover MA   Go(8-426-3303) Rt206 E.Hampton BusPrk MtHolly NJ 08060Elliott, Dan Repairs Rt.l Box ll7          Cabool Mo.       65689Elliam Assoc. (CPM SW) POBOX 2664-A         Atascadero CA   93422EyeZod Graphics     l003 Oak Lane        Apopka Fl.         32703Gerlack Family Sftwr.l402-A Werner Park  Fort Campbell KY   42223GMC Software (Guy Costineau) 1059 Hindley St.Ottawa ONT.CAN.K2B 5L9Graftex Soft. (J.Quinn) 6665 Timbers Dr.    Mobile AL       36695Hal Weber Software     2360 SW 22nd Ave. # 405 Delray Beachlegames USA       Box 901 Lancaster TX                    75146Thomas Electronics  l5l Devonshire Cres. Saskatoon SK Canada S7L-5V6Trisyd Video        26 Florence Crescent Toronto Ontario Canada M6N-4E4Walters Software    RD#4  Box 289-A          Titusville PA   l6354WIzards Lair        8l25 W. Catherine        Chicago ILL.    60656{BBS LISTINGS: (l) ADAM; (2) FIDONET }(1) ADAM BBSsAdam-Link (Phoenix) 24 hrs.                       (602)936-3892Adam-Link (Utah)    6PM-8AM M-F, 24hrs. weekends  (80l)wood Rd. Columbus OHIO 43212Micro  Innovations  12503 King's Lake Dr.    Reston  VA.    2209lMMSG (J. Marshall)  POBX lll2                Broomfield CO  80020Mr.T. Software      6521 E. Camino Santo  Scottsdale AZZ    85254NIAD                POBX l3l7                Lisle IL       60532Oasis Pensive Abacutors 432 Jarvis St. #502 Toronto ONT.CAN.M4Y 2H3Oscars Computers    224 F. Elgin Prkwy. Ft. Walton Beach Fl.32548     l-800-858-1007    Howard PinesParallel Systems    POBOX 772           Turnersvid. # B   Albany NY      12205-l8l7APE Software        4756 LaLande Pierrefonds Quebec Canada  H8Y 1V2Bonafide Systems    45280 S. Oak View Dr.   Oakhurst CA     93644Bryan's Spftware    428 Knight St.          Elberton GA     30635Castro, Norm        809 W. 33rd Ave.         Bellevue NE     68005Coleco Depot         l57-04 87 St.      Howard Beach  NY    ll4l4Computer Buyers Guide  POBX 55886         Birmingham AL.    35255Data Backup            Box 335              Iona ID.        83427DiskNLabels2  02339SpeedyWrite Software     2017 Inglehart Ave #11 St Paul MN 55104MW Ruth Co.(Forman) 5l0 Rhode Island Ave.  Cherry Hill NJ.  08002Scruffy Bear Soft.  50 John Garland #l08 Rexdale ONT. Canada M9V 1N4S.M. Video          POBX 3l89                Oakton VA      22l24      l-800-487-1742.   Shon McCallumSeaman Software     129 E. 8th St.    Winona MN             55987Strategic Software  424 E. John St.          Lindhurst NY   ll757TC Software (Clary) 9015 Ester Dr. Loveland OHIO            45140Te 33445Harrison Productivity  1424 24th St. Kenosha WI             53l40HEXACE Software          RD#2 Box 5l   Franklin PA          16323Hinkle Publications  ll7 Northview       Ithaca NY          14850Kehoe, Denny      Box 34l34, 1200 37th St.SW Calgary Alberta T3C 3W0Kosowsky Adam Repair 6067 Jerusalem Dr.       Clay NY.      l304lL.O.F. Comm.        POBX 587     York PA                     l7405Maine Adam Library Bob Sebelist  POBX 85  Waterford ME      04088 MEI/Micro  (disks,mailers)  ll00 Steel484-5ll4Adam Connection     24 hrs.                       (5l8)298-4294Adam Exchange       24 hrs.                       (216)883-9355AWAUG               24 hrs.                       (202)561-2475Cats Lair           24 hrs.                       (802)295-483lColeco Depot        8PM-12 AM                     (7l8)848-3066Delaware Valley  6-l0PM M-F;l0-l0 Sat,Sun.        (215)277-0433IEAUG               4PM-6AM                       (714)775-1603Mach I              9PM-6AM                       (4l4)Dale/Neal Wick      Box 47 Brooklin ONT. Canada         L0B 1C0South Bend In) (Allen Keltner)(219)234-8004{Other addresses}Ken Batcher    530 Kelvedon Mews Mississauga ONT CAN L4Z 1G4Jason Brown     86 Parliament St. #3C Toronto ONT. Canada M5A 2Y6Don Bueltmann       455 Skylark Dr.          St.Louis    6303l   837-0060Steve Dawes         POBX 120l9               Omaha NE    68112-00l9Jim Duffy           # 4 Inverness Ct.        St.Peters   63376   279-l677 Richard Drushel     3353 Mayfield Rd.  791-4022Voice of the Eagle  Wed/Thur. 8:30PM-5AM          (6l5)43l-9833(2) FIDONET NATIONAL ADAM ECHO BBSs.Baker Street Irregular(Panama City Fl)(James Young)(904)871-6536The BobCat Byte (Las Cruces NM)  (Mel Ostler)     (505)527-8878Cornacopia (Orlando Fl.)  24 hrs.(Pat H.&Lani B.) (407)645-4929Grand Illusions (Adam ECHO) 24 hrs.(Barry,AL,Jim) (314)434-7260The Hot Muddy Duck (Shalimar Fl.)  (Faye Deere)   (904)651-8684The Kanata (Ottawa) (Ron Mitchell, Guy Cousineau) (613) 831-4082Sea/Mac Mansionore File"\\\\16. Press SK V "Binary Z80 File".  Now you can use 10 characters for the       STORAGE FILE NAME.  Press RETURN after typing it in.  NOTE:  If this is to be  saved as TWO CLIPS add an L as the last character to signify that this clip is the Left side of the clip.  When you reposition the frame for the rest of the  clip use an R as the last character in the file name\\\\17. Press ESCAPE on the keyboard and remove your Permanent disk with 1K        Clipper files if you are finished with THIS  Cleveland Hts.OH 44l18George Harpster     6l Vinyard Dr.      Brunswich OH     44212Peter Hartzler      2907 Madison Place   Falls Church VA 22042John Lingrel                                                  A.J.(Tony) Morehen  ll442 96th St.   Edmonton, Alberta    T5G 1T4Tony Patterson      l5708 Belmont Dr.  Biloxi MS 39532        Howard Pines        1010 Gloria Ft.Walton Beach Fl. 32547James Poulin        1146 Manatee Dr.  Rockledge Fl. 32955Jean Stone          3301 Mobile Ave. El Paso TX 79930762-0492Maine               6PM-8AM                       (207)583-4923Micro Innovations   6PM-6AM M-F, 24hrs. weekends  (703)264-3908Northern Link       24 hrs.                       (403)246-4086Rocky Mountain      24 hrs.                       (719)783-9046St.Louis            9PM-6AM Thur-Sun              (314)383-3617TAPPS Music         24 hrs.                       (416)741-2432Thomas Electronics  24 hrs.                       (306)384-7682Trading Post        24 hrs.                       (216)xOr Permanent Disk for CLIPPER files\\\\12. Press STORE/GET key on keyboard\\\\13. Press SK V "Read Medium"\\\\14. Press SK V "More Options"\\\\15. Press SK V "Store\r~42,78\A\K\\\\11. Press SK V "Capture Clip Art".  Remove Data Disk and insert your Permanent Disk for CLIPPER files\\\\12. Press STORE/GET key on keyboard\\\\13. Press SK V "Read Medium"\\\\14. Press SK V "More Options"\\\\15. Press SK V "St/Tabby (WA) (Bart Lynch)      (206) 725-6629The Treasure Chest (South Bend In) (Allen Keltner)(219)234-8004{Other addresses}Ken Batcher    530 Kelvedon Mews Mississauga ONT CAN L4Z 1G4Jason Brown     86 Parliament St. #3C Toronto ONT. Canada M5A 2Y6Don Bueltmann       455 Skylark Dr.          St.Louis    6303l   837-0060Steve Dawes         POBX 120l9               Omaha NE    68112-00l9Jim Duffy           # 4 Inverness Ct.        St.Peters   63376   279-l677 Richard Drushel     3353 Mayfield Rd.  clip\\\\\   NOTE:  If the IBM clip is too large and requires a second clip to complete the picture continue with the directions below; otherwise just start with step #2. \\\\18. Press SK IV "Capture Options"\\\\\   Continue with step #9 EXCEPT that you will know position the frame on the  RIGHT side of the clip.  Ignore any overlap as it will not show.\\\\\   Continue with steps #10 thru 17\\\\With CLIPPER I am able to store at least 80 complete clips on my 5 block       directory and have room fouilt-in   programs you can load the picture files STRAIGHT into ADAM from his disks.     Each Clip is presented WHOLE, not in pieces.  High resolution clips just as    you see them on the other computers.  You DON'T need PrintMASTER to use any of these clips.\\\\You get over 100 Clips, plus a \BFREE\b viewer/loader program.  Each           additional disk of clips is \B$2\x plus 60 cents shipping each.  There are     over \B100 Clips on each disk!\b  For every \B10\b disks ordered, be it all at once, or j#1 etc.\\\\I am now printing via PP a hardcopy of my clip pictures with only 4 clips per  screen for a total of 32 clips per page along with the file names under each   clip, all done within PowerPaint (PP)\\\\I can convert via IBM CLIP-ART 20 clips per hour to my Temporary DATA Disk.  I can do 30 CLIPPER conversions per hour on my Permanent disks.  Just because I  am doing this does not mean that you also have to.  You can choose any file    from the MAL disk and just save that ONE clip as a SmartPaintclip picture with each clip only using 1K.  As of the 26th of November Bob     told me that NOW we can use POWERPAINT(PP) directly with his PD patch and just use the move/copy clip feature built-in PP.  So now I may not have to use      Clipper for this job. \\\\Clipper allows you to "clip" an 64 x 64 area of any screen picture and use     this in PowerPaint as a CLIP.  NOTE:  I use Temporary disks as SmartPaint 12K  files then convert these to Permanent disks with Clipper and 1K files.\\\\1.  INSERT CLxOUC\\\r~02,38\A\K\\\BIBM Clip-Art\b from \BMAL\b Maine ADAM Library, PO Box 85, Waterford, ME     04088 for only $10.  These are for use in our EOS system.  With the buil\r~02,38\A\K\C\B\\IBM CLIP-ART and CLIPPER\b\c\\by \INorman R. Castro\i\B        OAUC\\\r~02,38\A\K\\\BIBM Clip-Art\b from \BMAL\b Maine ADAM Library, PO Box 85, Waterford, ME     04088 for only $10.  These are for use in our EOS system.  With the br an alphabetized catalog.  I use \BEOS INDEXER\b    from \BGuy Cousineau\b, which I picked up for $10 at ADAMCON03.  I saved the   SORTED file and in SmartWriter eliminated all duplicate file names that I had  used for the RIGHT side of the clip.  Example 6Shooter-L and 6Shooter-R when   joined together form one complete clip of a gun slinger of the old west.  I    deleted 6Shooter-R along with all the HAPPY faces in between as these faces    messed up my DMP.  I resaved this edited catalog file as Catalogust a few at a time YOU will receive the \B11th disk FREE\b.\\\\With Richard Sebelist (MAL) programs you are able to view and save the screen  as a SmartPaint 12K file for every clip.  I then use \BCLIPPER\b by Digital    Express and available from ADAM LINK OF UTAH for only $15 with the profits     coming back to the ADAM community.  The address is 2337 South 600 East, Salt   Lake City, UT  84106.  Phone (801)  484-5114.\\\\The reason I use CLIPPER is to save these clips as in most cases, as a two      HRP file then    use PP with the Move/Copy feature.\\\\If you enjoyed this article please drop me a post card.  Feedback is very      important.  THANKS\\\\\BNorman Castro, 809W 33rd Ave, Bellevue, NE 68005\b (402)  291-4405\\\\of the clip.  Example 6Shooter-L and 6Shooter-R when   joined together form one complete clip of a gun slinger of the old west.  I    deleted 6Shooter-R along with all the HAPPY faces in between as these faces    messed up my DMP.  I resaved this edited catalog file as CatalogIPPER in drive then PULL RESET and wait for screen instructions   then remove CLIPPER\\\\2.  INSERT the DATA DISK with the SmartPaint screens saved with IBM CLIP-ART   from MAL\\\\3.  PRESS STORE/GET KEY on keyboard\\\\4.  PRESS SmartKey(SK) V "Read Medium"\\\\5.  Use the Arrow keys to select the file then Press SK II "Get File"\\\\6.  Press SK V  "Capture Options"\\\\7.  Press SK II "Bckgrnd Color"  Use the LEFT arrow key & press it 4 times to  choose Light Yellow then press RETURN\\\\8.  Preg.  Excellent.\\\\\BADAM CON 04\b will be in the Cleveland Ohio area on the LAST WEEK in July,   starting on Thursday 23 July until 26 July with their banquet supper.  The     cost is the same as the last one $220.\\\\This year they are going to supply ALL MEALS from Friday's Breakfast to        Monday's departing Breakfast.  Many people have requested an installment plan. Send all payments to:  Herman Mason Jr., 8912 Blaine Avenue, Cleveland, OH     44106.  His phone number is (216)  231-8813.  If yourxO confirm these dates with  the Bellevue Library and I will publish any date changes in the next           newsletter.  The meetings start at 6PM in their meeting room ever\r~42,78\A\K\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Here are the OAUC meeting dates for 1992.  I have to confirm these dates with  the Bellevue Library and I will publish any date changes in the next           newsletter.  The meetings start at 6PM in their meeting room evoted ADAMites, and third party suppliers for hardware & software.  I firmly believe that ADAM'S long term survival      depends on greater cooperation between the users and the developers.  Often,   the hardware/software developer guesses at what might sell.  Some items sell & others do not.  The ADAM market is fairly limited & despite all good           intentions, it is shrinking.  The suppliers can no longer afford to market     unsalable items.\\\\It is therefore up to you, the consumer to tell the dr Electronic items.  I have ordered        before\\\\\BMEI/Micro Center\b, 1100 Steelwood Road, Columbus, OH 43212.  Phone          1-800-634-3478 for orders.  Send for their free catalogs & mention OAUC.  They have 5.25" Disk Mailers in a pack of 50 for $9.50 + $2.35 shipping per pack. I was paying 35 cents each here but now my cost is only 24 cents each.  They     also have the BEST prices on their 5.25" Library Cases that hold 10 Diskettes  for $1.19 each in lots of 3 or $3.78 for 3 + .90 cents shippinss ESCAPE" to continue\\\\9. Press SK IV "Position Frame"  Use the Arrow Keys to enclose the LEFT side   of the clip\\\\10.  Press SK VI "PREVIOUS MENU"\\\\the move/copy clip feature built-in PP.  So now I may not have to use      Clipper for this job. \\\\Clipper allows you to "clip" an 64 x 64 area of any screen picture and use     this in PowerPaint as a CLIP.  NOTE:  I use Temporary disks as SmartPaint 12K  files then convert these to Permanent disks with Clipper and 1K files.\\\\1.  INSERT CL payment is made \BIN     FULL by April 15, 1992\b, whether it is via installments, or one lump sum      payment, they will be offering the \BADAMCON-IV SHIRT\b to you \B"FREE"\b.\\At any rate, we ask that all payments be in NO LATER than July 10, 1992, and   there are NO REFUNDS or CANCELLATIONS, after then.\\\\\BADAM WISH LIST\b by GUY COUSINEAU, 1059 Hindley Street, OTTAWA, CANADA  K2B  5L9.  The ADAM computer has been orphaned for quite some time; it did not die! That is a credit to user's groups, devery other month on the \BFirst Tuseday\b of that month.  Their phone number is 293-3159\\\\\    4 Feb     7 Apr     2 Jun     4 Aug     6 Oct     8 Dec\\\\\BAMERICAN DESIGN COMPONENTS\b, 400 County Avenue, Secaucus, NJ  07094.  Min   order is $15.  Phone 1-800-776-3700.  Send for their free catalog and mention  OAUC.  They have ADAM replacement NEW Keyboards for $19.95, NEW ColecoVision   Controllers 4 for $9.95, ADAM Daisy Wheels for 3.95, ADAM Software at $8 to    $15, Wrist Straps for $7.95 and otheevelopers what you want.  What hardware or software do you need for your ADAM?  Make up your wish list,  but not a frivolous one.  What would you buy if it was out there?   Write to   me.\\\\, we ask that all payments be in NO LATER than July 10, 1992, and   there are NO REFUNDS or CANCELLATIONS, after then.\\\\\BADAM WISH LIST\b by GUY COUSINEAU, 1059 Hindley Street, OTTAWA, CANADA  K2B  5L9.  The ADAM computer has been orphaned for quite some time; it did not die! That is a credit to user's groups, de ADAM work     with this serial board with NO patches needed to run them!  From the old       standby's like MEX, IMP and MADAM 7 up to the newest PD release QTERM are      ALREADY configured for this fine product.  We have acquired permission from    John Lingrel to begin production on his board once again.  The price?  $50     plus shipping from Herman Mason Jr., 8912 Blaine Ave., Cleveland, OH  44106    Phone (216)   231-8813\\\\This is from \BALBANY AUG\b, 3 Robin Hood Road, Albany, NY  12203-5113 $15xO this    year with the reduction of Annual & Renewal Membership prices.  They are valid through the end of January:  U.S. THIRD CLASS will not be offered over the     next\r~42,78\A\K\\NIAD (continued).  \BNIAD CHRISTMAS SPECIAL\b is off to an early start this    year with the reduction of Annual & Renewal Membership prices.  They are valid through the end of January:  U.S. THIRD CLASS will not be offered over the     ner EOS Version 5 that you currently use, PLEASE REALIZE that EOS V6 is       available & installed automatically when you boot your \BDISK MANAGER\b that   came with your disk drive.  It stays in memory until the computer reset is     pulled.  Also note that \BWalter's Software\b has an even better EOS that is   called \BTHE SMARTDSK\b operating system, allowing many hardware & software    functions that Coleco never dreamed would be available for the ADAM.  SmartDSK will set up RAM DISKS, access all disk davailable for $17.95.  An update is available        directly through \BADAM'S HOUSE\b for owners of the 1990 version for $10.\\\\This is from A.N.N., 12967 Weatherfield, St Louis, MO 63146  $35 Year for 24   disks.  \BTHE LINGREL TYPE RS232 SERIAL INTERFACE\b,  This plugs into the side of the ADAM so that you can hook up an external High speed modem, from 1200    baud up to 9600 baud.  It also allows you to connect a "Dumb Terminal" and     have 80 columns on your ADAM!  All PD programs available for thevoted ADAMites, and third party suppliers for hardware & software.  I firmly believe that ADAM'S long term survival      depends on greater cooperation between the users and the developers.  Often,   the hardware/software developer guesses at what might sell.  Some items sell & others do not.  The ADAM market is fairly limited & despite all good           intentions, it is shrinking.  The suppliers can no longer afford to market     unsalable items.\\\\It is therefore up to you, the consumer to tell the d     Year.   \BBOLD GLORY\b, by EyeZod Graphics is a new graphics package that      contains 100's of graphics for use with PowerPAINT & other programs that       support sprite, font, clip-art and picture files.  The whole theme of Bold     Glory revolves around American holidays and patriotic themes.  It is available for $21.95 on Disk or DDP\\\\This is just a word concerning those ads concerning \BEOS REVISION 6\b, an     unreleased version for the ADAM.  While this version IS AN IMPROVED VERSION    ovext 3 months:  U.S. FIRST CLASS is now set at $22 for a full year/10          issues.\\\\\BHOOSIER SOFTWARE\b has recently completed and released their update to Tax   Helper 1990 called appropriately \BTax Helper 1991\b which will aid in the     tedious process of filing 1991 tax returns.  As many have found out, Tax       Helper is not a once a year program but can easily handle year round tax       calculation requirements and 1991's version has been even further & expanded   upon.  Tax Helper 1991 is rives, and even allow prgms to work    with the PowerMATE Hard Disk Drive.\\\\\BSUBSCRIPTIONS:\b  This newsletter is published 6 times a calendar year.      \B$5\b to any US address; $7 to Canada (US Dollars), and $10 Foreign (in US    funds).  Cost per issue #1.50\\\\\BBACK ISSUES:\b  Back issues of this newsletter are available.  Any 6 issues  (1 years worth) $4.25.  Two years $8.  4 years $15.  SPECIAL sale 6 years $20  all PostPaid.  Issue #1 was in July 1984.\\\\\BNORMAN CASTRO, 809W 33rd Ave, Belthough a high capacity  disk drive is recommended, a memory expander would offer more flexibility, an  80 column display would make working with these programs and a hard drive      would be the icing on the cake.\\\\Come and voice your opinions on what support you would like to have from NIAD  (& OAUC).  If you don't like the meetings tell us WHY so we can respond.  If   you think your ADAM is useless because you can't do certain things on it, tell us & we can show you how you can use your ADAM for the xO by      Sydex, is an IBM-PC Compatible program which will let you read disks from more than 300 CP/M formats - six for the Coleco ADAM alone - in drives of           PC-c\r~02,38\A\K\\This is from NIAD, PO Box 1317, Lisle, IL  60532 $22 Year.  \B22DISK\b by      Sydex, is an IBM-PC Compatible program which will let you read disks from more than 300 CP/M formats - six for the Coleco ADAM alone - in drives of           Pel Interfaces by EVE, OBS and E&T as well as being     fully compatible with 9 or 24-pin printers & Laser printers.\\\\\BS.M. VIDEO\b operated by Shon McCallum has released 2 new IBM type power     supplies for use in powering the ADAM Computer versus using the ADAM Printer.  The 200 Watt version has a super quiet fan and a 5 year warranty for $125.     These power supplies will provide enough power for any hardware attached to    the ADAM.  Also, you will no longer experience power drains or screen fadinrated at our September meeting by Terry Kayser where such CP/M - TDOS compatible programs as \BSuperCalc 2\b (a vast improvement over         ADAMCalc), \BPC-File\b (a major improvement over SmartFILER and all the other  FILER programs combined), \BWordStar\b (a major improvement over SmartWRITER   and SpeedyWRITE) and also shown was \BChecks & Balances\b, a program which     would put some of the IBM MS-DOS checking/accounting prgms to shame.  Best of  all these programs can be run on a BASE ADAM SYSTEM, allevue, NE 68005\b (402)  291-4405\\\\ PLEASE REALIZE that EOS V6 is       available & installed automatically when you boot your \BDISK MANAGER\b that   came with your disk drive.  It stays in memory until the computer reset is     pulled.  Also note that \BWalter's Software\b has an even better EOS that is   called \BTHE SMARTDSK\b operating system, allowing many hardware & software    functions that Coleco never dreamed would be available for the ADAM.  SmartDSK will set up RAM DISKS, access all disk dthings you want. \BMost computers are not used to anywhere near there full potential because people    are not educated as to how to use them and what software is available for      them\b.  Don't make this mistake & waste a valuable investment.\\\\\BMICRO INNOVATIONS\b, Operated by Mark Gordon, has recently announced the     availability of 3 new ADAM hardware products:  64K Memory Expander $30; 256K   $70; and Parallel Printer Interface(PPI) $35.  The PPI is fully compatible     with all previous ParallC-compatible machines.  This is CP/M's equivalent to \B"The ADAM              Connection"\b.  So if you have files in CP/M that you need in MS-DOS format or vice verse, this is the program for you.  Available for $25 plus $5 S/H from:  Sydex, PO Box 5700, Eugene, OR  97405  Phone (503)  683-6033\\\\The NIAD July/August issue is their yearly catalog.  It also has \BNORMAN'S    SOFTWARE\b in there for $14.95 + S/H.  This is my Norman's Railroad that I     produced with the help of MAL.\\\\Recently demonstg   due to overloading your Coleco power supply.  Another benefit will be less     computer lockups, due to an excellent E.M.J. noise filter that gives cleaner   power.  Another new item for use with the Power Supplies is the AC Outlet      Adapter, available for $5, which turns the Power Supply monitor outlet into a  standard AC outlet which allows a monitor, etc to be plugged directly into the Power Supply.\\\\This is from me.  For a good belly full of laughs do your family a favor,      watch on your Prooms/caves etc).  I tried just 5 across but had to settle    for 6 across.  Very useful for making your MAPS to various games.  Let me know     S 10BAND R:  I bought at a garage sale a Holiday 10 Band radio and I made this to keep track of what I could find on the air waves.  It was helpful.     S 1991 GAS:  I updated my old GASsheet01 from OAUCforms01.     S 22x30 A1:  This 22 by 30 square printout was used for my ADAM Bomb maps     S ADAMcon3:  This is my second ADAM CONvention management sales txOfilled out with a pen and some you may want to save as a data file.All Skeltons have been designed by me on SmartWriter and be printed with a DMP as the the Dot Matrix PThis is my READ-ME file for my Skeltons.  Most have been designed with them    being filled out with a pen and some you may want to save as a data file.All Skeltons have been designed by me on SmartWriter and be printed with a DMP as the the Dot Matrid out.  These are meant to be used in Smart    WRITER for you to fill out via my TAB settings to help you keep track of your  American Flyer S Gauge model train inventory.  The FROM is used to list the    person whom I bought this car from OR date aquired.  You can just replace the  name etc to modify it for your use.     S ANNmedia:  With the ADAM NEWS NETWORK sending me 2 disks per month I    have a need to identify what I consider Special Interest Articles that I may   need later on.anagement sales tn R. Castro809W 33rd AvenueBellevue, NE 68005{402}  291-4405     S2ADAMcon3:  I brought several hardware, software and ADAM newsletters to sell at the ADAM CONvention 3.  A sales tax was also invloved which I paid     thru Dean Roades.  Sets is the TOTAL number that I had and the SELL column is  the selling price.  The SOLD column is what I DID sell ONE SET for.  The SALES column was used for TOTAL sales.     S 6 ACROSS is my primary TROLL'S TALE MAP that I deleted the various      un-needed boxes (BS (Public Broadcast System) channels Saturday night \BARE YOU  BEING SERVED\b.  It starts at 8PM here in Nebraska.\\\\\BS.M. VIDEO\b operated by Shon McCallum has released 2 new IBM type power     supplies for use in powering the ADAM Computer versus using the ADAM Printer.  The 200 Watt version has a super quiet fan and a 5 year warranty for $125.     These power supplies will provide enough power for any hardware attached to    the ADAM.  Also, you will no longer experience power drains or screen fadinool.     S AMflyr 1:  This was included with my NORMAN'S RAILROAD ($12 on disk) as Public Domain to help with any gauge AMERICAN FLYER TRAIN INVENTORY.  As I     un-packed my train collection I entered them in pen and later used my ADAM for Inventory Control for insurance values.  I have S and Standard guage in AF.    The O column is for Operating.  The I is for Illuminated.  If useful tell me.     SamFLYER S:  This is TYPE 1 which I call a "HEADER" as only the first few lines across the page are printex Printer will NOT add extra length to the printed page as our ADAM Printer does.  For this reason some may run a little longer than one  page in length if the ADAM printer is used.  If so start at the very top of    the page and/or delete the last line or two of the skelton/form.If you have any Skeltons etc that you would like to share PLEASE send to me in Disk format if possible.  I have many more Skeltons that I use, but I have put my best together here for you, as a proud ADAM user.Sincerely,NormaxNAM CONVENTION 3 FOR SALE ITEMS |                      |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -|                      |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |                      | ADAM CONVENTION 3 FOR SALE ITEMS |                      |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- -                             |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |         |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |      -||ITEM TYPE:             NAME  ETC            |SETS|SELL|SOLD|SOLD|    |SALES||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                             |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - -| Norman R. Castro,  809W 33rd Avenue,  Bellevue, NE  68005    (402)  291-4405|- - -||         |                                  |    |    |    |    |    |     ||- - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - | |- - - - - ||- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |         xN |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - ||         | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||         | |          | |          | |          | |                                Skelton 6 Across|- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |                   ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||- - 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|- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |           MAHA ADAM USERS CLUB) (402) 291-4405      ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - ||- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |        |- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 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- - - | |- - - - - |  Designed by Norman Castro for OAUC (O                                          ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     |  ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||          | |          | |          | |          | |          | |          ||- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - | |- - - - - |  Designed by Norman Castro for OAUC (O - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |    - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - |- - -|- - -|- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -||    |     |     |    |                                                     ||- - 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Castro,  809W 33rd Avenue, Bellevue, NE  68005    (402)  291-4405 -|- - -||      |        |    |    |    |    |    |    |   |   |   | |- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- - -||      |        |    |    |    |    |    |    |   |   |   |   |   |   |     ||- - - |- - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- - -||      |        |    |    |    |    |    |    |   |   |   |   |   |   |     ||- - - |- - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- - -||      |        |    |    |    |    |    |    |   |   |   |   |   |   |     ||- - - |- - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- - -||      |        - - - - - - - - - - ||STOCK/CAR #|GAUGE| ROAD NAME - - - - - CAR TYPE |O|I|   COLOR    |VALUE|HAVE||- - - - - -|- - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |-|-|- - - - - - |- - -|- - ||           |     |                              | | |            |     |    ||- - - - - -|- - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |-|-|- - - - - - |- - -|- - ||           |     |                              | | |            |     |    ||- - 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- |- - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- -xOEL TRAINS INVENTORY  as of  3 Nov 90 |                 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -             |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |            | AMERICAN FLYER TRAINS INVENTORY  as of        9  |            |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |    |    |    |    |    |    |   |   |   |   |   |   |     ||- - - |- - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- - -||      |        |    |    |    |    |    |    |   |   |   |   |   |   |     ||- - - |- - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- - -||      |        |    |    |    |    |    |    |   |   |   |   |   |   |     ||- - - |- - - - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- - |- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- - -||      |        |    |    |    |    |    |    |   |   |   |   |                              | | |            |     |    ||- - 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The reason for my lack of modeming experience had  to do with large and unsurmountable problems. (My interest   in ADAM modeming would have been to find out more about ADAM and to keep in co- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||        |    |                                                              ||- - - - | - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||        |    |                                                              ||- - - - |- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||        |    |                                                              ||- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hat is), ECHO messages to another BBS,   which would in turn send that and it's own, and etc. And if  I am not incorrect in figuring the system out, each BBS on   the FIDO network would do  that until all new messages for   FIDO were gathered into one large grouping. Then the         grouping would be sent around again, and each participating  BBS would take the group of messages that it's subscribers   needed, and send the whole group on to the next BBS in the   network; and so forth.     As is readily pex	E ASCII    set), that I could not understand them. I couldn't even see  which key to press hang up, and call back later, logging in  again as a new user with a variation of                 ADAM CONFERENCE on FIDO NET                   "Let's Talk More Often"     One day, the mailman brought me a letter from Barry     Wilson. This in itself was not a particularly rare event,    (once Barry has your address, you may hear         ||- - - - |- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||        |    |                                                              ||- - - - | - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||        |    |                                                              ||- - - - |- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||        |    |                                                              ||- - - - |- - |- - - - - - ntact with other ADAMites. All of this      would have required great sums of money for long distance    calls to ADAM BBSs).     He claimed that there were a group of BBSs, (not ADAM,  if one could even perceive of such a possibility),  in the   United States, and probably in Canada; and perhaps in        several other countries; which had a sort of "message        trading" program going on betwen them. It seems that in the  middle of the night one of these BBSs would send its new,    (new for that day, t- - - - - - | - - |- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||        |    |                                                              ||- - - - | - -|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||        |    |                                                              ||- - - - |- - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ||        |    |                                                              ||- - - - |- - |- - - - - - rceived by the more astute observer,    with such a system a very low number of short distance "long distance" calls is involved for each individual BBS,         (because the path is constructed in such a way as to         minimize the number of miles between adjacent participating  BBSs in the network.     When I say that each BBS could take "the group of       messages that it's subscribers needed", let me explain that  the messages are broken down into subjects, which are called "Echo Mail Conferences". carry the "ADAM Echo Conference".     Well, let me tell you that this was a serious           consideration inasmuch as I had but done a little prior      "modeming" with Rob Friedman while doing the ASG, and that   was it. No, I take that back, I had called the ANET BBS in   Salt Lake City Utah, and chatted with ALAN NEELEY for a      short time once. In any case I felt very unsure of myself,   and sort of just put it off.      But the idea that I might possibly be able to end my    isolation here kept so more      general topics in which we might all be more or less         interested. There are things like "National For Sale", and   "Commercial For Sale", and so forth.     Each one of these topics is called a "conference", and  each BBS can subscribe to any of the conferences in which    his users are interested.      Each conference also has a "TOPICOP", who worries about whether or not the messages are really germain to the        subject. (He also worries about things like the use of       profanit I decided that it was now or never!     The first few BBS calls I tried using the ADAMLink II   software, allowed me to connect, (at least the screen went   blank and a message appeared in the lower screen saying      "modem online", or something like that. But after about two  seconds, the message "CARRIER LOST" appeared, and it         returned to the original screen. But finally I found three   out of the six that stayed "online". (I later fixed the      problem of the going off line with the use of th the very least heavily involved).     Now let me digress back to the letter from Barry for a  minute. Barry said that if we sent him our phone Area Code,  he would download from his "sources" a list of all BBSs in   our area. (He didn't guarantee that all would be "toll       free", and when my list came, I only had about 6 out of      about 50 that he sent, that were toll free calls).     Then he said in the letter, that we should call, (by    modem), all of the local BBss until one of them agreed to    For example, us ADAM people usually address our messages to the "ADAM Echo Mail Conference". Now there are a large number of conferences available, and I     suppose that new ones can be created if enough people want   to have such a conference. I have seen quite a selection of  different topics available, even in this rather small town   of Las Cruces, NM. In IBM topics for example, there are      discussions on MS-DOS, Data Base programs, and wordprocessor programs, to mention but a few. And there are albothering me, and finally I decided that if I never tried to communicate with the local BBSs, then I  never would be able to do so. I figured that if they all     just told me to "get off the line with that slow ADAM        modem", I wouldn't be any worse off than I was without       trying to use it anyway.     I even re-read Bart Lynch's article in the ASG about    "modeming", and studied particularly the parts where he      accentuated the "friendliness" and the "helpfulness" of the  BBS Sysops. Finallyy, (which, as he states, is offensive to us "younger users"); and he worries about people being abusive or        offensive to others, and in general tries to do what he can  to make the "conference" meaningful , unoffensive and        enjoyable; to both the serious, and the playful, (but        polite), users.      Our TOPICOP is James Young, and is an ADAMITE in        Florida where the idea of establishing the ADAM Conference   apparently originated but PJ Herrington and/or the MOAUG     members were ate            ADAMLINKIII+ by Tom Clary. I have never lost a signal on     that program yet.       So, let me tell you what happened.     When the screen told me that the modem was on line, I   waited while the introduction screen came slowly flitting    by. (Right away I knew that I must get a faster modem, but   financial considerations have even now prevented that, so it still flits slowly by). While the screen was going by, I     often saw great groups of asterisks, W's, brackets, and so   forth that ms a new user with a variation of my name and a new    "password", after finding out what "ANSI" meant. So "just    say no!" to any questions about IBM color or ANSI. (I later  left a message to the sysop telling him to cancel out the    names so that I could log in again and this time answer the  questions correctly, and he did that for me. They really do  try hard to accomodate).     Well in the process of reading the entry boards, I      found that the "FIDO" is often mentioned. If not, then when  the Mat  the purpose of the BBS, or who the Sysop was and the type of system he employed had passed; the text came; "What Is Your  First Name?".      What a snap! I knew the answer in a moment! I typed "M  E L ", and pressed return.     That wasn't intimidating enough for the host BBS, I     guess, because next it wrote; "What Is Your Last Name?".      Well, do you know what? I knew the answer to that one   too, so I typed in "O S T L E R", and pressed return. Man,   was I feeling proud!     By this time the HAT"  or "YELL AT SYSOP", will probably not do anything for you.   But try it! If he is in, you can possibly get an answer      right away. Otherwise leave a message for the Sysop, noting  that you didn't see the "ADAM conference" on his list of     "FIDO Echoes", and that you and some other ADAMites are      looking for a BBS to carry it for you, and that you will     check back in a day or two for an answer. The "leaving of a  message to the Sysop" is often a selection frm the main      menu, but may be a right or wrong.     Probably the only one that made a difference was the    one about the ANSI. I didn't know that this meant the color  characters of the IBM, and it had asked if I wanted them to  be sent to my screen. I had answered "Yes", and when the     menus came up, they were so mixed up with the color symbols, (which to me appeared as letters and symbols of the ASCII    set), that I could not understand them. I couldn't even see  which key to press hang up, and call back later, logging in  again aade no sense at all. I finally found that these  are IBM "ANSI" characters, which if I had an IBM or          compatible thereof, would instead display gorgeous colors    across my screen.     But I don't, and it didn't. So it added more confusion  to my already fearful mind. Anyway, I didn't know what was   wrong, but no smoke was coming up, no bells and buzzers were sounding ominously in my ears, so i just waited while the    confusion persisted.     Finally, after all of the text that I could read abouin Menu appears, one may see it mentioned there. If    not, then there may be a selection of "NET" or "MESSAGES".   Select "NET" if there is such, and select "MESSAGES"         otherwise. On some BBSs you may be led from "MAIN" to        "MESSAGES" to "NET" or "ECHO". Let the menus guide you. You  will likely make a few mistakes, but nothing you do can't be remedied after you learn the board.     Anyway, the Sysop will likely not be in, (they often    work for a living, like some of us do), so selecting "CBBS knew that I was an imposter,       because there was no other user with such a name, but it     persisted in its' querying with the question; "What Is your  Password?". Now I was stumped, but I wrote something down to satisfy the question. (The board wouldn't proceed until I    gave some kind of answer, so I made one up). I typed, "A D A M E L", and pressed return.     Now the board went onto a new tangent asking all kinds  of questions, some of which I didn't know the meaning; but I answered them all,lso available after you select "GOODBYE",  or whatever "log-off" is called on the board that you are    using.     Another thing to remember is that no board will be as   confusing for you as the first one that you call. The boards are all quite similar, and in any given geographical area,   they tend to use the same software. Around here, the "OPUS"  software is very popular, but they tell me that "WILDCAT" is very popular in Houston TX, for examples.     Anyway, don't be intimidated. I called the Dona Aslow up my  mail any longer either!     It is great, I reccomend it to all. Communiucation is   the key to keeping the ADAM going. I hope to get to know a   whole lot more of you other ADAMites on the FIDONET.     So call up, ask them to get the ADAM conference on      FIDONET. They may not charge, like here in the "land of the  free", or they may want some recompense for the added long   distance charges. If they want money, find out how much, get other ADAMites around you to share, and/or try another   ECHO appeared on the "ECHO Net" menu.     Since then it has been great. It beats the mail by far. I can check some point of a software problem within four     days, ask Lani Brito what the heckk, (note the five letter   word, not four), is "LUMPIA?", see what master pages Barry   needs changed for the second USA printing of the ASG, or     tell Rich Lefko, for the third time that the last ever in    the whole world ADAM keypad is his if he asks for it.      Well, the first time on the ADAM ECHO wasn't allld charges    with several other St.Louis fidonets which helps reduce the  cost.    Our local board takes the number of Adam messages   and dividies by the total number of messages and then        multiplies that fraction times the ld charges.Our first month charge in St.Louis was FOUR CENTS.  But due  to the increased Adam echo traffic, the second month it went up to TWENTY EIGHT CENTS.So try it and see.  I have been told a fidonet in Akron      Ohio, wanted $l0 per year to carry the adam echo.  So chec a bunch of welcomes, demands, hellos, and all sorts of things        appeared. I suddenly didn't feel like I was the only ADAM    owner in the world. New Mexico is not only a great place to  retire, and raise kids. It isn't just a place where your     neighbor isn't trying to sue you every time you look at him  cross eyed; it is also a place where I can communicate with  other ADAMites, right here in my own house. I don't even     need to go buy a stamp, nor go to the mailbox. Government    holidays don't na     Community College BBS, and the SYSOP was in and said that he would like to carry ADAM if the NMSU would agree. So far it  has not happened, but the second one that I called agreed.   He was on line at the time I called, and noting the snails   pace of my ADAM modem, broke into "CHAT" with me. He was     very friendly, and after about two weeks of checking back    with his BBS for messages about every other day, and leaving a reminder after the first week, I found a note from him to  me; and the ADAM     board. Some of the newer boards are trying to get            established, and might be more anxious to help.     As Bart Lynch said in his article in the ASG, "See you  on the Boards", the ADAM conference of the FIDONET board,    that is!                         Mel Ostler{EDITOR NOTE.  Barry Wilson.   Do investigate the fidonet    echo; if they mention paying a portion of the ld charges,    see if they can give you an idea of what this will run.      Locally in St.Louis the fidonet BBS shares the  that   great, and yet it was. I saw messages from Bart Lynch, Pat   Herrington, Al Fitzgerald, Barry Wilson, (whoever that is),  James Young the TOPICOP, Jim Duffy, Lani Brito, Faye Deere,  Allen Keltner, and I can't even remember who all was in the  list of messages when I first saw it. I do remember that     there were none for me! You have to write messages to get    them, I knew that, so I wrote, "Hi, I finally got on the     echo board! Mel Ostler".     For three days I checked the board, and finallyk the charges and dont let that deter you, the        charges may be much much less than you think.HOPE TO SEE YOU ON THE FIDONET ADAM ECHO.     Barry Wilson}G, "See you  on the Boards", the ADAM conference of the FIDONET board,    that is!                         Mel Ostler{EDITOR NOTE.  Barry Wilson.   Do investigate the fidonet    echo; if they mention paying a portion of the ld charges,    see if they can give you an idea of what this will run.      Locally in St.Louis the fidonet BBS shares the numerical value. These values represent one of two things. They are either data or instructions. Deciding which is which is one of the challenges of disassembling machine code. Each instruction in the Z80 microprocessor set has its own distinct value from 0 to 255. The data used by a particular instruction, or stored as a value for a given variable or as part of a table also have  values  between 0 and 255. By taking two consecutive memory locations together, we can actually express values greater than 25AUFG PRODUCT REVIEWby Ron MitchellProduct:      EDIXProducer:     HEXACE SoftwareAuthor:       Bruce WaltersCost:         $10.00 USA good memory editor is an indispensable tool in any programmer's workshop. The ability to see or list out the contents of a given segment of RAM, and to change it if necessary is frequently required in the process of program development.One type of program that allows  you to do this is called a 'block editor' or 'block reader'. There are plenty of them around, eermore, EDIX will permit you to load a block of 1024 bytes from disk or data-pack into a pre-specified 'buffer' area and read that. Once you've read whatever you want to read, you can change it, manipulating values as desired (if you know what you're doing) and write your changes back to RAM or to the media you're using. You can move blocks of memory from one location to another and fill blocks of memory as you wish. Most block readers will do this sort of thing, although EDIX is the only one I know of thled RAM; Random Access Memory. If you have a base ADAM, you have 65,535 bytes of general purpose RAM plus an additional 16,384 bytes used by the video display processor. Each of these bytes contains a value - some number from 0 to 255. You probably know that with SmartBASIC, you can examine these values, that is see what they are,  simply by typing the command:              PRINT PEEK(X)where X is the value of the memory location you want to look at. For each memory location X, SmartBASIC will return a ld charges    with several other St.Louis fidonets which helps reduce the  cost.    Our local board takes the number of Adam messages   and dividies by the total number of messages and then        multiplies that fraction times the ld charges.Our first month charge in St.Louis was FOUR CENTS.  But due  to the increased Adam echo traffic, the second month it went up to TWENTY EIGHT CENTS.So try it and see.  I have been told a fidonet in Akron      Ohio, wanted $l0 per year to carry the adam echo.  So chec5, but that's off topic. Any good book on Z80 programming will tell you lot's more about what you're dealing with when you read RAM. What we're interested in here is the new program that Bruce Walters has given us for the purpose.EDIX is a program written in SmartBASIC that permits you to read memory. In fact, it does a good deal more than that. It allows you to read the internal RAM, the 65535 memory spaces we were talking about, and also any segment of expansion RAM that you might have installed.  Furthach with its own special abilities, strengths and weaknesses. One of the first was JKL utilities, produced by none other than JKL, who's initials also appear in the ADAM Technical Manual. He obviously knew what he was doing. In fact, the format of his particular 'block reader' has appeared elsewhere bearing a variety of names that we won't go into here.Before talking about the latest arrival in the world of memory editors, EDIX, let's cover a few basics. Your ADAM computer is equipped with something calat will allow you to edit expansion RAM. But with EDIX, that's only the beginning. You can also search memory for a particular value or set of values, or for a string of text. This is particularly useful if you're isolating machine language routines by looking for a "return" instruction, which in some cases carries a decimal value of 201. This is one method of isolating specific machine language routines in order to find out what they do. EDIX will do that, and EDIX will also permit you edit fonts, sprite? This is the sort of thing that might confuse the novice user of EDIX. So, on next attempt I decided to try something else. By pressing either the escape key or Smartkey I, I found I was able to leave the memory display and go back to the main menu. This time, I pressed  Smartkey II and specified my own USER workspace by again pressing Smartkey II and responding to the prompt ENTER BUFFER ADDRESS I entered 1056. There was then a second prompt: ENTER DISPLAY ADDRESS.  This time entered 0.DO YOU WANT TO  He has suggested that perhaps an additional DOC file explaining some of the terminology used in the process of editing computer memory might be in order. He has promised to consider the possibility of including such a file on the distribution disk. I think that would be a good idea. When the program opens, you are presented with a menu which asks you to select, using the Smartkeys, one of five choices: END, CODE, SHAPE, SRCH, MOV. END is self explanatory. It ends the program, and you're back in SmartBASI16   104  121   18   70   65                            Hi Cathy.FA             (I)     (II)      (III)             END     SAVE      TOOLSThe 72 and the letter H are both highlighted indicating the position of the pointer. Pressing the left or right arrow keys moves you forward or backward through the memory space from your reference point.As you move forward in memory, the screen will eventually display 3 lines of 7 decimal values each, or 21 bytes of memory, along with an equivalent ASCII value asked to ENTER DISPLAY ADDRESS. I entered 1056, expecting to locate the infamous "Hi Cathy" message in the Smartbasic interpreter.EDIX had already told me that we would be looking at memory starting at 55296. But I had entered a display address of 1056 because that's where I wanted to look.  As it turns out this is an offset address and not really the address in memory that I'm looking at. I could have entered 0 as the display address and achieved the same result. Is the display address in fact the offsets and clips.  Let's have a closer look at how the program is set up.On the distribution disk there is a 17 page document file that walks you through every aspect of the program. Before you start however, you'd better know the meanings of the following terms:    intrinsic    default    buffer    offset    pointer    block    device    interval    LSB    MSBYou will also need to know something about Z-80 relative jumpsBruce Walters and I have discussed EDIX and its accompanying documentation.LOAD THE BUFFER FROM A DEVICE  [Smartkey I = NO Smartkey II = YES]. So I said NOENTER INTERVALThe documentation explains that this is the number of memory spaces you jump ahead each time you press the arrow key.1There's the "Hi Cathy" message.The display screen at this point gave me the following information:        MERRY CHRISTMAS !!!!Buffer   : 1056          Interval : 1Pointer  : 1056          Position : 0Address  : 0                       72  105   32   67              97  1C. CODE takes you to the segment of the program which lets you examine memory, and right away you're faced with a choice that you might find confusing.The program informs you that the default workspace equals 55296, that is, it starts at address 55296. You can accept that without change by pressing Smartkey I or you can change it by pressing Smartkey II, which is labeled USER meaning SPECIFY A USER DEFINED WORKSPACE. On my first look at the program I stayed with the default workspace.Next screen. I was on the line below the decimal values. Hexidecimal equivalents aren't given, nor are the Z80 opcodes. EDIX does have a couple of very neat features. It permits you to load Powerpaint CLIP files, edit them if you wish and then print them directly to your dot-matrix printer. This aspect of the program works very well and easy to use. You have precise control over where the printed CLIP will go on your page, and the CLIP editor allows you to change each and every pixel of the design if you so wish, or alternaSupplier Info, ASIV, Wish List.OAUCp3_DEC H   Clip-ArtOAUC_DECp4 H   Clip-Art cont.OAUCDEC7   A   Supplier Info.OAUCDEC8   A   Supplier Info, OAUC Subscription info.=====================================From Norman Castro, OAUC.  ANN thanks Norman for his many contributions. (Editor's note: Special thanks to Norman for preparing this README file)Norman R. Castro - "All Skeltons have been designed by me on SmartWriter and be printed with a DMP as the the Dot Matrix Printer will NOT add extra length toCLIP printout feature is well worth the purchase price in itself. The other capabilities of the program are certainly quite useful. You do have to know what you're doing when playing around in ADAM's memory, but if you do, you can have a lot of fun with this program.inter. This aspect of the program works very well and easy to use. You have precise control over where the printed CLIP will go on your page, and the CLIP editor allows you to change each and every pixel of the design if you so wish, or alternaDAMcon3: I brought several hardware, software and ADAM newsletters to sell at the ADAM CONvention 3. A sales tax was also invloved which I paid  thru Dean Roades. Sets is the TOTAL number that I had and the SELL column is the selling price. The SOLD column is what I DID sell ONE SET for. The SALES column was used for TOTAL sales.  S 6 ACROSS is my primary TROLL'S TALE MAP that I deleted the various un-needed boxes (rooms/caves etc). I tried just 5 across but had to settle for 6 across. Very useful for mak9202ANN-1advanced03 A   Ron Collins    Advanced CP/M Part 3advanced04 A   Part 4advanced05 A   Part 5advanced06 A   Part 6advanced07 A   Part 7advanced08 A   Part 8=====================================NEW_VENDOR A   IMPORTANT  !!!!   NEW  HARDWARE VENDORADAMCONIV  A   ADAMCON IV Information and registration form.ANN_ADDRES H   Important ADAM addresses and phone numbers. ANN Staff, AUGs, Suppliers, BBSs.=====================================Norman Castro's December NewsletterOAUC_DECp2 H   tively, to design your own CLIP files. The CLIP editing screens remind me very much of Guy Cousineau's Shapemaker program, and operate in much the same fashion. There is also a provision for editing fonts and sprites in like manner. You have the ability to select an 8X8 pixel workspace or one of 16X16 dimensions. CLIP files of course are 64X64.All in all, EDIX needs a little work, but in it's present state it's a fun program to use. I would like to see more information displayed by the memory editor, the  the printed page as our ADAM Printer does. For this reason some may run a little longer than one page in length if the ADAM printer is used. If so start at the very top of the page and/or delete the last line or two of the skelton/form.""If you have any Skeltons etc that you would like to share PLEASE send to me in Disk format if possible. I have many more Skeltons that I use, but I have put my best together here for you, as a proud ADAM user." 809W 33rd Avenue, Bellevue, NE 68005 {402} 291-4405  S2Atively, to design your own CLIP files. The CLIP editing screens remind me very much of Guy Cousineau's Shapemaker program, and operate in much the same fashion. There is also a provision for editing fonts and sprites in like manner. You have the ability to select an 8X8 pixel workspace or one of 16X16 dimensions. CLIP files of course are 64X64.All in all, EDIX needs a little work, but in it's present state it's a fun program to use. I would like to see more information displayed by the memory editor, the ing your MAPS to various games. Let me know  S 10BAND R: I bought at a garage sale a Holiday 10 Band radio and I made this to keep track of what I could find on the air waves. It was helpful.  S 1991 GAS: I updated my old GASsheet01 from OAUCforms01.  S 22x30 A1: This 22 by 30 square printout was used for my ADAM Bomb maps  S ADAMcon3: This is my second ADAM CONvention management sales tool.  S AMflyr 1: This was included with my NORMAN'S RAILROAD ($12 on disk) as Public Domain to help with any gaههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههyer S Gauge model train inventory. The FROM is used to list the person whom I bought this car from OR date aquired. You can just replace the name etc to modify it for your use.  S ANNmedia: With the ADAM NEWS NETWORK sending me 2 disks per month I have a need to identify what I consider Special Interest Articles that I may need later on.=====================================FIDOECHOAr H   Mel Ostler     A first person account of fidonet.EDIXrevRM  A   Ron Mitchell   A review of HEXACE's new software pههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههuge AMERICAN FLYER TRAIN INVENTORY. As I  un-packed my train collection I entered them in pen and later used my ADAM for Inventory Control for insurance values. I have S and Standard guage in AF. The O column is for Operating. The I is for Illuminated. If useful tell me.  SamFLYER S: This is TYPE 1 which I call a "HEADER" as only the first few lines across the page are printed out. These are meant to be used in Smart WRITER for you to fill out via my TAB settings to help you keep track of your American Flههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههackage.ICAN FLYER TRAIN INVENTORY. As I  un-packed my train collection I entered them in pen and later used my ADAM for Inventory Control for insurance values. I have S and Standard guage in AF. The O column is for Operating. The I is for Illuminated. If useful tell me.  SamFLYER S: This is TYPE 1 which I call a "HEADER" as only the first few lines across the page are printed out. These are meant to be used in Smart WRITER for you to fill out via my TAB settings to help you keep track of your American Flهههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههههه